41 research outputs found
Malocclusions and quality of life : cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in children
No full textThere are few longitudinal studies of the prevalence of malocclusions
and possible self-correction of malocclusions during the development
of the dentition. Early intervention might be unnecessary if self-
correction of the malocclusion occurs during the transition from the
primary to the permanent dentition. Most studies are cross-sectional
and in those of longitudinal design, the results are inconsistent and
difficult to interpret.
Malocclusions may or may not influence the quality of life in
children and adolescents. Thus, evaluations of the influence of
different malocclusions on quality of life will certainly underpin a
broader understanding and knowledge about how malocclusions
affect the daily life of young patients. This information may also be
important when it comes to assessing the most appropriate time for
starting orthodontic treatment, not only from a professional point
of view, but also, most importantly, from the patients’ perspective.
The overall aim of this thesis was therefore to evaluate the
prevalence of malocclusions, and to document changes occurring
during the development of the dentition, from the primary dentition
stage at age 3, through the mixed dentition at age 7, to the early
permanent dentition at age 11.5 years. Further aims were to review
the current state of knowledge about the impact of malocclusions
on oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) and to investigate
how malocclusions affect the quality of life in a cohort of children,
aged 11.5 years, whose dental care is provided by the Swedish Public
Dental Service
Malocclusions and quality of life [Elektronisk resurs] : cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in children
No full textThere are few longitudinal studies of the prevalence of malocclusionsand possible self-correction of malocclusions during the developmentof the dentition. Early intervention might be unnecessary if self-correction of the malocclusion occurs during the transition from theprimary to the permanent dentition. Most studies are cross-sectionaland in those of longitudinal design, the results are inconsistent anddifficult to interpret.Malocclusions may or may not influence the quality of life inchildren and adolescents. Thus, evaluations of the influence ofdifferent malocclusions on quality of life will certainly underpin abroader understanding and knowledge about how malocclusionsaffect the daily life of young patients. This information may also beimportant when it comes to assessing the most appropriate time forstarting orthodontic treatment, not only from a professional pointof view, but also, most importantly, from the patients’ perspective.The overall aim of this thesis was therefore to evaluate theprevalence of malocclusions, and to document changes occurringduring the development of the dentition, from the primary dentitionstage at age 3, through the mixed dentition at age 7, to the earlypermanent dentition at age 11.5 years. Further aims were to reviewthe current state of knowledge about the impact of malocclusionson oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) and to investigatehow malocclusions affect the quality of life in a cohort of children,aged 11.5 years, whose dental care is provided by the Swedish PublicDental Service.</p
I skuggan av en borg. Vardag och fest på Krapperups gods 1881-1995
No full textABSTRACT
Ph.D. dissertation at University of Gothenburg, Sweden, 2014
Title: I skuggan av en borg. Vardag och fest på Krapperups gods 1881–1995
English title: In the shadow of a castle. Everyday life and parties at the Krapperup Estate in
1881–1995
Author: Lillemor Nyström
Language: Swedish, with an English summary
Department: Department of Cultural Sciences, Box 200, SE-405 30 Göteborg
In the shadow of a castle. Everyday life and parties at the Krapperup Estate in 1881–1995
The purpose of this study is to problematize and analyze the everyday work as well as the
celebrations which was held for the employees of the goods and the gentry’s own celebrations.
The transformation from an entailed estate, with many employees and manual agricultural gear,
to a modern agriculture with few employees as depicted over a long period of time. The Estate
is also a cultural centre and distributes research grants. The dissertation is based on archival
material and interviews with 33 informants, 17 men and 16 women born between 1904 and
1978. A documentary film recorded on Krapperup in the early 1940s is also used.
Krapperups estate, located in the north-west Scania, originating in the 1400 century. The
estate was founded in 1755 and the Foundation was formed in 1967. Around 60 underlying
tenant farms belonging to the estate.
The theoretical part is based on Bruno Latour’s thoughts about the world as indivisible,
where the whole is the sum of the parts. This means that materiality, non-human actants, are
equivalent to human actants. This approach makes the scenes can be created by events that
played out on the castle and on the farm. Even Irving Goffman’s approach has contributed to
the creation of the scenes. To analyze the gentry flavor has Pierre Bourdieu and his concept
of habitus has been used. The thesis shows how hierarchies, power and resistance looked
like and also shows that a change over time occurred regarding the coexistence of family
Gyllenstierna and staff.
Both men and women worked as farm labourers but the women were referred to the simple
and manual gear, never mechanized tool. They was milking the cows as long as the estate don’t
invested in milking machines but when the do they instead had to washing the milk vessels
and feeding the animals. Not until 1970s the woman was aloud to drive a power mower.
Keywords: Estate, Krapperup, entailed estate, foundation, downstairs/upstairs, parties,
Gyllenstierna, gentlefolk, farm labourer, in-kind wage, class, gender, power, resistance,
actor-network-theory, ANT, black box, translation, network.
