27,019 research outputs found
Oral History of Phu Do Nguyen
No full textAn oral history with Mr. Phu Do Nguyen, a lawyer and father of three. He was born in 1965 in Saigon and he escaped Vietnam by boat as an unaccompanied minor. This interview focused on his experience as a Vietnamese refugee and how that molded his character, to his thought processes and way of life as a patriotic American. He joined the American military and earned his law degree in the U.S. His message to future generations is, “Do what you love, not for the money. If you do something you love and you’re passionate about it, the money will come because you are so good at it. Do what you love.”Recorded Digitall
Oral History of Huyen Nguyen
No full textHuyen Nguyen, a graduate of the University of California, Irvine, is a senior programming analyst at Western Growers. The interview focuses on her experiences before the fall in April 1975, settling in the U.S., and adjusting to life a new life in the U.S.. Her stories detail what she had in Vietnam, what she lost, and what she had to work for. She went from a life living in a well‐to‐do family with a prestigious reputation to a refugee who had to work her hardest to make a comfortable living in a new country. As
a first generation Vietnamese, she tries to impart on listeners the lessons learned and the hardships endured during her life.Recorded Digitall
Political - Social Phylosophy of Nguyen Binh Khiem and its Significance for Vietnam in the Current Era
No full textNguyen Binh Khiem (1491–1585) was a philosopher and one of Vietnam's greatest cultural figures of the 16th century. He was distinguished not only for his contributions to culture and education but also for his profound philosophical thought, particularly his political and social views. He was one of the leading intellectuals of the Later Lê dynasty. His thoughts have greatly contributed to the formation of political and social viewpoints in feudal Vietnam, leaving valuable lessons for the ongoing development of the country. Through his literary works, poetry, and practical activities, as well as his conduct, we can discern his deep political - social ideas. The first thing is his vision was of a peaceful society, one in which harmony prevailed both at the top and bottom of the social order, in which people respected and upheld moral principles. This would be a society of peace and prosperity, a foundational condition for the strength and thriving of the nation. Nguyen Binh Khiem's political thought is also expressed through ideas such as the concept of securing the people’s welfare, placing the people at the center; the critical spirit against and condemnation of feudal warfare. Studying Nguyen Binh Khiem's political - social thought provides a foundation for accurately recognizing the distinctive characteristics and value of his ideas in the development of Vietnamese national thought, as well as their relevance to the ongoing process of building Vietnamese society today
Nguyen,HienDuc
No full text학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 국제대학원--국제경영학과,2006. 8Contents
Chapter1: Introduction 1
1.1 The background 1
1.2 Focus and scope 4
1.3 Research objectives 4
1.4 Benefit of the study 5
1.5 Methodology 6
1.6 Data and materials 6
1.7 Structure of the Thesis 6
Chapter2: Literature Review
2.1 Stock return behaviour 8
2.1.1 Statistical properties of the stock returns 9
2.1.2 Market efficiency 14
2.1.3 Weekend effect(The day of the week effect) 24
2.2 Stock returns volatility behaviour 25
2.3 Stock return volatility and trading volume 31
2.4 Stock return volatility and trading volume behaviour under price limits 32
Chapter3: An overview of the emerging Vietnamese stock markets 34
3.1 Emergence and development of the Vietnamese stock market 34
3.2 The primary market 36
3.3 The secondary market 37
3.3.1 Chi Minh City Securities Trading Center(HSTC) 37
3.3.2 Hanoi Securities Trading Center42
3.4 Trading mechanism 44
3.5 Mutual funds 46
3.6 Securities Companise 46
3.7 Regulatory framework 47
3.8 Performance of Vietnamese stock market 48
3.8.1 Performance of Hochiminh City Securties Trading Center 48
