1,993 research outputs found
Ask questions, get sales : close the deak and create long-term relationships / Stephan Schiffman.
No full textIncludes index.v, 168 pages ;In Ask Questions, Get Sales, the author and sales guru Stephan Schiffman helps readers boost their careers to the gold-medal level by teaching them how to strengthen their questioning skills during the sales process. The premise is simple yet effective: In order to be successful, salespeople need to change their mindset from "need-orientated" to "do-orientated". The message of the book centers around six core "do" questions: What do you do? How do you do it? When and where do you do it? Why do you do it that way? Who do you do it with? How can we help you do it better? With this indispensable guide in their briefcase, salespeople will have information at the ready to score big sales over the short term and the long term
Unemployment Benefits and Unemployment Rates of Low-Skilled and Elder Workers in West Germany: A Search Equilibrium Approach
No full textApproach Author & abstract Download 16 References 1 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Launov, Andrey ([email protected]) (University of Kent) Wolff, Joachim ([email protected]) (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg) Klasen, Stephan ([email protected]) (University of Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract In this paper we investigate whether the extension of the entitlement to unemployment benefits in the mid 80s can explain the increase in the unemployment rates of unskilled and elder workers in western Germany. To answer this question we estimate a version of the Burdett-Mortensen search equilibrium model and analyze how workers’ search behaviour responded to these reforms. We try both nonparametric and fully-parametric estimation methods and identify the cases in which the nonparametric approach cannot be applied. We find that the entitlement reforms are largely responsible for the increase of unemployment among unskilled workers
Unemployment Benefits and Unemployment Rates of Low-Skilled and Elder Workers in West Germany: A Search Equilibrium Approach
No full textApproach Author & abstract Download 16 References 1 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Launov, Andrey ([email protected]) (University of Kent) Wolff, Joachim ([email protected]) (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg) Klasen, Stephan ([email protected]) (University of Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract In this paper we investigate whether the extension of the entitlement to unemployment benefits in the mid 80s can explain the increase in the unemployment rates of unskilled and elder workers in western Germany. To answer this question we estimate a version of the Burdett-Mortensen search equilibrium model and analyze how workers’ search behaviour responded to these reforms. We try both nonparametric and fully-parametric estimation methods and identify the cases in which the nonparametric approach cannot be applied. We find that the entitlement reforms are largely responsible for the increase of unemployment among unskilled workers
Measuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data
No full textMeasuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data Author & abstract Download & other version 16 References 4 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Katja Landau (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Stephan Klasen (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Walter Zucchini (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract We investigate the accuracy of ex ante assessments of vulnerability to income poverty using cross-sectional data and panel data. We use long-term panel data from Germany and apply di fferent regression models, based on household covariates and previous-year equivalence income, to classify a household as vulnerable or not. Predictive performance is assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which takes account of false positive as well as true positive rates. Estimates based on cross-sectional data are much less accurate than those based on panel data, but for Germany, the accuracy of vulnerability predictions is limited even when panel data are used. In part this low accuracy is due to low poverty incidence and high mobility in and out of poverty
Measuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data
No full textMeasuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data Author & abstract Download & other version 16 References 4 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Katja Landau (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Stephan Klasen (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Walter Zucchini (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract We investigate the accuracy of ex ante assessments of vulnerability to income poverty using cross-sectional data and panel data. We use long-term panel data from Germany and apply di fferent regression models, based on household covariates and previous-year equivalence income, to classify a household as vulnerable or not. Predictive performance is assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which takes account of false positive as well as true positive rates. Estimates based on cross-sectional data are much less accurate than those based on panel data, but for Germany, the accuracy of vulnerability predictions is limited even when panel data are used. In part this low accuracy is due to low poverty incidence and high mobility in and out of poverty
Postmortem diagnostics using MSCT and MRI of a lethal streptococcus group A infection at infancy: a case report.
