36 research outputs found
Volumetric ultrasound imaging: modeling of waveform inversion
No full textUltrasound imaging is widely used in medicine and nondestructive testing. Medical ultrasound volumetric
imaging can be considered as a competitive method to X-ray CT and MRI. Recent results in breast ultrasound
tomography provide spatial distribution of sound speed and attenuation coefficient based on inverse problem
solution in frequency domain. Breast tissue can be characterized as relatively homogeneous medium with
possible number of small diagnostically important target inhomogeneities (lesions). This paper is focused on
numerical model of complex structure with objects of different sizes and properties that can be met in medicine
or in various industrial or scientific cases. High resolution ultrasound imaging is sensitive to a number of effects
such as reverberation, diffraction and attenuation that can degrade image quality and cause the artifacts. Those
effects are investigated and eliminated by iterative waveform inversion performed in time domain for volumetric
visualization of objects’ structure and acoustic properties
THE PEDAGOGICAL NOVEL IN THE RUSSIAN CHILDREN LITERATURE OF THE SECOND THIRD OF THE XX CENTURY
No full textThe article analyzes the formal-substantive components of the pedagogical novels in Russian literature of the XX century - “The Republic SHKID” by G. Belykh and L. Panteleev, “Pedagogical poem” by A. Makarenko, “School of Dostoevsky” V.N. Soroky-Rosinskiy. The author points to an implicit dialogue between these writers, with the necessity makes the excursions to the more remote past of the Russian literature, to the history and development of pedagogy, discusses about the causes and forms of interaction between pedagogy and literature for children. The subjective and objective preconditions of the formation of different author’s aesthetic and pedagogical concepts are identified
Segmental Model for Comparing the Value of Organizations (Utility-based)
No full textThis paper presents a model for visualizing the organization’s activities based on the market value-to-sales ratio (utility coefficient), which is a segmented two-dimensional diagram (utility diagram). The aim of the study is to develop measures to improve the quality and effectiveness of management decisions taken to implement the principles of sustainable growth of a company’s capital value, considering the specifics of the business, with the identification of the optimal ratio of the structure of the balance of assets, costs and net profit with revenue, in order to find a compromise between the current value and development. The author used the following methods: financial ratios, statistical, balance, systematic and logical thinking, visual presentation. The results of the multivariate analysis indicate that there is a significant correlation between the utility and various ratios of financial reporting indicators for a representative sample of two hundred domestic and foreign companies. The article offers a model to assess the activities of organizations, including those not listed on the stock exchange, and correlate them using a matrix of key factors, according to their influence on the final cost of the business. The author concluded that the increase in the market value-to-sales ratio mainly depends on the profits of the asset, however, for different segments of the utility diagram, the influence of this factor is not the same. Effective strategies must be considered depending on the type of activity, then the productivity of solutions and their value for the market as a whole will increase significantly. The implementation of the model makes it possible to compare the dynamics of the activities of organizations with industry competitors for a selected period of time, at the strategic level to determine directions for increasing the utility coefficient, and in the future, it can be used as an alternative method for assessing the value of companies
Kokovtsov V.N.: life and work
No full textThis work describes life and activity of Vladimir Nikolaevich Kokovtsov, prime-minister (1911-1914) and minister of finance (1904-1905, 1906-1914) of the Russian Empire. In the history of the Russian Empire, of the USSR and of the Russian Federation, Kokovtsov was the only statesman to combine the position of minister of finance and of prime-minister. Though there are a number of works and several PhD theses devoted to Kokovtsov – a key actor of his time, a general evaluation of his personality and his influence on the economic development of Russia in the beginning of the 20th century is yet to be made. Filling this gap is the main goal of this work. The object of investigation is Kokovtsov’s political biography, his economic and financial policy, and his efforts to reasonably limit military expenditures.