3.8.2 Performance of Hanoi City Securities Trading Center 52
3.8.3 Achievements and Limitations of VN Stock Market: General Assessments 52
Appendix A: 61
Chap4: An analysis of stock return behavior in the Vietnamese emerging stock market 96
4.1 Statistical Properties of stock returns 97
4.1.1 Introduction 97
4.1.2 Methodology and Models 97
4.1.3 Empirical results 101
4.2 Test of market efficiency 102
4.2.1 Introduction 102
4.2.2 Methodology and Models 102
4.2.3 Empirical results 109
4.3 Test of weekend effect 111
4.3.1 Introduction 111
4.3.2 Methodology and Models 112
4.3.3 Empirical results 113
4.4 Test of stock returns volatility 113
4.4.1 Introduction 113
4.4.2 Methodology and Models 113
4.4.3 Empirical results 119
Appendix B 123
Chapter5: Conclusions and Recommendations 151
Bibliography 155MasterABSTRACT
A study on stock returns behaviour
of the emerging Vietnamese stock market
Hien, Nguyen Duc
GSIS, Ajou University
2006
This thesis overviews the historical development and investigates the stock return behavior of the Vietnamese stock market by examining 4 issues regarding stock return behaviour in Vietnam equity market. These issues are: (1) Distributional characteristics of stock return; (2) Market efficiency; (3) Market seasonality and (4) Stock return volatility and trading volume relationship.
The empirical results suggest that there is serial correlation of the stock prices and stock price do not follow a random walk theory. This inefficiency can be traced to restricted supply of socks, a scarcity of information and the thinness and discontinuity in trading that plague the exchange. The thesis also tests for the presence of seasonal anomalies. There are empirical evidences to support the hypothesis of weekend effect in Vietnamese stock market that has been found in many stock markets.
Besides, the empirical results also confirm the well-known volatility clustering in Vietnam daily stock return series and strongly reject the time invariance of the risk return parameter
Beth Nguyen: 47th Annual ODU Literary Festival
No full textBeth Nguyen is the author of the recent memoir Owner of a Lonely Heart, which was a New York Times Editors’ Choice Pick, as well as the memoir Stealing Buddha’s Dinner, and two novels. She has received an American Book Award and a PEN/Jerard Award and her work has appeared in publications including The New Yorker, The Paris Review, Time, and Best American Essays. She teaches at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where she also directs the MFA Program in Creative Writing
Oral History of Phuoc Duc Nguyen
No full textAn oral history with Mr. Phuoc Duc Nguyen, born in 1969 in Sài Gòn, Vietnam. After the collapse of South Vietnam, he and his father made several attempts to escape the country by boat and succeeded on their eighth attempt in 1981. He arrived at Camp Songkhla in Thailand and stayed for less than six months before arriving in San Diego, California (CA), later moving to Westminster, CA, to live with his mother. He discussed his service in the U.S. Navy after finishing high school and becoming a navy electrician. After his military service, he gained U.S. citizenship and a Bachelor’s degree in Engineering at San Diego State University. He has three children and lives in Westminster, CA, with his wife.Recorded digitall
Oral History of Lilly Nguyen
No full textAn oral history of Lilly Nguyen, born in 1979 in California. Her parents left Vietnam in one of the first waves and identify as refugees, or more specifically, boat people. Her family moved many times during her childhood, but she calls Orange County, California her home. She discusses growing up a headstrong person and balancing parental pressures, gender roles, and her identity as a Vietnamese American. Having grown up in Orange County, she felt the need to explore other worlds, which led to her interest in academia that eventually brought her to do research for one year in Hanoi, Vietnam. She currently resides in Irvine, California with her husband.Recorded Digitall
Limnonectes phuyenensis Pham & Do & Le & Ngo & Nguyen & Ziegler & Nguyen 2020, sp. nov.
