128,829 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Devlin P. Morals and Contemporary Social Reality / trans. from Engl. A. B. Didikin, O. A. Radchenko
No full textIn the seventh and final chapter of his «The Enforcement of Morals», P. Devlin
elaborates on a several of arguments for his polemic with H. L. A. Hart on issues
of the relationship between law and morals. Based on the recommendations of the
Wolfenden Committee which proposed a radical reform of English criminal law in
the direction of decriminalizing a few of criminally punishable offences with immoral
content, Devlin notes their extreme contradiction in terms of protecting the values
of public morals. The chapter also criticizes the key arguments of J. S. Mill’s doctrine
of the balance of liberty and state coercio
Lord devlin on the politics of enforcing morality
No full textThe purpose of this thesis is to explore Lord Devlin's approach to the
enforcement of morals. The morals in question are those which are widely
recognized as being held in common by particular groups of people and
constitutes the morality of the society to which they belong. The enforcement is
that coercion which society is able to bring to bear upon the individual, above
and beyond that which inheres naturally in a social morality. Lord Devlin argues
that the enforcement of this morality is not in any way dependent upon a moral
appraisal of the morality itself: a consideration of its moral fitness for
enforcement. Such considerations are rejected by Devlin as being an unacceptable manner of governing the enforcement of a society's morality. His critics, arguing the opposite, have attempted to show that, for various reasons, it is not
acceptable for government to defer in such an uncritical fashion to the morality
it is attempting to enforce. However, Devlin's critics tend to exaggerate and
misinterpret the principle which underlies his approach to the enforcement of
morals. They falsely assume that Devlin sees value in nothing other than the
enforcement of a society's morality. In reality, Devlin believes that many values
may need to be balanced against this one. This is the essence of a practical or
political approach to the enforcement of morals, and it can only succeed if society
is entitled to exclude from its politics certain considerations: those which deny
that the enforcement of a society's morality has no value independent of the
other values with which it competes. Devlin's focus on the politics of the
enforcement of morality has certain similarities with the more contemporary
concern of some with moral neutrality in politics.Arts, Faculty ofPolitical Science, Department ofGraduat
Moral Goals and Legal Coercion: Philosophical and Legal Arguments of Patrick Devlin
No full textThe paper analyzes the arguments of the British jurist P. Devlin on the possibility
of ensuring the achievement of moral goals by legal means. The views of P. Devlin
and his debate with H. L. A. Hart gave rise to deep discussions on the relationship
between moral and legal prescriptions in legislation and the search for moral
grounds for legal norms and practice of its application. The paper also reconstructs
P. Devlin’s arguments on the specifics of the application of the principle of harm
compensation in assessing actions that contradict public moralit
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Morals and the enforcement of values : an analysis of the Hart - Devlin debate
No full textThis thesis attempts to discover out of the debate between Lord Devlin and H.L.A. Hart the theoretical basis of decision-making in cases where there is a conflict between individual moral freedom and social control. It is structured in the form of an analysis of the debate between Devlin and Hart concerning the principles for and against the enforcement of morality. There are five main chapters of the thesis and a short conclusion. The first chapter, headed The Hart-Devlin Debate , introduces and summarises Devlin\u27s answers and Hart\u27s criticism to the first two hypothetical questions which Devlin addresses to himself, namely, (1) Has society the right to pass judgement at all on matters of morals?, (2) If society has the right to pass judgement, has it also the right to use the weapon of the law to enforce it? It analyses Devlin\u27s attempt to rationally convert the descriptive proposition that the majority have power to enforce morality to the normative proposition that society ought to enforce morality. There is an observation that the co-existing right of individual freedom is not debated by rational argument. The second chapter under the heading The Common Morality and the Feelings Test sets out the feelings test as expounded by Devlin as a means to determine which rules of morality ought to be enforced. There is a specified list of the qualifications to the feelings test which Hart overlooks for the most part. However I reach the conclusion that it is difficult to authoritatively interpret these qualifications or to give them any substance. Discussion then centres around Hart\u27s objections that the feelings test is an abdication of reason and a source of potential injustice. These objections are not sufficient basis for rejecting the feelings test. The third chapter, called Moral Paternalism , attempts to isolate the difference in the views of Hart and Devlin by analysis of Hart\u27s phrase morality as such. Hart creates an artificial distinction between paternalism and enforcement of positive morality, thereby attempting to explain which moral rules ought to be enforced by assigning these two labels. My conclusion is that the only rational distinction lies in the availability of empirical evidence to prove physical harm and non-availability of empirical evidence to prove moral harm. Hart has a stricter onus of proof than Devlin when it comes to proving harm to the individual. However, it is difficult to sustain the distinction of physical and non-physical harm as the basis for decisions which we “want” to make. The distinction is rendered impotent in practice by finding elements of harm to society in the action of the individual and thereby justifying enforcement of morals by using Mill\u27s principle of liberty. Concepts of private and public harm are easily used to cloak the real basis of the decision. My conclusion is that the real difference between the views of Hart and Devlin, behind all the principles, is a difference of value-preference. The fourth chapter, under the heading Value Difference between Hart and Devlin discusses the possible reasons for the differing value preferences. It questions whether value preferences can ultimately be traced to prevalent social conditions. There has always been historical debate concerning the mysterious balance between individual freedom and social control. In order to assist in identifying the personal values of Hart and Devlin, their respective theories are viewed in terms of three traditional intellectual antinomies. These antinomies involve the problem of choosing between (a) Public authority or a Platonic elite (b) Individualism or collectivism (c) Reason or faith; intellect or intuition Both Hart and Devlin stand in definite historical intellectual positions and their theories can be compared to the writings of numerous legal and political philosophers. I agree with those writers who argue that a conflict between two ultimate values cannot be settled by reason. Can we argue that Hart\u27s value preference for individual freedom in moral matters is subject to question due to modern social conditions? The fifth chapter is given the name The Irreversible Disaster Argument. This section analyses Devlin\u27s original argument that society has the right to preserve its common morality. Justification of this argument is attempted in terms of the right of society to prevent \u27\u27irreversible disaster. This is an attempt to derive a guiding principle from an extreme fact situation in order to assist to decide the deadlocked values. In times of emergency or threatened disaster, the value of individual freedom ought to he subordinated to other values. An analogy is drawn between Devlin\u27s arguments for the preservation of morality and current arguments for the preservation of the environment. However Devlin\u27s arguments for the enforcement of morality, even in terms of the principle of irreversible disaster, can be met by several unanswerable objections. A short attack is made on Devlin\u27s theory by a similar device of applying the theory to a possible interpretation of modern social conditions. However this criticism does not enable us to subordinate Devlin\u27s value-preference either. The conclusion is that Hart and Devlin have different value-preferences and their pronounced theoretical principles only dress these preferences with the garb of rationality. Ultimately they are only able to state the theories which they develop to support their personal values and cannot explain why
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
No full textNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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