The work is based on both personal materials left by Vladimir Kokovtsov (memoirs, letters), and official documents. Several archived materials – memos on financial matters of military defense made up by Kokovtsov – are published for the first time. The author verifies authenticity of the sources and confirms or refutes some facts presented by Kokovtsov using an array of modern methods of historical science including the principle of historicism, principle of classification, comparative-historical method, and some others. Beyond doubt, Vladimir Nikolaevich Kokovtsov was an outstanding statesman. He was not a politician in the traditional sense. On the contrary, he served his country as an “honest bureaucrat”. Steadfast observation of laws, honesty, efficient financial policy, love for Russia – all these characteristics describe his personalit
Kokovtsov V. N.: life and activity
No full textThis work describes life and activity of Vladimir Nikolaevich Kokovtsov, prime-minister (1911-1914) and minister of finance (1904-1905, 1906-1914) of the Russian Empire. In the history of the Russian Empire, of the USSR and of the Russian Federation, Kokovtsov was the only statesman to combine the position of minister of finance and of prime-minister. Though there are a number of works and several PhD theses devoted to Kokovtsov – a key actor of his time, a general evaluation of his personality and his influence on the economic development of Russia in the beginning of the 20th century is yet to be made. Filling this gap is the main goal of this work. The object of investigation is Kokovtsov’s political biography, his economic and financial policy, and his efforts to reasonably limit military expenditures.
The work is based on both personal materials left by Vladimir Kokovtsov (memoirs, letters), and official documents. Several archived materials – memos on financial matters of military defense made up by Kokovtsov – are published for the first time. The author verifies authenticity of the sources and confirms or refutes some facts presented by Kokovtsov using an array of modern methods of historical science including the principle of historicism, principle of classification, comparative-historical method, and some others. Beyond doubt, Vladimir Nikolaevich Kokovtsov was an outstanding statesman. He was not a politician in the traditional sense. On the contrary, he served his country as an “honest bureaucrat”. Steadfast observation of laws, honesty, efficient financial policy, love for Russia – all these characteristics describe his personality
Novel hydrophilic galactose-conjugated chlorin e6 derivatives for photodynamic therapy and fluorescence imaging
No full textDark and Photoinduced Cytotoxic Activity of the New Chlorophyll-a Derivatives with Oligoethylene Glycol Substituents on the Periphery of Their Macrocycles
No full textIn the present work, we investigated the dark and photoinduced cytotoxic activity of the new chlorophyll-a derivatives which contain the substituents of oligoethylene glycol on the periphery of their macrocycles. These compounds were tested using human cell lines to estimate their potential as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cancer. It was shown that all the tested compounds have expressed photoinduced cytotoxic activity in vitro. Detailed study of the biological activity of one of the most perspective compound in this series—pyropheophorbide-a 17-diethylene glycol ester (Compound 21) was performed. This new compound is characterized by lower dark cytotoxicity and higher photoinduced cytotoxicity than previously described in a similar compound (DH-I-180-3) and clinically used PhotolonTM. Using fluorescent microscopy, it was shown that Compound 21 quickly penetrates the cells. Analysis of caspase-3 activity indicated an apoptosis induction 40 min after exposure to red light (λ = 660 nm). The induction of DNA damages and apoptosis was shown using Comet assay. The results of expression analysis of the stress-response genes indicate an activation of the genes which control the cell cycle and detoxification of the free radicals after an exposure of HeLa cells to Compound 21 and to red light. High photodynamic activity of this compound and the ability to oxidize biomolecules was demonstrated on nuclear-free mice erythrocytes. In addition, it was shown that Compound 21 is effectively activated with low energy 700 nm light, which can penetrate deep into the tissue. Thus, Compound 21 is a prospective substance for development of the new drugs for photodynamic therapy of cancer
Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging for Personalized Brain Tumor Resection: Current State and Future Directions
No full textabstract: Introduction: Fluorescence-guided surgery is one of the rapidly emerging methods of surgical “theranostics.” In this review, we summarize current fluorescence techniques used in neurosurgical practice for brain tumor patients as well as future applications of recent laboratory and translational studies.
Methods: Review of the literature.