No full textLimnonectes phuyenensis sp. nov. (Figs. 2–5) Holotype: IEBR 4737 (Field number DTD 138), adult male, collected by D. T. Do on 28 March 2015 (12°51.184 ’ N, 109°13.151 ’ E, at an elevation of 359 m asl.) in the evergreen forest of Ca Mountain Pass, near Hoa Thinh Commune, Tay Hoa District, Phu Yen Province, Vietnam. Paratypes: 18 specimens collected from the evergreen forest of Phu Yen Province, Vietnam: One adult male, PYU 535 (Field number DTD 04) and two adult females, IEBR 4739, 4740 (Field numbers DTD 163, 171), collected by D. T. Do on 28 March 2015 (12°51.184 ’ N, 109°13.151 ’ E, at an elevation of 359 m asl.) from Ca Mountain Pass, near Hoa Thinh Commune, Tay Hoa District; one adult male, IEBR 4738 (Field number DTD 535) and one adult female, PYU 536 (Field number DTD 536), collected by D. T. Do on 19 August 2015 (12°52.470 ’ N, 108°49.511 ’ E, at an elevation of 554 m asl.) from Ca Mountain Pass, near Son Thanh Tay Commune, Tay Hoa District; one adult male, ZFMK 103169 (Field number DTD 680) and one adult female, ZFMK 103170 (Field number DTD 708), collected by D. T. Do on 10 September 2016 (13°27.437 ’ N, 108°52.005 ’ E, at an elevation of 430 m asl.) from Phu Mo Commune, Dong Xuan District; one adult male, ITBCZ 4598 (Field number SH 040) collected by L. T. Nguyen, M. V. Le, and H. V. Lo on 26 March 2019 (12°78.549 ’ N, 109°03.737 ’ E, at an elevation of 350 m asl.); six adult males, ITBCZ 4746, 4747, 4749, 4753, 4754 (Field numbers SH 188, 189, 191, 195, 196, respectively) and VNMN 010902 (Field number SH194) and four adult females, ITBCZ 4745, 4748, 4750 (Field numbers SH 187, 190, 192, 193, respectively) and VNMN 010903 (Field number SH193) collected by L. T. Nguyen, M. V. Le, and H. V. Lo on 31 March 2019 (12°78.549 ’ N, 109°03.737 ’ E, at an elevation of 350 m asl.) from Song Hinh Protection Forest, Song Hinh District. Diagnosis: Molecular and morphological data, including the presence of fang-like odontoid processes on the lower jaw and sexual dimorphism, with males larger than females and enlargement of the head in males (Emerson et al. 2000), revealed the new species to be nested within Limnonectes. Limnonectes phuyenensis sp. nov. is distinguishable from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) SVL 49.8–77.9 mm in males, 40.8–61.8 mm in females; (2) males with moderately enlarged head (HL/SVL 0.47, HW/SVL 0.48); (3) head slightly broader than long (HL/HW 0.97 in males, 0.95 in females); (4) vomerine teeth present; (5) external vocal sacs absent; (6) rostral length short (RL/SVL 0.15); (7) tympanum invisible; (8) dorsal surface of head, body and flanks with ridges and tubercles; (9) dorsal surface of tibia and foot distinctly tuberculate, covered with moderately dense, small, low tubercles; (10) supratympanic fold present; (11) dorsolateral fold absent; (12) Finger I with nuptial pad, composed of minute spines on dorsal surface and medial edge in males; (13) toes webbed to distal of terminal phalanx, webbing formala I0–0II0–0III0–0IV0 - –0V0; (14) in life, dorsum yellowish brown with dark brown markings; (15) ventral surface white with brown markings. Description of holotype: Adult male (IEBR 4737); SVL 62.8 mm; habitus robust with enlarged head (HL/SVL 0.48, HW/SVL 0.50); head slightly broader than long (HL 30.1 mm, HW 31.2 mm); snout round anteriorly in dorsal view, projecting beyond lower jaw; nostril lateral, closer to tip of snout than to eye (NS 4.2 mm, EN 4.8 mm); canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region oblique and slightly concave; rostral length greater than eye diameter (RL 9.0 mm, ED 7.6 mm); interorbital distance wider than internarial distance and upper eyelid width (IOD 6.4 mm, IND 5.3 mm, UEW 3.9 mm); tympanum invisible; vomerine teeth in two oblique ridges; tongue cordiform, notched posteriorly; lower jaw with two tooth-like, odontoid processes robust with very sharp tips (OH 4.0 