1,720,978 research outputs found
Accumulating Attributes (for Doaitse Swierstra‚ on his retirement)
Full text linkDoaitse has always been enthusiastic about attribute grammars, seeing them even where most people don't. While I was writing up my DPhil thesis, he explained to me where they were in that too. This paper is by way of belated thanks for that perspective - and as a more general rendering of the observation, with the benefit of hindsight and twenty years of progress
En route to safer roads. How road structure and road classification can affect road safety.
Full text linkAtze Dijkstra investigated whether road safety can be improved by making changes in road structure and road categorization according to the functional requirements of Sustainable Safety. One of these demands is that the fastest route is also the safest route. This is often not the case in practice. The results of this research will make it possible to check in the planning and design phases of a road network to which extent it will meet the Sustainable Safety requirements. Several (new) types of research methods and safety indicators were used to answer these questions. The road network has been analysed using the so-called (adapted) Integrated Network Design method. The safety aspects of routes have been determined using three safety indicators: a route score which describes the safety of a route (DV score), the number of conflicts that has been calculated in a microsimulation model (calculated conflicts), and the number of registered crashes. The number of calculated conflicts has a quantitative relation with the number of crashes, and the number of conflicts has a quantitative relation with the route score. Indirectly, through the number of conflicts, there is a relation between the DV score and the number of crashes. The DV score is therefore relevant for road safety research. In a study area, several routes with the same origin-destination relation have been investigated. The comparison of their DV scores shows that, among other things, the fastest route and the most chosen route do not always have the best scores. The safety of the routes that were travelled has afterwards also been calculated using crash rates. This indicates that the fastest routes are significantly less safe than the safest routes. These results are dependent on the given network in the study area. Adaptation of the network can change the results. The present study shows that presently the safest route often fails to be also the fastest route. Because drivers usually choose the fastest route, the author recommends developing policy to ensure that the fastest route is also the safest route
Behavioural Profiling of Cycling and Walking in Nine European Cities
Full text linkTo ensure cities’ livability, a significant modal shift from car use towards more sustainable modes of transportation, such as walking and cycling, is required. To establish such a modal shift, a better understanding is needed of the psychological components that affect people’s likelihood of shifting to active transport modes. To this end, a behavioural survey was conducted among more than 2000 respondents across nine European cities in four countries. Using factor and cluster analysis, two groups of respondents are identified that have common determinants of their variations in intentions to shift to active transport modes, i.e., a “pro-cycling” cluster (55.6% of the respondents) and a “non-pro-cycling” cluster (44.4%). The findings highlight the intrinsically different nature of walking and cycling as transport modes, underlining the importance of distinguishing walking and cycling policies. The main obstacle to cycle more frequently is perceived traffic safety. Therefore, the main priority should be the improvement of traffic safety. The most important obstacle hindering more frequent walking is time. Hence, reducing travel time, for instance, by creating shortcuts for pedestrians and denser and more diversified urban areas will be an important strategy. Future research could extend this research to cities in other countries and regions. By repeating the survey periodically, changes in people’s motivations and perceived barriers can be analysed over time
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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