Results: A wide spectrum of fluorophores that have been tested for brain surgery is reviewed. Beginning with a fluorescein sodium application in 1948 by Moore, fluorescence-guided brain tumor surgery is either routinely applied in some centers or is under active study in clinical trials. Besides the trinity of commonly used drugs (fluorescein sodium, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and indocyanine green), less studied fluorescent stains, such as tetracyclines, cancer-selective alkylphosphocholine analogs, cresyl violet, acridine orange, and acriflavine, can be used for rapid tumor detection and pathological tissue examination. Other emerging agents, such as activity-based probes and targeted molecular probes that can provide biomolecular specificity for surgical visualization and treatment, are reviewed. Furthermore, we review available engineering and optical solutions for fluorescent surgical visualization. Instruments for fluorescent-guided surgery are divided into wide-field imaging systems and hand-held probes. Recent advancements in quantitative fluorescence-guided surgery are discussed.
Conclusion: We are standing on the threshold of the era of marker-assisted tumor management. Innovations in the fields of surgical optics, computer image analysis, and molecular bioengineering are advancing fluorescence-guided tumor resection paradigms, leading to cell-level approaches to visualization and resection of brain tumors.View the article as published at http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fsurg.2016.00055/ful
Сегментарная модель сопоставления стоимости организаций (полезность деятельности)
No full textThis paper presents a model for visualizing the organization’s activities based on the market value-to-sales ratio (utility coefficient), which is a segmented two-dimensional diagram (utility diagram). The aim of the study is to develop measures to improve the quality and effectiveness of management decisions taken to implement the principles of sustainable growth of a company’s capital value, considering the specifics of the business, with the identification of the optimal ratio of the structure of the balance of assets, costs and net profit with revenue, in order to find a compromise between the current value and development. The author used the following methods: financial ratios, statistical, balance, systematic and logical thinking, visual presentation. The results of the multivariate analysis indicate that there is a significant correlation between the utility and various ratios of financial reporting indicators for a representative sample of two hundred domestic and foreign companies. The article offers a model to assess the activities of organizations, including those not listed on the stock exchange, and correlate them using a matrix of key factors, according to their influence on the final cost of the business. The author concluded that the increase in the market value-to-sales ratio mainly depends on the profits of the asset, however, for different segments of the utility diagram, the influence of this factor is not the same. Effective strategies must be considered depending on the type of activity, then the productivity of solutions and their value for the market as a whole will increase significantly. The implementation of the model makes it possible to compare the dynamics of the activities of organizations with industry competitors for a selected period of time, at the strategic level to determine directions for increasing the utility coefficient, and in the future, it can be used as an alternative method for assessing the value of companies.В работе предложена модель визуализации деятельности организации по соотношению рыночной стоимости к выручке (коэффициенту полезности), представляющая собой сегментированную двухмерную диаграмму (диаграмму полезности). Цель исследования — разработка мер повышения качества и результативности принимаемых управленческих решений в направлении реализации принципов поступательного роста стоимости капитала компании с учетом специфики бизнеса, с выявлением оптимального соотношения структуры баланса активов, статей затрат и чистой прибыли с выручкой для поиска компромисса между текущей ценностью и развитием. Автором использованы следующие методы: финансовых коэффициентов, статистический, балансовый, системного и логического мышления, визуального представления. В результате проведенного многофакторного анализа выявлена значимая корреляция между полезностью и различными соотношениями показателей финансовой отчетности репрезентативной выборки двухсот отечественных и зарубежных компаний. Предложена модель, которая позволяет проводить оценку деятельности организаций, в том числе не котируемых на бирже, и соотносить их посредством матрицы ключевых факторов в соответствии с приоритетом их влияния на конечную стоимость бизнеса. Сделан вывод о том, что увеличение отношения капитализации к выручке преимущественно зависит от прибыльности актива, однако для разных сегментов диаграммы полезности влияние данного фактора неодинаково. Эффективные стратегии необходимо рассматривать, соотнеся их с видом деятельности, тогда продуктивность решений и их ценность для рынка в целом значительно возрастут. Реализация модели позволяет сопоставить за выбранный период времени динамику деятельности организаций с отраслевыми конкурентами, на стратегическом уровне определить направления по увеличению коэффициента полезности, а в перспективе может быть использована в качестве альтернативного метода оценки стоимости компаний