mm); external vocal sac absent. Forelimbs: Arms short; upper arm length (UAL) 10.8 mm, forearm length (FAL) 26.2 mm; relative finger lengths: I<II<IV<III; fingers free of webbing; dermal ridge on sides of fingers absent; tips of fingers blunt, not expanded; subarticular tubercles prominent, round, formula 1, 1, 1, 1; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, elongate; outer metatarsal tubercle small; Finger I with nuptial pad, composed of minute spines on dorsal surface and medial edge. Hind limbs: Tibia length shorter than thigh length (FeL 28.8 mm, TbL 27.1 mm), approximately 2.2 times longer than wide (TbW 12.4 mm); tips of toes blunt, slightly round; relative length of toes: I<II<V<III<IV; toes webbed to distal of terminal phalanx, webbing formala I0–0II0–0III0–0IV0 - –0V0; dermal ridge on outer sides of toes I and V; subarticular tubercles prominent, elongate, formula 1, 1, 2, 3, 2; inner metatarsal tubercle elongate; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching behind eye. Skin texture in life: Dorsal surface of head, body and flanks with ridges and tubercles; small tubercles on upper eyelid; supratympanic fold distinct, extending from eye to angle of jaw; dorsolateral fold absent; small tubercles around cloaca; dorsal surface of forelimbs and thighs smooth; dorsal surface of tibia and foot distinctly tuberculate, covered with moderately dense, small, low tubercles; throat, chest, belly and ventral surface of thighs smooth. Coloration in life: Iris dark gray in upper half and light gray in lower half; head with a pale yellow bar in anterior interorbital region and a narrow dark brown bar in posterior interorbital region; dorsum and flanks with yellowish brown marking; lips with dark bars; supratympanic fold dark brown; dorsal surface of limbs yellowish brown with dark crossbars; ventral surface of limbs, throat, chest, and belly white with brown markings; toe webbing brown. Coloration in preservative: Dorsum and upper part of flanks pale brown with dark brown marking; lower part of flanks white with brown marking; lips with dark bars; head with a narrow dark brown bar in anterior interorbital region; supratympanic fold dark brown; dorsal surface of limbs pale brown with dark crossbars; ventral surface of limbs, throat, chest, and belly white with brown markings; minute spines on Finger I greyish brown; toe webbing brown. Variation and sexual dimorphism: Measurements and morphological characters of the type series are provided in Table 1 and photographs of paratypes in life are presented in Fig. 6. Males are larger than females (SVL 60.1 ± 8.3 mm, n = 11 males vs. 50.3± 7.3 mm, n = 8 females). Males have a larger head than females (HL/ SVL 0.47 vs. 0.44, HW / SVL 0.48 vs. 0.46). The male specimens have a nuptial pad on Finger I. The males have robust fanglike odontoid processes, which are less pronounced in the females. The females contained yellowish cream eggs of varying sizes. One juvenile (unvouchered) had a yellowish dorsum with distinct brown marking (Figure 6F). ......continued on the next page Etymology. The specific epithet “ phuyenensis ” refers to the type locality of the new species, Phu Yen Province. As common names we suggest Phu Yen Wart Frog (English), Ếch nhẽo phú yên (Vietnamese). Ecological notes. Specimens were found between 19:00 and 23:00 in the head-water of small, rocky streams (Fig. 7A). They were found in the water or on the ground of stream banks at elevations above 300 m. Males were sometimes found in small water pools with two or three females nearby. The surrounding habitat was secondary forest of large, medium and small hardwoods mixed with shrubs and vines. Air temperature at the sites was 20.5–26.3 oC and relative humidity was 73–96%. The females collected in March, August, and September contained yellowish cream eggs of varying sizes. Male advertisement calls and tadpoles of the species have not been recorded