1,720,953 research outputs found
“Vårt overskudd er noen andres overlevelsesgrunnlag”: En casestudie av styringsmekanismer og utfordringer ved kostnadseffektivisering i Avinor AS
Get PDFAvinor er en offentlig aktør som skal være selvfinansiert gjennom Avinormodellen. Dette innebærer at overskuddet fra de fire største lufthavnene i Norge skal subsidiere de resterende 39 flyplassene. I 2018 la Riksrevisjonen fram en undersøkelse av Avinor og selskapets eier, Samferdselsdepartementet, som påpekte en kostnadsøkning i virksomheten (Riksrevisjonen, 2018). På tross av forsøk på å redusere kostnadsbasen, er Avinor under et stadig press for å effektivisere driften ytterligere. Studiens formål er å få innsikt i Avinors styringsmekanismer og utfordringer ved kostnadseffektivisering, gjennom følgende problemstilling: Hvilke styringsmekanismer og utfordringer kan oppstå når Avinor AS ønsker å gjennomføre kostnadseffektivisering?
Studien baseres på en kvalitativ, deskriptiv casestudie av Avinor, basert på dybdeintervju med ni informanter fra konsernledelsen samt ledere ved det operative nivået. Dette er supplert med en dokumentstudie. For å få et helhetlig perspektiv på Avinors økonomistyring anvendes tre ulike rammeverk for å besvare problemstillingen; Simons (1995) Levers of Control, betingelsesteori, og institusjonell teori. Førstnevnte suppleres med teori om tillitsstyring, da empirien viser at tillit er en viktig styringsmekanisme i Avinor, som ikke nevnes eksplisitt i rammeverket. Vi finner dermed at tillit kan supplere Simons (1995) forståelse. Videre finner vi at Avinor bruker ulike styringsmekanismer innen samtlige av Simons’ (1995) kontrollspaker. Studien avdekker dynamiske spenninger mellom trossystemet og barrieresystemet, og mellom diagnostiske og interaktive styringssystem. Vi finner at top-down styringsmekanismer er dominerende som følge av et statlig eierskap, samt plikten til å opprettholde sikkerhet og stabilitet. Bruk av slike styringsmekanismer lar konsernledelsen overvåke måloppnåelse og bremse uønskede handlinger, uten at disse krever overdreven involvering eller ressurser. Overvekten av top-down styring medfører likevel utfordringer i form av suboptimale skyvekamper av kostnader, og et smalt gjenstående handlingsrom for ytterligere kostnadseffektivitet. Videre finner vi at Avinor har en divisjonalisert og sentralisert struktur som resulterer i trege endringsprosesser. Studien avdekker også andre utfordringer, herunder potensielt eksternt omdømmetap, prioritering av interessenter, intern motstand på lufthavnene og lokale tilpasningsproblemer. Vi finner at et legitimitetsbehov, usikkerhet i omgivelsene samt begrensede skaleringsmuligheter kan forklare disse utfordringene.Avinor is a public actor that is self-financed through the Avinor model. This means that the profits from the four largest airports in Norway subsidize the remaining 39 airports. In 2018, The Office of the Auditor General of Norway presented an investigation into Avinor and the company's owner, the Ministry of Transport, which pointed out a cost increase in the organization (Riksrevisjonen, 2018). Despite attempts to reduce the cost base, Avinor is under constant pressure to make operations more efficient. The purpose of this study is to gain insight into Avinor's control mechanisms and management challenges in attempts of cost-efficiency, through the following problem statement: Which control mechanisms and challenges can arise when Avinor AS wants to carry out cost-efficiency?
The study is based on a qualitative, descriptive case study of Avinor, through in-depth interviews with nine informants from group management and managers from the operative level. This is supplemented by a document study. In order to get a holistic perspective on management control in Avinor, three different frameworks are utilized to answer the problem statement; Simons (1995) Levers of Control, Contingency Theory, and Institutional Theory. The former is supplemented with theory on trust management, as the empirical evidence shows that trust is an important control mechanism in Avinor, which is not explicitly mentioned in the framework. We thus find that trust can supplement Simons’ (1995) understanding. Furthermore, we find that Avinor uses different control mechanisms within all of Simons' (1995) levers of control. The study reveals dynamic tensions between the belief system and the boundary system, and between diagnostic and interactive management control systems. We identify a dominance of top-down control mechanisms due to state ownership, as well as the duty to maintain security and stability. Using such mechanisms allows group management to monitor performance and avoid unwanted actions, without excessive involvement or resources. The dominance nevertheless entails management challenges such as suboptimal pushing of costs, and a narrow remaining room for maneuver to be cost-efficient. Furthermore, we find that Avinor has a divisionalized and centralized structure which leads to inertia. The study also identifies other challenges, including potential loss of external reputation, prioritization of stakeholders, internal resistance at the airports, and local adaptation problems. We find that a need for legitimacy, uncertainty in the environment and limited scaling possibilities can explain these challenges
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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