1,720,955 research outputs found
EVALUAREA TEHNOLOGIILOR MEDICALE NONINSULINICE - ASPECTELE ETICE
No full textOBJECTIVES. Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is a tool which measures the benefit of a new technology compared to existing ones. Unavoidably ethical issues within HTA should also be addressed especially in cases of very expensive technologies and need of prioritization. Noninsulin health technologies for treatment of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DMT2) present such an example. METHODS. A methodology developed by Hofmann and team and based on the Socratic approach was used with the original validated questionnaire including 7 main and 33 explanatory questions with respect to HTA. RESULTS. DMT2 is a chronic disease. Basic human rights shall not be violated during the treatment. Issues of fairness and accessibility are distinguished due to the different price of therapeutic alternatives. Risk of inadequate diagnostics and treatment as about 25% of people in need of therapy are not diagnosed. The cost of health technologies has an impact on the image and status of individuals because people receiving treatment that is more expensive have better health prospects. Ethical challenges are related to the criteria for accessibility imposed by the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF). These technologies have been selected for assessment due to the immense socio-economic importance of the disease and the expected increase in its incidence. CONCLUSION. The main identified ethical problems are within the areas of autonomy of the physician when prescribing the appropriate therapeutic agent, physician-patient relationships in the course of disease therapy and fairness and accessibility of health technology when allocating resources. Keywords: Ethical aspects, Socratic approach, Health technology assessmentOBIECTIVE: Evaluarea Tehnologiilor Medicale (ETM) este un instrument care măsoară beneficiile unei noi tehnologii în comparație cu cele existente. În mod inevitabil, aspectele etice din cadrul ETM ar trebui și ele să fie abordate, mai ales în cazul unor tehnologii foarte costisitoare și atunci când este necesară prioritizarea problemelor. Tehnologiile medicale noninsulinice al Diabetului Zaharat de tip 2 (DZ TIP 2) reprezintă un astfel de exemplu. METODOLOGIE: A fost utilizată o metodologie dezvoltată de Hofmann și colaboratorii, bazată pe abordarea Socratică împreună cu chestionarul inițial validat, cuprinzând 7 întrebări principale și 33 de întrebări explicative cu privire la ETM. REZULTATE: DZ TIP 2 este o boală cronică. Drepturile fundamentale ale omului nu trebuie să fie încălcate în timpul tratamentului. Aspectele de echitate și accesibilitate se disting datorită prețului diferit al alternativelor terapeutice. Riscul de diagnostic și tratament inadecvat este de aproximativ 25% pentru persoanele care au nevoie de terapie dar nu sunt diagnosticate. Costul tehnologiilor medicale are un impact asupra imaginii și statutului indivizilor, deoarece persoanele care primesc tratament mai scump au perspective mai bune de sănătate. Provocările etice sunt legate de criteriile de accesibilitate impuse de Fondul Național de Asigurări de Sănătate (FNAS). Aceste tehnologii au fost selectate pentru evaluare datorită importanței socio-economice mari a bolii și a creșterii așteptate a incidenței acesteia. CONCLUZII: Principalele aspecte etice identificate sunt în domeniul autonomiei medicului atunci când prescrie agentul terapeutic corespunzător, a relațiilor medic-pacient în cursul terapiei bolii și a echității și accesibilității tehnologiei medicale atunci când se alocă resurse. Cuvinte cheie: Aspecte etice, abordarea Socratică, Evaluarea tehnologiilor medical
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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