during our field surveys. Other amphibian species found at the sites included Leptobrachella macrops (Duong, Do, Ngo, Nguyen & Poyarkov), Megophrys elfina (Poyarkov, Duong, Orlov, Gogoleva, Vassilieva, Nguyen, Nguyen, Nguyen, Che & Mahony), Limnonectes poilani (Bourret), Odorrana morafkai (Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho), Kurixalus cf. banaensis (Bourret), and Rhacophorus annamensis (Smith). Distribution. Limnonectes phuyenensis sp. nov. is currently known only from Phu Yen Province, South-central Vietnam (Fig. 8). Comparisons. We compared the new species with its congeners from Vietnam and neighboring countries including Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and China. Limnonectes phuyenensis sp. nov. differs from L. bannaensis Ye, Fei & Jiang by having a smaller size (SVL 60.1 mm, n= 11 males, 50.3 mm, n= 8 females vs. 74.9 mm, n= 10 males, 60.8 mm, n= 8 females in L. bannaensis), head broader than long (vs. head longer than wide in L. bannaensis), tips of toes blunt (vs. tips of toes expanded into discs in L. bannaensis), dorsal surface of tibia and foot with tubercles (vs. smooth in L. bannaensis), and males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. males with nuptial pad on fingers I and II in L. bannaensis); from L. coffeatus Phimmachak, Sivongxay, Seateum, Yodthong, Rujirawan, Neang, Aowphol & Stuart by having a larger size (SVL 60.1 mm, n= 11 males, 50.3 mm, n= 8 females vs. 37.9 mm, n= 1 male, 40.5 mm, n= 3 females in L. coffeatus), males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. absence in males of L. coffeatus), tympanum invisible (vs. visible in L. coffeatus), and the absence of W marking on head (vs. presence in L. coffeatus); from L. dabanus (Smith) by the absence of caruncle on head in males (vs. presence in L. dabanus), tympanum invisible (vs. visible in L. dabanus), toes fully webbed (vs. webbing formula I0–1/3II0–1/4III0–1IV1–0V in L. dabanus), and males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. absence in L. dabanus); from L. fastigatus by having a differrent odontoid processes shape (robust with very sharp tips vs. thin and elongated in L. fastigatus), nostril closer to tip of snout than to eye (vs. midway between snout tip and eye in L. fastigatus), and belly with brown flecking or vermiform markings in preservative (vs. creamy white in preservative in L. fastigatus); from L. fragilis (Liu & Hu) by having a head broader than long (vs. head longer than wide in L. fragilis), a greater ratio of HL/SVL and HW/SVL (HL/SVL=0.47, HW/SVL=0.48, n= 11 males and HL/SVL=0.44, HW/SVL=0.46, n= 8 females vs. HL/SVL=0.45, HW/SVL=0.42, n= 6 males and HL/SVL=0.42, HW/SVL=0.41, n= 10 females in L. fragilis), tibia length shorter than thigh length (vs. tibia length longer than thigh length in L. fragilis), and males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. absence in males of L. fragilis); from L. fujianensis Ye & Fei by having a head broader than long (vs. head longer than wide in L. fujianensis), a greater ratio of HL/SVL and HW/SVL (HL/SVL=0.47, HW/SVL=0.48, n= 11 males and HL/SVL=0.44, HW/SVL=0.46, n= 8 females vs. HL/SVL=0.45, HW/SVL=0.44, n= 20 males and HL/SVL=0.38, HW/SVL=0.37, n= 20 females in L fujianensis), males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. nuptial pad on Fingers I and II in L. fujianensis), and the absence of W marking on head (vs. presence in L. fujianensis); from L. gyldenstolpei (Andersson) by the absence of caruncle on head in males (vs. presence in L. gyldenstolpei), tympanum invisible (vs. visible in L. gyldenstolpei), toes fully webbed (vs. webbing formula I0–3/4II0–1III1/4–1IV11/2–0V in L. gyldenstolpei), and males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. absence in L. gyldenstolpei); from L. kiziriani by having larger size (SVL 60.1 mm, n= 11 males, 50.3 mm, n= 8 females vs. 54.1 mm, n= 13 males, 46.8 mm, n= 7 females