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PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL SELEDRI (Apium graveolens) TERHADAP GLUKOSA DARAH PUASA (GDP), HOMA-IR DAN EKSPRESI GLUT-4 OTOT RANGKA (STUDI PADA HEWAN COBA)
Full text linkLatar Belakang : Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global yang menjadi penyebab utama kematian di negara berkembang. Patogenesis DM meliputi abnormalitas pada sekresi insulin dan aktivitas insulin terhadap target organ yang disebut sebagai resistensi insulin. Ekstrak seledri mengandung flavonoid, yaitu apigenin, quercetin, cumarine, luteolin, kaempferol dan antioksidan yang dapat mencegah resistensi insulin.
Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak seledri (Apium graveolens) terhadap pencegahan resistensi insulin.
Bahan dan Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel tikus strain Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) sebanyak 45 ekor, jantan, usia 4-6 minggu, berat badan 150-175 gram, dan memiliki GDP normal. Kelompok sampel dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu K1 (Fruktosa 20% p.o 1,86 mg/kgBB/hari), K2 (Fruktosa 20% p.o 1,86 mg/kgBB/hari dan Metformin 500 mg/kgBB/hari), K3 (Fruktosa 20% p.o 1,86 mg/kgBB/hari dan Ekstrak Seledri p.o 200 mg/kgBB/hari), K4 (Fruktosa 20% p.o 1,86 mg/kgBB/hari dan Ekstrak Seledri p.o 400 mg/kgBB/hari), dan K5 (Fruktosa 20% p.o 1,86 mg/kgBB/hari dan Ekstrak Seledri p.o 600 mg/kgBB/hari). Perlakuan diberikan setiap hari selama 60 hari. Pada akhir penelitian, tikus dipuasakan dan diterminasi. Kadar Glukosa darah puasa diukur menggunakan Glukometer. Kadar Insulin darah puasa diukur menggunakan ELISA, HOMA-IR dihitung menggunakan rumus yang sudah terstandarisasi, serta ekspresi protein GLUT4 diukur menggunakan imunohistokimia.
Hasil : Penurunan gula darah puasa yang signifikan didapatkan pada K4 (78,00 ± 12,64 mg/DL) dibandingkan dengan K1 (130,50 ± 17,14 mg/DL) (p<0.05), terjadi resistensi insulin pada K1 (0,06 ± 0,02) ditandai dengan nilai HOMA-IR yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok terapi terutama dengan K4 (0,04 ± 0,01) dan K5 (0,04 ± 0,01) (p<0.05). Terjadi peningkatan ekspresi GLUT-4 pada K4 (12,00 ± 0,00 skor) dan K5 (12,00 ± 0,00 skor) dibandingkan dengan K1 (2,00 ± 0,00 skor) (p<0.00).
Kesimpulan : Ekstrak seledri memiliki efek antihiperglikemia dan dapat mencegah resistensi insulin
PENGARUH AKTIVITAS FISIK TERHADAP RISIKO OBESITAS PADA USIA DEWASA
No full textIndonesia has an increasing number of obese people every year. Risk factors and complications caused by obesity can increase morbidity and mortality in the community. One of factors causing the increasing number of obese people is caused by the decreasing level of physical activities done by Indonesian people.This study aims to determine the effect of physical activity levels on the risk of obesity. The study used an observational analytic case control design. Subjects were chosen through a purposive sampling method. The population was young adults in Surabaya. The sample of the study included 97 obese adults and 97 non-obese adults. The study was conducted in March - July 2018 in South Surabaya through distributing questionnaires to two groups. The questionnaire given used the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The results showed that physical activity performed by adult age group of obesity was mostly classified as low activity (59,8%), while non-obese adult age group was mostly included in medium activity (56,6%).This shows a significant difference in physical activity between obese and non-obese groups (p=0,047). It can be concluded that decreased levels of physical activity may increase the risk of obesity in adult
Pengaruh Latihan Fisik terhadap Perbaikan Resistensi Insulin
Full text linkAbstract--Insulin resistance underlies the pathogenesis of chronic disease, such as diabetes mellitus which has high morbidity and mortality rate. Insulin resistance is a pathological condition when cells fail to respond normally to the insulin hormone, because of insulin signaling pathway disruption. Bound between insulin and insulin’s receptor cannot phosphorylate tyrosine and fail to activate insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). This failure decrease Glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) expression on the skeletal muscle’s cell membrane, that leads to decrease glucose influx and increase blood glucose level. A routine physical training which does according to adequate training dose, will activate adenosin 5’monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and lead to the translocation of GLUT-4 vesicles without insulin and insulin’s receptor bonding.GLUT-4 expression on the skeletal muscle’s cell membrane which is stimulated by muscle contraction will increase glucose influx and decrease blood glucose level.