312 pp. Language: Swedish, with an English summary
Dept. of Cultural Sciences / University of Gothenburg / P.O. Box 100 / SE-405 20 Göteborg
© Lillemor Nyström / ISBN 978-91-628-9066-
Population ecology and biology of the invasive stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in New Jersey and Pennsylvania
No full textHalyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an Asian species that has become widely distributed in the Mid-Atlantic States since its confirmed introduction in 1996. Initially, there was confusion regarding the proper identification of H. halys leading to a 5 year period where H. halys populations went unchecked, until its correct identification by E. R. Hoebeke in 2001. One concern with invasive species is that population densities can be higher in the introduced environment due, in part, to release from natural enemies or lack of host plant resistance. In its native distribution, H. halys has a wide host range and is considered a pest of agricultural crops. Life-history surveys and laboratory developmental rate studies revealed that H. halys is univoltine in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, requiring 538DD to complete development. Females emerging from diapause require an additional 148DD prior to oviposition, during which time, they utilize apple and pear trees. Surveys in ornamentals, tree fruit, and soybean demonstrate that H. halys has become the predominant species of stink bug in these commodities, outnumbering native pentatomid species. Sampling demonstrates that while beat or sweep net sampling provides population estimates and seasonality, blacklight traps are a valuable tool to monitor adult dispersal. Monitoring for stink bugs often employs the use of traps baited with an aggregation pheromone that is attractive to all life stages. The large yellow pyramid traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z) 2,4,6-decatrientoate aggregation pheromone caught the most H. halys than other trap designs, especially in late-August to mid-September when imaginal ecdysis of the 1st generation adults occurs. Results show that at commercial farms, H. halys is present during the susceptible growing stages in apple, pear, and soybean, causing minimum of 25.9% injured fruit per tree. Laboratory insecticidal bioassays, primarily pyrethroid and neo-nicotinoids, were evaluated against H. halys. Pyrethroid and neo-nicotinoids caused high mortality at low concentrations. Males were significant less susceptible than females for thiomethoxam, but this was not evident for the other chemicals tested. The results demonstrate that H. halys has become well established in the Mid-Atlantic Region and there is a need for the development of control programs.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-116)
Spontaneous space closure in patients treated with early extraction of the first permanent molar : a retrospective cohort study using radiographs
No full textOBJECTIVES: To assess the success rate of spontaneous space closure after extraction of the first permanent molar (FPM) in the maxilla and the mandible, and to identify the factors that make spontaneous space closure most favorable in each. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective records-based cohort study was conducted through a search of the database of the Public Dental Service, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, for young adults born between 2000 and 2001, who underwent extraction of one or more FPM between 2006 and 2016. A total of 995 extracted teeth were identified, of which 203 teeth in 155 patients met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Of the 203 extracted teeth, 166 (81.8%) did not receive any orthodontic treatment. The success rate for space closure in orthodontically treated patients was 91.9%. The success rate for spontaneous space closure was 84.3%. All unsuccessful spontaneous space closure in the maxilla occurred in patients older than 12 years. The dental developmental stage of the second permanent molar (SPM) had a statistically significant association with spontaneous space closure in the mandible (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The success rate of spontaneous space closure was high (84.3%) and was higher in the maxilla (94.1%) than the mandible (74.1%). Age at time of extraction and dental developmental stage of the SPM were significant factors for successful spontaneous space closure in the maxilla and mandible, respectively
Malocclusions in children at 3 and 7 years of age : a longitudinal study
No full textThe aim of this longitudinal study was to compare the prevalence of malocclusion at ages 3 and 7 years in a sample of children, exploring the hypothesis that prevalence of malocclusion is higher at 3 than at 7 years of age and may be influenced by sucking habits. The study sample comprised 386 children (199 girls and 187 boys), aged 3 years at study start, sourced from three Public Dental Service clinics in Sweden. Malocclusion was diagnosed by clinical examination, using a specific protocol. Data on allergy, traumatic injuries, sucking habits, and breathing pattern including nocturnal breathing disturbances were obtained by means of a questionnaire answered by child and parent in conjunction with the initial and final clinical examination. The overall prevalence of malocclusion decreased significantly, from 70 to 58% (P < 0.0001): predominantly anterior open bite, excessive overjet, and Class III malocclusion. Although high rates of spontaneous correction were also noted for deep bite, Class II malocclusion and posterior and anterior crossbites, new cases developed at almost the same rate; thus, the prevalence was unchanged at the end of the observation period. Anterior open bite and posterior crossbite were the only conditions showing significant associations with sucking habits. The results confirm the hypothesis of higher prevalence of malocclusion at 3 years of age and clearly support the strategy of deferring orthodontic correction of malocclusion until the mixed dentition stage
Do different maxillary expansion appliances influence the outcomes of the treatment?
