1,720,976 research outputs found
Julie Giovacchini, L’Empirisme d’Épicure
No full textDevinant Julien. Julie Giovacchini, L’Empirisme d’Épicure. In: Revue Philosophique de Louvain. Troisième série, tome 112, n°1, 2014. pp. 161-163
Galen and the World of Knowledge. Edited by Christopher Gill, Tim Whitmarsh, John Wilkins
No full textDevinant Julien. Galen and the World of Knowledge. Edited by Christopher Gill, Tim Whitmarsh, John Wilkins. In: Revue Philosophique de Louvain. Troisième série, tome 110, n°1, 2012. pp. 150-152
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Brill’s Companion to the Reception of Galen edited by Petros Bouras-Vallianatos and Barbara Zipser
No full textAbstract: With 31 chapters and over nearly 700 densely written pages, this bulky volume manages the difficult task of giving a comprehensive account of the afterlife of the Greek physician Galen (129–216 ad). Over the past few decades, his work has aroused much interest to the point that such a book has become increasingly desirable, if not necessary.Résumé : Avec 31 chapitres et près de 700 pages denses, ce volumineux ouvrage relève le défi ardu de proposer une synthèse complète de la postérité du médecin grec Galien (129-216 ap. J.-C.). Au cours des dernières décennies, son œuvre a suscité un intérêt croissant, au point qu’un tel livre est devenu de plus en plus souhaitable, voire nécessaire
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Mental Disorders in Galen : a Study of Philosophical and Medical. Investigations into the Problem of the Soul
No full textL’étude porte sur les conceptions philosophiques, physiologiques et cliniques mises en jeu par la question des troubles psychiques chez Galien de Pergame ; elle se fonde sur le commentaire de textes collectés dans l’ensemble du corpus disponible. Les perturbations de l’âme sont dans l’Antiquité le lieu d’un conflit d’autorité entre médecine et philosophie. La participation de Galien à chacun des deux champs de savoir et le manque apparent d’homogénéité de sa conception de l’âme invitent dès lors à questionner la cohérence de ses propos. Le premier chapitre présente son approche théorique du problème et défend l’idée que les perspectives matérialistes et téléologiques sont chez lui compatibles à la fois entre elles et avec son agnosticisme quant à la nature de l’âme. Le deuxième chapitre montre que ce dernier n’est pas un aveu de faiblesse qui serait contredit dans la pratique et récuse l’idée que le médecin ait vocation à se substituer au philosophe. Les deux derniers chapitres en cherchent les raisons et pointent les facteurs de résistance à la constitution d’une psychopathologie englobante ; il est d’abord montré que le médecin approche les affections cognitives et émotionnelles selon des catégories distinctes et limite son intervention aux premières ; une reconstitution détaillée des théories étiologiques à l’œuvre dans la pratique diagnostique et thérapeutique vise ensuite à expliquer pourquoi leur prise en charge est malgré tout conçue comme difficile. L’étude entend par là contribuer à une lecture décloisonnée de l’œuvre galénique et montrer que la tension entre esprit de système et prudence théorique se résout dans la visée pratique du propos.The study examines Galen of Pergamon’s philosophical, physiological and clinical ideas at play in his approach to psychic disorders; it is based on a commentary of texts collected from the entire available corpus. Disturbances of the soul are giving rise to a conflict of authority between medicine and philosophy in Antiquity. Galen’s engagement in both fields of knowledge as well as apparent tensions within his views on the soul expose the consistency of his works. The first chapter presents his theoretical approach to the problem and argues that the materialistic and teleological perspectives are indeed compatible both with each other and with his agnosticism about the nature of the soul. The second chapter shows that it is not an admission of weakness which would be at odds with his practice; it thus dismisses the idea that the doctor would aim to replace the philosopher. The last two chapters look into the reasons for it and underline a number of factors inhibiting the creation of an overbearing psychopathology; it is first shown that the physician assigns cognitive and emotional disorders to different categories and will mostly take direct action on the first one; a detailed reconstruction of the etiological theories engaged in his diagnostic and therapeutic practice then shows why it is nonetheless deemed difficult to take care of such disorders. The study thus aims at contributing to an unified reading of the Galenic corpus by showing that the tension between systematic thought and theoretical cautiousness finds solution in his practical goal
Les Troubles psychiques selon Galien
No full textHallucinations, convulsions, confusion mentale, perte d’énergie, pensées insoutenables, les troubles psychiques posent autant d’énigmes aux médecins qu’aux philosophes. D’où vient le trouble ? Que dit-il de la nature de l’esprit, de la structure de l’âme, de son rapport au corps ? Qui peut y remédier et comment ? Ce livre donne à voir comment ces questions, encore actuelles, ont été formulées au IIe siècle de notre ère, et quelles réponses y ont été apportées. Suivant le fil rouge de la psychopathologie, il propose une traversée des écrits de Galien de Pergame et offre les clés pour étudier en profondeur sa conception de l’humain comme être vivant et pensant. Écrivain prolifique et polémique, pourvu d’une érudition vaste et précise, Galien a élaboré une pensée singulière. À la croisée de plusieurs traditions intellectuelles, elle est parcourue d’autant de certitudes que d’hésitations, et parfois de tensions pour nous déconcertantes. L’âme est un de ces sujets délicats. En l’abordant par l’angle des maladies, ce livre s’attache à montrer comment les thèses du philosophe et les explications du médecin, suivies pas à pas, s’articulent en un propos complexe et nuancé. La démarche théorique de Galien, la question de l’existence d’une catégorie médicale du trouble psychique, sa symptomatologie, son étiologie et enfin sa prise en charge sont ainsi présentées et discutées. Problème crucial d’histoire et d’épistémologie de la médecine, la question des troubles psychiques apporte un éclairage nouveau sur la pensée du médecin de Pergame, aussi prudente qu’on la savait emphatique ou péremptoire, et toute entière investie de l’exigence du soin
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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