1,721,006 research outputs found
The influence of COVID-19 Mortality Rate Formats on Emotional Reactions, Risk perception, and self-protective Behavioral Intentions
No full textWe investigated whether different Mortality Rate Formats used to express the same objective probability affected people's Emotional reactions, Risk perception, and protective behavioral intentions. A sample from the Italian population (N = 604) was exposed to six different formats (i.e. Absolute value; Raw ratio; 1 in X; Verbal; Percentage; Probability) to report the mortality rate of COVID-19 in a between-subject design. In line with expectations, the Probability format led to lower emotional reactions compared to all the other formats. Moreover, results from a path analysis revealed that emotional reactions predicted risk perception. The Mortality Rate Formats also had an indirect effect on Behavioral Intentions to protect oneself, which was mediated by emotional reactions and risk perception. The effect sizes of these indirect effects ranged from small to medium. The direct effect of risk on intentions was found to differ among two dimensions of risk. Affective Risk led to higher Behavioral Intentions, while Deliberative Risk had the opposite effect. We discuss these results in line with the ongoing debate regarding the role played by risk scientists during the pandemic and offer practical implications for risk management during health crises like COVID-19
Return to work after maternity leave: the role of support policies on work attitudes of women in management positions
Full text linkPurpose. This study is intended to expand our knowledge on the processes through which work-family policies relate to work-family conflict as well as work-related attitudes among women in management positions returning to work after maternity leave. Design. Two-hundred and thirty-eight women in management positions who recently have returned to work after maternity leave completed a self-report questionnaire. Findings. Results show that the availability of policies was either directly or indirectly positively related to work attitudes among female managers. Also, findings show that work-family conflict partially mediates the relationship between the availability of communication and psychological support and flexible time management policies with work engagement, and policy availability moderates the relationship between work-family conflict and work engagement. Originality/value. Managers have a crucial role in conveying the value of work-family policies and in creating a culture supporting the management of work and family. By investigating the processes underlying the role of work-family policies in influencing work attitudes of women in managerial positions, this study sheds light on how the awareness of the available policies might be an important determinant of work-related well-being and organizational commitment
The implementation of the theory of planned behavior in an agent-based model for waste recycling: A review and a proposal.
No full textIn the near future, the waste management sector is expected to reduce substantially the adverse effects of garbage on the environment. However, the increasing complexity of the current waste management systems makes the optimization of the waste management strategies and policies challenging. For this reason, waste prevention is the most desirable goal to achieve. Despite this, low levels of household recycling represent the key factor that complicates the current scenario. Keeping this in mind, the present work investigates the determinants of recycling behavior through the development of an agent-based model. Particularly, we examined what would induce households to increase the probability to engage in recycling behaviors on the base of the individual attitude and sensitivity to social norms. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has been implemented as agents’ cognitive model in environmental studies with the aim to predict recycling outcomes. Furthermore, in order to increase the realism of the simulation and the adherence of the model with the theory, we followed two strategies: firstly, we used real data to model a city district (Diong, Internship Report: Integrated Waste Management in Kaohsiung City, 2012). Secondly, we made use of the coefficients of the structural equation model presented in the work by Chu and Chiu (J Appl Soc Psychol 33(3):604-626, 2003) to build the agents’ cognitive model. As a whole, the results are in line with literature on descriptive social norms. Furthermore, the results indicate that the introduction of descriptive social norms represents a valuable strategy for public policies to improve household recycling: however, injunctive social norms are needed first
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Compassion and Prosocial Behavior. Is it Possible to Simulate them Virtually?
No full textIn the field of artificial intelligence, a question dealing with computer and cognitive science is arising and becoming more and more crucial: Can we design agents so sophisticated that they are capable of mimicking emotional behaviors in general as well as specific emotions like compassion or empathy? Despite the production of different computational models, their integration with cognitive and psychological theories remains a central problem. Reasons are both methodological and theoretical. Primarily, it is difficult to quantify the impact of such factors as individual differences, inclinations and personality traits. In addition, Agent-Based Models (ABMs) often use linear dynamics, even in describing emotions, without considering the basis of psychophysics. Bearing in mind this and focusing on compassion as a particular emotion, the paper aims to present a “Decalogue” for those interested in designing agents capable of mimicking human emotional behaviors. In the paper, compassion will be translated as prosocial behavior
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Psychological processes underlying organizational reward management. The role of perceived organizational support and effort–reward management.
No full textIn this chapter, we propose a conceptual integration of perceived organizational support and effort–reward imbalance within organizational reward management. In order to deepen our understanding of the dynamic interplay between the psychological factors underlying the effectiveness of implemented reward strategies, we suggest perceived organizational support and effort–reward imbalance as two key dimensions to be considered when approaching reward policy design. We highlight the need to consider the interplay between individual perceptions of reward and efforts to account for their dynamic influence on perceived organizational support. In turn, we argue that the latter is likely to be linked to the effectiveness of reward policies. We also explore how individual and organizational factors may represent antecedents and function as mediators in reward management implementations
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Impact of Occupational Rewards on Risk Taking Among Managers
Full text linkManagers often have to deal with the financial and ethical risks that companies face. Evidence from risk management research suggests a negative relationship between people’s age and risk taking tendencies. Within such a framework, the present contribution examines how different perceived occupational rewards may mediate or interact with the relationship between age and risk taking of managers at the company level. Our results show that perceived rewards in terms of job security partially mediate the relationship between age and ethical risk taking, while perceived rewards related to job promotion moderate the effect of age on financial risk taking. We further discuss the role of different organizational strategies to preserve an organization’s health
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