in L. kiziriani), head broader than long (vs. longer than wide in L. kiziriani), a smaller ratio of TbL/TbW (TbL/TbW 2.31, n= 11 males and 2.40, n= 8 females vs. TbL/TbW 2.54, n= 13 males and 2.57, n= 7 females in L. kiziriani), and the absence of two dermal ridges parallel from posterior of eye to the end of shoulder (vs. presence in L. kiziriani); from L. hascheanus (Stoliczka) by having a larger size (SVL 60.1 mm, n= 11 males, 50.3 mm n= 8 females vs. 22.1 mm, n= 9 males, 23.0 mm, n= 9 females of L. hascheanus), the absence of dorsolateral folds (vs. presence in L. hascheanus), males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. absence in males of L. hascheanus), and tympanum invisible (vs. visible in L. hascheanus); from L. isanensis McLeod, Kelly & Barley by having a smaller size in males (SVL 60.1 mm, n=11 vs. 71.5 mm, n= 11 in L. isanensis), head broader than long (vs. head longer than wide in L. isanensis), dorsum and flank with tubercles (vs. absence in L. isanensis), and males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. nuptial pad on Fingers I and II in L. isanensis); from L. jarujini Matsui, Panha, Khonsue & Kuraishi by having a smaller size in males (SVL 60.1 mm, n=11 vs. 73.3 mm, n= 8 in L. jarujini), head broader than long (vs. head longer than wide in L. jarujini), length of fingers I<II (vs. fingers II=I in L. jarujini), and dorsum and flank with tubercles (vs. absence in L. jarujini); from L. khammonensis (Smith) by having a larger size in females (SVL 50.3 mm, n=8 vs. 37 mm, n= 1 in L. khammonensis) and tympanum invisible (vs. visible in L. khammonensis); from L. kohchangae (Smith) by having a larger size (SVL 60.1 mm, n= 11 males, 50.3 mm, n= 8 females vs. 35.9 mm, n= 21 males, 35.2 mm, n= 14 females of L. kohchangae), tympanum invisible (vs. visible in L. kohchangae) and males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. absent in L. kohchangae); from L. limborgi (Sclater) by having a larger size (SVL 60.1 mm, n= 11 males, 50.3 mm, n= 8 females vs. 33.0 mm, n= 30 males, 31.7 mm, n= 24 females of L. limborgi), the absence of dorsolateral folds (vs. presence in L. limborgi), males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. absence in males of L. limborgi), and tympanum invisible (vs. visible in L. limborgi); from L. liui (Yang) by having a larger size (SVL 60.1 mm, n= 11 males, 50.3 mm, n= 8 females vs. 35.7 mm, n= 3 males, 32.7 mm, n= 1 female of L. liui), tympanum invisible (vs. visible in L. liui), and dorsolateral fold absent (vs. present in L. liui); from L. longchuanensis Suwannapoom, Yuan, Sullivan & McLeod by having head broader than long (vs. head longer than wide in L. longchuanensis), males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. nuptial pad on Fingers I and II in L. longchuanensis), and dorsal ridges present (vs. absent in L. longchuanensis); from L. lauhachindai Aowphol, Rujirawan, Taksinum, Chuaynkern & Stuart by having a larger size (SVL 60.1 mm, n= 11 males, 50.3 mm, n= 8 females vs. 33.8 mm, n= 20 males, 35.2 mm, n= 4 females in L. lauhachindai), the absence of caruncle on head (vs. presence in L. lauhachindai), tympanum invisible (vs. visible in L. lauhachindai), and males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. absence in L. lauhachindai); from L. macrognathus (Boulenger) by having a larger size in males (SVL 60.1 mm, n=11 vs. 45.5 mm, n= 3 in L. macrognathus), the absence of caruncle on head (vs. presence in L. macrognathus), and tympanum invisible (vs. visible in L. macrognathus); from L. megastomias McLeod by having a smaller size (SVL 60.1 mm, n= 11 males, 50.3 mm in, n= 8 females vs. 80.2 mm, n= 22 males, 74.0 mm, n= 11 females), head broader than long (vs. head longer than wide in L. megastomias), dorsal surface of tibia and foot with tubercles (vs. smooth in L. megastomias), and males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. nuptial pad on