1,720,971 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Réflexions autour de l’« humanitarisation » des politiques et des études migratoires : le cas de l’Italie
No full textInternational audienceDans le domaine de la gouvernance des migrations, on assiste en Italie à une forme de substitution idéologique du paradigme utilitariste au profit du paradigme sécuritaire et de celui sous-tendu par la notion de « gouvernement humanitaire ». L’« humanitarisation » des politiques migratoires — qui renvoie au processus par lequel les enjeux migratoires sont abordés principalement sous l’angle humanitaire, c’est-à-dire en se concentrant sur la protection des droits fondamentaux et sur les besoins immédiats des immigrés récemment arrivés — implique un puissant mouvement de dépolitisation de la question migratoire, en ce sens que plusieurs de ses dimensions fondamentales sont reléguées au second plan. Dans cet article, je montrerai tout d’abord que la logique humanitaire et ses acteurs jouent aujourd’hui un rôle central au sein des dispositifs gouvernementaux de gestion des migrations et qu’ils contribuent à leur dépolitisation. Ensuite, j’étudierai la manière dont le prisme humanitaire s’impose au sein d’une partie de la littérature scientifique italienne. Enfin, je présenterai les principaux effets politiques de ce phénomène d’« humanitarisation » et de dépolitisation de la question migratoire : essentialisation des catégories de migrants, occultation du racisme, disparition progressive de la thématique du travail des migrants comme enjeu politique, et invisibilisation des luttes des personnes immigrées
The "dirty work" of integration. Labor and racism in the volunteer programs for asylum seekers in Italy
No full textLes dispositifs d'exclusion et d'expulsion des personnes étrangères « indésirables » composent le volet le plus visible et médiatisé des politiques migratoires européennes. Pourtant elles n'en sont pas leur unique composante. Sont également élaborées par les pouvoirs publics des stratégies afin de promouvoir l'intégration des migrant.e.s dans la société d'installation. L'intégration ainsi planifiée apparaît bien souvent comme une forme d'inclusion subordonnée, infériorisante et sous conditions. Soumise à des critères de mérite, d'utilité et de performance, elle révèle la place subalterne assignée à certains groupes d'immigré.e.s, tout en contribuant activement au « maintien dans la différence » de ceux-ci. Cette thèse a pour objet d'étude une politique d'intégration spécifique : les programmes de bénévolat pour demandeurs et demandeuses d'asile qui se sont diffusés en Italie depuis 2014. Les activités bénévoles prescrites concernent principalement des tâches de nettoyage des rues et d'entretien des espaces verts. Elles sont conçues comme un instrument pour lutter contre l'« inactivité » des étrangers et étrangères accueilli.e.s dans les centres d'hébergement, et pour améliorer leur image stigmatisée auprès de la population italienne majoritaire. Au croisement de plusieurs champs (sociologie du travail, sociologie des migrations et du racisme) et en s'appuyant sur une enquête ethnographique réalisée dans plusieurs villes de la péninsule, cette thèse explore les liens entre l'engagement bénévole des demandeurs et demandeuses d'asile, leur condition précaire et minoritaire, fabriquée par les politiques migratoires et par les rapports sociaux racistes. Elle s'intéresse également à la mise en oeuvre concrète des programmes de bénévolat, en se penchant sur les dynamiques de division et de visibilisation du travail, mais aussi sur les interactions entre les différent.e.s acteurs et actrices impliqué.e.s. Elle analyse enfin les relations subjectives que les migrant.e.s entretiennent avec les activités gratuites ainsi que les usages pluriels et les résistances qu'ils et elles développent pour faire face à l'injonction au bénévolat.The mechanisms of exclusion and expulsion of "undesirable" foreigners are the most visible and mediatized aspect of European migration policies. However, they are not their only component. Strategies are also developed by public authorities, to promote the integration of migrants in the society of settlement. Integration, planned in this way, often appears as a form of subordinate, inferiorizing and conditional inclusion. Subject to criteria of merit, expediency and performance, integration processes reveal the subaltern position assigned to certain groups of migrants, while actively contributing to their "maintenance in a regime of difference". This thesis aims to study a specific integration policy: the volunteer programs for asylum seekers, programs that have been spreading in Italy since 2014. The prescribed volunteer activities mainly concern street cleaning and the upkeep of green spaces. These activities are conceived as an instrument to fight against the "inactivity" of foreigners hosted in shelters, and to improve their stigmatized image among the Italian population. At the intersection of several fields (sociology of work, sociology of migration and racism) and based on an ethnographic survey carried out in several cities of the peninsula, this thesis explores the connections between the voluntary commitment of asylum seekers, and their precarious condition as minorities, manufactured by migration policies and racist social relations. The thesis also focuses on the concrete implementation of volunteer programs - looking at the dynamics of division and visibility of work - as well as on the interactions between the different actors involved. Finally, it analyzes the subjective relations that migrants have to unpaid activities, as well as the multiple uses and resistances they develop in order to cope with the injunction to volunteer work
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Gouverner les déchets urbains: Public et privé dans le service des ordures ménagères à Bologne (1890-2002)
No full textInternational audienceThis article traces a century of institutional change in the urban cleaning service in the Italian city of Bologna. The study highlights the complex relationship between the public and private sectors in the sector between the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twenty-first, based on an analysis of the various companies involved, the reforms of the technical network and the organisation of work. Three periods are examined here: the period from the birth of the service at the end of the nineteenth century until its “municipalization” after the Second World War; the phase of innovations and crises that occurred between the 1970s and the 1990s; and the period of the 1990s and 2000s, characterized by the end of the municipalizzata and the tortuous creation of a joint-stock company. This reconstruction enables us to place the contemporary processes of environmentalization and commodification of waste within a long history, in which local political balances appear to be central.Cet article retrace un siècle de transformations institutionnelles du service de propreté urbaine dans la ville italienne de Bologne. L’étude met en lumière les rapports complexes entre le public et le privé dans le secteur entre la fin du XIXe siècle et le début du XXIe siècle, à partir de l’analyse des différentes sociétés actives, des réformes du réseau technique et de l’organisation du travail. Trois périodes sont ici étudiées : la période allant de la naissance du service à la fin du XIXe siècle jusqu’à sa « municipalisation » après la Seconde Guerre mondiale ; la phase des innovations et des crises intervenues entre les années 1970 et les années 1990 ; la période des années 1990 et 2000, caractérisée par la fin de la municipalizzata et par la tortueuse création d’une société par actions. Cette reconstruction permet d’inscrire les processus contemporains d’écologisation et de marchandisation des déchets dans une histoire longue, au sein de laquelle les équilibres politiques locaux apparaissent centraux
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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