No full textBackground and objectives: There is no consensus in the literature regarding which rapid maxillary expansion (RME) design or activation rate benefits the patients the most. Therefore, the primary aim of this systematic review was to see whether there is a difference in the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of different RME appliances in children and growing adolescents. The secondary aim was to see whether these effects are different when using different activation protocols for these appliances. Data collection and analysis: The search was done in three databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science). The following inclusion criteria were used: randomized controlled trial, prospective controlled studies, 15 or more patients in each study, human subjects up to 18 years of age, and RME effects had to be assessed by computed tomography/cone beam computed tomography. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Quality of the methodology was classified according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines as high, moderate, or low. Results: The search resulted in 145 titles and abstracts; 109 of them were excluded based on pre-established criteria. Thirty-six full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 18 of which satisfied the inclusion criteria. Finally, seven articles were deemed eligible for full inclusion and revealed that all appliances and protocols showed significant expansion in the mid-palatal suture. No evidence was found for the cause of dental tipping. Limitations: In this systematic review, having different age groups in each study and using different anatomical landmarks and outcome measures for assessing the skeletal and dental effects made it difficult to conduct a meta-analysis. Conclusions: There is moderate evidence that all designs produce significant expansion at the mid-palatal suture. However, lack of studies comparing appliances and protocols has been found. Finally, no evidence-based conclusions could be drawn about the appliance effect on teeth tipping.</p
The impact of malocclusion on the quality of life among children and adolescents : a systematic review of quantitative studies
No full textBackground: Among child and adolescent patients, persistent but untreated malocclusions may or may not have psychological and social impacts on the individual's quality of life.Objectives: To gain knowledge of malocclusions and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL), we conducted a systematic review of quantitative studies for evidence regarding the influence of malocclusions on OHRQOL in children and adolescents.Materials and methods: Five databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Psychinfo, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library) were searched using specified indexing terms. The following inclusion criteria were used: child or adolescent study population; healthy study participants without syndromes such as cleft lip/palate or severe illness; no previous or ongoing orthodontic treatment among participants; a focus on malocclusions and quality of life; controlled or subgrouped according to malocclusions/no malocclusions; malocclusions and/or orthodontic treatment need assessed by professionals using standardized measures; self-assessed OHRQOL estimated using validated questionnaire instruments; full-text articles written in English or Scandinavian languages. Quality of evidence was classified according to GRADE guidelines as high, moderate, or low.Results: The search produced 1142 titles and abstracts. Based on pre-established criteria, the full-text versions of 70 articles were obtained, 22 of which satisfied the inclusion criteria. After data extraction and interpretation, six publications were deemed eligible for full inclusion. All six were of cross-sectional design, and the quality of evidence was high in four cases and moderate in the remaining two. The four studies with a high level of quality reported that anterior malocclusion had a negative impact on OHRQOL, and the two with a moderate level of quality reported that increased orthodontic treatment need had a negative impact on OHRQOL.Conclusion: The scientific evidence was considered strong since four studies with high level of quality reported that malocclusions have negative effects on OHRQOL, predominantly in the dimensions of emotional and social wellbeing.</p
The impact of malocclusion on the quality of life among children and adolescents : a systematic review of quantitative studies
No full textBackground: Among child and adolescent patients, persistent but untreated malocclusions may or may not have psychological and social impacts on the individual's quality of life. Objectives: To gain knowledge of malocclusions and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL), we conducted a systematic review of quantitative studies for evidence regarding the influence of malocclusions on OHRQOL in children and adolescents. Materials and methods: Five databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Psychinfo, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library) were searched using specified indexing terms. The following inclusion criteria were used: child or adolescent study population; healthy study participants without syndromes such as cleft lip/palate or severe illness; no previous or ongoing orthodontic treatment among participants; a focus on malocclusions and quality of life; controlled or subgrouped according to malocclusions/no malocclusions; malocclusions and/or orthodontic treatment need assessed by professionals using standardized measures; self-assessed OHRQOL estimated using validated questionnaire instruments; full-text articles written in English or Scandinavian languages. Quality of evidence was classified according to GRADE guidelines as high, moderate, or low. Results: The search produced 1142 titles and abstracts. Based on pre-established criteria, the full-text versions of 70 articles were obtained, 22 of which satisfied the inclusion criteria. After data extraction and interpretation, six publications were deemed eligible for full inclusion. All six were of cross-sectional design, and the quality of evidence was high in four cases and moderate in the remaining two. The four studies with a high level of quality reported that anterior malocclusion had a negative impact on OHRQOL, and the two with a moderate level of quality reported that increased orthodontic treatment need had a negative impact on OHRQOL. Conclusion: The scientific evidence was considered strong since four studies with high level of quality reported that malocclusions have negative effects on OHRQOL, predominantly in the dimensions of emotional and social wellbeing