Keywords: insulin resistance; physical training; insulin signaling pathway
Abstrak--Resistensi insulin merupakan penyebab yang mendasari terjadinya penyakit kronis seperti diabetes melitus yang memiliki angka morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi.Resistensi insulin merupakan keadaan patologis dimana terjadi kegagalan respon seluler terhadap hormon insulin akibat gangguan pada jalur sinyal insulin.Ikatan insulin pada reseptornya tidak dapat menyebabkan fosforilasi tirosin sehingga tidak dapat mengaktivasi insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). Kegagalan aktivasi tersebut akan menyebabkan penurunan ekspresi Glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) pada membran sel otot rangka sehingga ambilan glukosa oleh sel menurun dan glukosa darah meningkat. Latihan fisik yang dilakukan secara rutin, teratur dan sesuai dengan dosis latihan yang tepat dapat mengaktivasi adenosin 5’monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sehingga menyebabkan translokasi vesikel berisi GLUT-4, tanpa melalui ikatan insulin dengan reseptornya. Ekspresi GLUT-4 pada membran sel yang dirangsang oleh kontraksi otot akan meningkatkan ambilan glukosa dan menurunkan glukosa darah.
Kata kunci: resistensi insulin; latihan fisik; jalur sinyal insuli
Membimbing Tesis Halimatus Zahrah (011614253004); Qoni Oktanti (011714653014); Devitya Angielevi Sukarno (011614153016); Fedelita Aistania Putri (011714653006)
Full text linkEffect Of Celery Extract On Fructose Induced Insulin Resistance Rattus Norvegicus
Full text linkAbstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the global health problems and in the top 4th ranks as the main cause of death in developing countries (IDF, 2015). The pathogenesis of type II DM involves abnormalities in insulin secretion and activity that leads to insulin resistance. This research aims to study the efficacy of celery (Apiumgraveolens) as a prevention of insulin resistance. In this study, the samples were 45 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), male sex, aged 4-6 weeks, weight 150-175 grams,and had normal fasting blood glucose levels by tested before treatment. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups, K1 was negative control group (insulin resistance by given 20% fructose 1,86 g/kg BW PO qDay);K2 was positive control group (those given 20% fructose 1,86 g/kg BW PO qDayand standard insulin resistance therapy metformin 500 mg/kg BW PO qDay); the K3 treatment group was given 20% fructose 1,86 g/kg BW PO qDay and celery extract 200 mg/kg BW PO qDay; the K4 treatment group was given fructose 20% 1,86 mg/kg BW PO qDay and celery extract 400 mg/kg BW PO qDay; and the K5 treatment group was given fructose 20% 1,86 mg/kg BW PO qDay and celery extract 600 mg/kg BW PO qDay. The treatment had been given every day for 60 days.Fasting blood glucose levels were measured using a Glucometer. Fasting blood insulin levels were measured using ELISA, HOMA-IR was calculated using a standardized formula, and GLUT4 protein expression was measured using immunohistochemistry. It the end of the intervention, there was a significant decreased in fasting blood glucose (FBG) in K4 group compared with K1 (p <0.05), insulin resistance in K1 was characterized by a higher HOMA-IR value compared to the therapy group, especially K4 and K5 (p <0.05). There was an increase in GLUT-4 expression on K4 and K5 compared with K1 (p <0.05). It can be concluded that celery extract has antihyperglycemia effect and furthermore it can prevent insulin resistance condition
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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