Fingers I and II in L. megastomias); from L. nguyenorum by having a smaller ratio of HL/SVL (0.47, n= 11 males, 0.44, n= 8 females vs. 0.42–0.43, n= 2 males, 0.39–0.39, n= 2 females in L. nguyenorum), the head broader than long (vs. head longer than wide in L. nguyenorum), tibia shorter than thigh (vs. tibia longer than thigh in L. nguyenorum), males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. nuptial pad on Fingers I and II in L. nguyenorum), and the absence of two dermal ridges parallel from posterior of eye to the end of shoulder (vs. presence in L. nguyenorum); from L. poilani (Bourret) by having a smaller size (SVL 60.1 mm, n= 11 males, 50.3 mm, n= 8 females vs. 90.0 mm, n= 4 males, 80.2 mm, n= 6 females of L. poilani), head broader than long (vs. head longer than wide in L. poilani), tibia shorter than thigh (vs. tibia longer than thigh in L. poilani), tympanum invisible (vs. visible in L. poilani), and ventral surface of limbs and abdomen white with brown markings (vs. yellow in L. poilani); from L. quangninhensis Pham, Le, Nguyen, Ziegler, Wu & Nguyen by having a head broader than long (vs. head longer than wide in L. quangninhensis), tympanum invisible (vs. visible in L. quangninhensis), tibia shorter than thigh (vs. tibia longer than thigh in L. quangninhensis), toes fully webbed (vs. webbing formula I0–0II0–1/3III0–1/3IV1/2–0V in L. quangninhensis), and dorsal surface of tibia and foot with distinct tubercles (vs. small tubercles in L. quangninhensis); from L. taylori Matsui, Panha, Khonsue & Kuraishi by having a head broader than long (vs. head longer than wide in L. taylori), tympanum invisible (vs. slightly visible in L. taylori), length of fingers I<II (vs. fingers I=II in L. taylori), and the presence of dorsal ridges (vs. absence in L. taylori); from L. savan Phimmachak, Richards, Sivongxay, Seateun, Chuaynkern, Makchai, Som & Stuart by the absence of caruncle on head in males (vs. presence in L. savan), tympanum invisible (vs. visible in L. savan), relative length of toes I<II<V<III<IV (vs. I<II<V=III<IV in L. savan), and males with nuptial pad on Finger I (vs. absence in L. savan).Published as part of Pham, Cuong The, Do, Dang Trong, Le, Minh Duc, Ngo, Hanh Thi, Nguyen, Luan Thanh, Ziegler, Thomas & Nguyen, Truong Quang, 2020, A new species of Limnonectes (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Vietnam, pp. 387-402 in Zootaxa 4894 (3) on pages 390-398, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4894.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/431590
Nguyen Manh Cuong
No full text학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 국제대학원--국제경영학과,2006. 8Chapter I. Introduction 7
I. The motivation 7
II. Objectives 7
III. Research methodology and expected outcome of this thesis 8
Chapter II. Banking restructuring process in Korean before and after financial and monetary crisis 9
I. The fall of Korean banking system in Asian financial crisis 9
1. Overview of the Korean banking system 9
2. The analysis of the Korean banking crisis 17
The role of the Korean government in banking system reform 17
Poor performance of cheabols 19
The weak banking system 21
Careless financial liberalization 22
II. Banking reform in Korea 25
1. The actions of the Korean government 25
2. The results of the actions made by the Korean government 27
The use of public funds 27
Achievements 28
Chapter III. Banking reform in Vietnam: An important step to integrate into the world economy 32
I. Overview of the Vietnamese banking system 32
II. The analysis of the Vietnamese banking system 35
1. The close relationship among government, banks and state-owned company (SOE) ？ the main reason of bad NPLs burden 35
2. Other weaknesses of the Vietnamese banking system 40
The dependence of the SBV 40
Weak Capital Base 41
Regulatory and Operational Issues 42
III. Vietnamese banking reform process 43
1. Strong pressure on the banking system toward the world economy integration 43
