1,720,957 research outputs found
Occupational Balance among Parents of Typically Developing Children and Parents of Children with Disabilities Living in Qatar
Get PDFParents of children with disabilities are often not the focus of intervention in occupational therapy practice although they are known to spend more time meeting the needs of their children and report poor occupational balance. The aim of the dissertation study was to compare the occupational balance among parents of children with disabilities and parents of typically developing children and to find, if any, significant predictors of occupational balance. The secondary objective was to investigate if there was any association between occupational balance and family quality of life. To fully understand the multiple perspectives of occupational balance and the factors associated with it, existing literature was reviewed at the commencement of the dissertation study. A cross-sectional observational comparison design was used. There were 178 participants and 89 parents of children with disabilities attending occupational therapy clinics in two major hospitals in Qatar and another 89 parents of typically developing children from the staff and relatives of the same hospital were recruited through convenience sampling. Sample size was estimated from a pilot study with 30 participants. The participants filled the occupational balance questionnaire, Family Quality of Life Survey–2006 and an investigator-developed demographic survey. Both Arabic and the English-speaking parents were recruited, collection forms were made available in English and Arabic. Before the commencement of the dissertation study, the occupational balance questionnaire was translated from English to Arabic.Independent t tests, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the occupational balance scores of parents of children with disabilities were statistically significantly lower than parents of typically developing children. A statistically significant, weak to moderate relationship was found between occupational balancescores and family quality of life scores, Finally, regression analyses showed that role satisfaction,spousal support, number of children under 5 years of age, difficulty finding help, and satisfaction with health care were significant personal predictors of occupational balance in addition to presence of a child with disability in the family. Parents of children with disabilities are a risk group for experiencing low occupationalbalance, and occupational therapists working with such parents must routinely address these issues in their practice to facilitate better family quality of life
Poster Session - Use of photographs in the study of occupations
No full textIntent: The intent of this presentation is to continue the dialogue in the field of occupational science regarding the use of photographs in the study of occupations and occupational implications. Photographs can be regarded as arts personifying the photographer-artist or as records displaying reality, but meaning-making is a dynamic interaction between the photographer, viewer, and the photograph whereby meaning is actively constructed and not passively received (Schwartz, 1989). Photographs could be used as an adjunct for other methods of data collection, such as interviews, surveys, or questionnaires as a resource for eliciting more information through language, which in turn serve as data to be analyzed and reported or could be used as data in their own right (Harrison, 2002). Based on a review of three research methods that use photographs, namely Photoelicitation Interview, Photovoice, and Layered analysis of photographic content in addition to author’s preliminary experience, use of photographs in studying mundane occupations, studying the properties of occupation in their own right, and addressing occupational injustice will be discussed.
Argument: Noting the struggle in the definition of occupation, Fox (2015) suggested scholarship to understand the fundamental properties of occupation. Hocking (2009) called for the study of occupations in their own right. With their ability to stimulate deeper discussions about taken-for- granted daily occupations, photographs are especially valuable in the study of various properties of daily occupations and explore meanings associated with their implications. (Hartman, Mandich, Magalhães, & Orchard, 2011).
The concept of occupational injustice, which originated in occupational science and accepted as a domain of occupational therapists is closely associated with social injustice and Photovoice method, which positions itself as the apt method to address social injustice can be used effectively to address occupational injustice.
Importance to occupational science: Occupational science concerns itself with the study of occupations and addressing issues resulting from the effects of occupations. Photographs can be a valuable tool in research of occupational science concepts.
Conclusion: Analysis of three visual research methods that use photographs and the nature of occupations provides insights regarding the usefulness of photographs in understanding the properties of occupations that are mundane and uniquely meaningful to the individual, to address occupational injustice, and to understand occupations in their own right.
Objectives for discussion period Ethical considerations in the use of photographs in research Practical limitations of using photographs in research, ways to overcome barriers
Keywords
Photographs, Occupations, Visual research method
Occupational balance from a clinical perspective
No full textBACKGROUND: Occupational balance is a central concept in occupational therapy and is commonly defined as an individual's perception of having the right amount and variety of occupations in daily life. This individualistic and subjective nature of occupational balance brings with it certain challenges when applied in practice. The aim of this discussion paper is to highlight the challenges associated with the lone application of individualistic occupational balance in practice situations, and propose some way forward.METHODS: The Meleis' Theory to Practice to Theory strategy was used. Practice-based vignettes were used as a point of departure to discuss these challenges. This was followed by theorising the importance of including the others' perceptions of a person's pattern of daily occupations.CONCLUSION: Besides a goal of increasing a person's occupational balance in clinical practice, striving towards creating a suitable pattern of daily occupations from a community perspective also seems to be a relevant goal.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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