No full textPostmortem cross-sectional imaging using multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was considered as a base for a minimal invasive postmortem investigation in forensic medicine such as within the Virtopsy approach. We present the case of a 3-year-old girl with a lethal streptococcus group A infection and the findings of postmortem imaging in this kind of natural death. Postmortem MSCT and MRI revealed an edematous occlusion of the larynx at the level of the vocal cords, severe pneumonia with atelectatic parts of both upper lobes and complete atelectasis of both lower lobes, purulent fluid-filled right main bronchus, enlargement of cervical lymph nodes and pharyngeal tonsils, and additionally, a remaining glossopharyngeal cyst as well as an ureter fissus of the right kidney. All relevant autopsy findings could be obtained and visualized by postmortem imaging and confirmed by histological and microbiological investigations supporting the idea of a minimal invasive autopsy technique
Evaluation of in-store processes related to returnable packaging services offered in grocery stores - the store management perspective
No full textAuthor Stephan LehnerMasterarbeit Universität Linz 202
Evaluation of in-store processes related to returnable packaging services offered in grocery stores - the store management perspective
No full textAuthor Stephan LehnerMasterarbeit Universität Linz 202
Chemokine microenvironment in primary central nervous system lymphoma
No full textPrimary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are aggressive extranodal malignancies confined to the central nervous system (CNS), mostly of diffuse large B cell histotype. Despite improved understanding of the malignant B cells, little is known on the tumor microenvironment and on the response of the adaptive immunity against PCNSL. The majority of B-cell lymphomas, including PCNSL originate from germinal center (GC) B cells. The GC is the main source of memory B cells and plasma cell generation, which produce high affinity antibodies and are necessary to protect us against invading microorganisms. However, the beneficial role of GC B cells in immunity is counterbalanced by their detrimental role in lymphomagenesis. Germinal center B cells express a distinct set of chemokine receptors, which regulate their migration and positioning during and after germinal center reaction. Similar to centrocytes and centroblasts, malignant B cells derived from germinal centers can retain a particular set of chemokine receptors, which allows them to respond to their cognate ligands expressed in the microenvironment. Therefore investigation of lymphocyte chemoattractants in secondary lymphoid organs as well as in extranodal lymphomas does not only improve our understanding of B cell trafficking within secondary lymphoid organs, but also helps us understanding tumor cell distribution and dissemination of malignant B cells as well as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Gene expression analysis has previously shown, that malignant B cells in PCNSL resemble late germinal center B cells and express classical B cell chemokine receptors. This work focuses on the chemokine microenvironment and the potential role of bystander cells in PCNSL and their effects on malignant B cells as well as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. The project includes four major sections: 1. Analysis of the expression of B cell attracting chemokines under normal and inflammatory conditions in human secondary lymphoid organs. 2. Analysis of T and B cell attracting chemokines in extranodal CNS lymphomas, 3. Analysis of type, density and localization of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in PCNSL, 4. Analysis of the effect of coexpressed chemokines in PCNSL on the migratory responses of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and malignant B cells. We show by immunhistochemistry and in-situ hybridization, that there is a specific expression pattern of homeostatically expressed chemokines CXCL12, CXCL13 and CCL21 in normal, non-inflamed human secondary lymphoid organs. Under inflammatory conditions, the expression pattern of macrophage- derived CXCL12 and follicular dendritic cell- derived CXCL13 within the germinal center changes significantly. Within the germinal center, macrophage-derived CXCL12 and follicular dendritic cell-derived CXCL13 build a meshwork in which germinal center B cells reside. While CXCL13 shows a clear gradient between the dark and the light zone of the germinal center in human secondary lymphoid tissue, we could not detect a clear gradient for CXCL12 between the two zones. Analysis of CXCL12 and CXCL13 in primary central nervous system lymphoma showed an expression pattern similar to the one in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. In addition, we identified a fraction of CXCL13-expressing lymphocytes in PCNSL. CXCL13-expression is a hallmark of germinal center T cells known as follicular T helper cells (TFH), which provide help to germinal center B cells. Yet, the majority of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in PCNSL are CD8+ T cells, which show Granzyme B activity and vigorous proliferation. Tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells show a higher frequency in the perivascular areas of small and intermediate vessels in PCNSL. They accumulate in areas with high expression of the inflammatory chemokine CXCL9. Perivascular CXCL9 is upregulated by perivascular macrophages and pericytes under inflammatory conditions in the CNS, indicating an important role for pericytes and perivascular macrophages in the recruitment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Moreover, CXCL9 and CXCL12 are coexpressed on the tumor vasculature within PCNSL and can form heterocomplexes. Our in-vitro experiments show, that in the presence of CXCL9, CXCL12-induced migration is enhanced not only on CXCR4+/CXCR3+/CD8+ T cells but also on CXCR4+/CXCR3- malignant B cells. Our findings indicate, that malignant B cells in PCNSL may encounter a germinal-center like chemokine environment, which traps malignant B cells within the CNS. In addition, our results reveal the presence of a strong chemoattractant stimulus in the perivascular microenvironment, which might serve as regulator for the recruitment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and for the angiocentric positioning of malignant B cells in the perivascular cuff
Postmortem non-invasive virtual autopsy: death by hanging in a car.
No full textA body was found behind a car with a noose tied around its neck, the other end of the rope tied to a tree. Apparently the man committed suicide by driving away with the noose tied around his neck and was dragged out of the car through the open hatchback. postmortem multislice-computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated that the cause of death was cerebral hypoxia due to classic strangulation by hanging, and not due to a brainstem lesion because of a hang-man fracture as would be expected in such a dynamic situation. Furthermore, the MRI displayed intramuscular haemorrhage, bleeding into the clavicular insertions of the sternocleidomastoid muscles and subcutaneous neck tissue. We conclude that MSCT and MRI are useful instruments with an increased value compared with 2D radiographs to augment the external findings of bodies when an autopsy is refused. But further postmortem research and comparing validation is needed
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