1,721,082 research outputs found
P-gp Transporter and its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases
No full textThis paper describes an overview of recent insights concerning some socially relevant neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's (HD) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob's (CJD) diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and epilepsy. For each pathological state, the direct and/or indirect involvement of Pglycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transport is underlined. On this basis, P-gp still represents an innovative target which can offer new tools for the development of more effective and preventive therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders. For each of them, therefore, a possible use of drugs affecting P-gp transport activity has been suggeste
Oxidative stress, mitochondrial abnormalities and proteins deposition: multitarget approaches in Alzheimer's disease
Full text linkAlzheimer diseases (AD) is a multifactorial pathology characterized by a complex etiology. The hallmarks of AD, such as Aβ deposits in senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), are strongly intertwined with reactive oxygen species (ROS)production and oxidative stress (OS),which are considered the common effectors of the cascade of degenerative events. An increasing body of evidence reveals that both mitochondrial abnormalities and metal accumulations synergistically act as major producers of ROS, thus contributing to neuronal toxicity. Consequently, the detrimental role of ROS production together with the neurodegenerative events involved in AD has been widely investigated as new potential therapeutic strategies. This review will concisely summarize the link between OS and the hallmarks of AD, emphasizing on their strong correlation with neurodegenerative events and elucidating the pivotal role of ROS in AD pathology. Furthermore, through this review, we will provide a short account of some of the efforts, challenges and opportunities in developing multitarget drugs by addressing ROS production, metal accumulation and protein depositions
Enhanced Nutraceutical Properties of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Extract by Olive Leaf Enrichment
Full text link(1) Background: Nowadays, the health-promoting properties of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), including the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, are well recognized and mainly attributed to the different polyphenols, such as oleocanthal and oleacein. In EVOO production, olive leaves represent a high value by-product, showing a wide spectrum of beneficial effects due to the presence of polyphenols, especially oleuropein. Here we report the study of olive leaf extract (OLE)-enriched EVOO extracts, obtained by adding different percentages of OLE to EVOO in order to ameliorate their nutraceutical activities. (2) Methods: The polyphenolic content of the EVOO/OLE extracts was analyzed by HPLC and the Folin-Ciocalteau assay. For further biological testing, an 8% OLE-enriched EVOO extract was chosen. Therefore, antioxidant effects were evaluated by three different methods (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), and the anti-inflammatory properties were assessed in terms of cyclooxygenase activity inhibition. (3) Results: The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory profiles of the new EVOO/OLE extract are significantly improved compared to those of EVOO extract; (4) Conclusions: The combination of OLE and EVOO extract can lead to an extract enriched in terms of bioactive polyphenols and endowed with better biological properties than the singular EVOO extract. Therefore, it may represent a new complement in the nutraceutical field
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Antiarrhythmic activity of a new spiro-cyclic benzopyran activator of the cardiac mitochondrial ATP dependent potassium channels
No full text‘Compound A’ (4ı-(N-(4-acetamidobenzyl))-2,2-
dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-5ıH-spiro[chromene-4,2ı-[1,4]oxazinan]-
5ı-one) is a new spiro-cyclic benzopyran activator of
the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels
(mitoKATP). We researched the effect of compound A on
ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced ventricular arrhythmias.
We also tested the hypothesis that the application of
the activation of mitoKATP in combination with the inhibition
of sarcolemmal ATP-dependent potassium channels
(sarcKATP) may produce a stronger antiarrhythmic effect.
In anesthetized rats, myocardial ischemia was performed
by ligating the left main coronary artery followed by
reperfusion. At a dose of 10 mg/kg, compound A significantly
decreased arrhythmia scores and the total length of
arrhythmias, whereas this was found to be ineffective at a
dose of 3 mg/kg. Pre-treatment with 5-HD, a selective
mitoKATP blocker, abolished the antiarrhythmic effect of
compound A. Both diazoxide, a selective mitoKATP opener
and HMR 1098, a selective sarcKATP blocker, significantly
decreased the total length of arrhythmias. However, the
combination of neither diazoxide nor compound A with
HMR 1098 showed no additional therapeutic benefit. These
results reveal that compound A may have a dose-dependent
antiarrythmic effect, which is more pronounced than the
antiarrhythmic effect of diazoxide. The antiarrhythmic effect of compound A may possibly depend on mitoKATP
activation
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Synthesis and pharmacological activity of new nitric-oxide-donating antihypertensive drugs (NO-Sartans)
No full text- …