2. The implementation of the banking reform 43
Chapter IV. Some sugessions in banking reform process in Vietnam: Lesson from the restructuring of the Korean banking system 45
I. Strengthen the transparency, creditability and soundness of the Vietnam Banking System 45
1. Regulatory and Operational Issues 45
2. Protecting Deposits and Moral Hazard 47
II. Resolution NPLs of the banks 47
1. Writing-Off from Reserves 47
2. Shareholder Capital Injection and Re-Capitalization 48
3. Merger and Acquisition 48
4. Re-Capitalization and Commercialization of State-Owned Commercial Banks 49
5. Liquidation 51
6. Reforms of the State-owned sector as well as develop the private sector 51
III. Other solutions 53
1. Investments in Human Capital 53
2. Strengthen Governance Structure and engage in Twinning Arrangements 53
Chapter V. Conclusion 55MasterABSTRACT
Vietnam is now on the way to access WTO and actively integrate into the global economy. To do so, Vietnam has to reform its economy to adapt the world-wide competition and meet the requirements for that integration. One of very important sector that must be reformed as soon as good is financial sector.
During nearly 20 of implementation ？Renovation？ process, known as doi moi, Vietnam has achieved significant successes in reforming its weak and inefficient financial system. Several big commercial banks were established and have been operated independently with State Bank of Vietnam. In addition to the state bank of Vietnam, there is a group of joint stock banks that are permitted to mobilize money and make loans. Recently, the stock market has been opened with two security stock exchange centers at the North and the South. Vietnamese government is also trying to improve its financial legal framework to create more favorable conditions for accelerating the financial sector reform process.
However, the financial system of Vietnam remains very thin. The percentage of non-performing debt in banking system, which is still dominated by state, is still considerable high. There was little consumer lending and few financial instruments were available. The secondary credit markets and reinsurance markets that server to offset uncertainty and risks in advanced economies were almost entirely absent. Therefore, the demand to reform the financial sector is extreme necessary, especially when this country is trying to be a member of WTO by the end of 2006. The government has implemented many programs, policies？to improve this financial sector from 1986 up to now. However, Vietnamese financial reform process is still a controversial issue that wastes a lot of ink and paper of many economists, policy makers？What steps should be taken to restructure the banking system? How and in what way to develop capital market effectively? What do the financial system must prepare to access WTO smoothly?
Korean financial crisis started from 1998 seriously devastated not only its financial system but also the whole economy. Right after that crisis, the Korean government has been carried you a wide range of resolutions to restructure its banking system individually and financial sector as a whole. Thanks to those resolutions, Korean economy gradually recovered and developed consistently. What are the lessons that Vietnam can learn or should not learn from Korean financial sector reform process? Based on Korean lesson, what should the Vietnamese government do to deal with all the above questions?
Based on those facts, the research named ？Banking reform in Vietnam: Lesson from restructuring banking system of Korea？ is aimed to find out useful experience of Korea in restructuring their banking system and then, make some comments, suggestions or solutions to what the Vietnamese government is doing in order to restructure and reform its financial system to be more competitive and effective
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