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Differenze di genere nei neonati figli di madri diabetiche
Get PDFAims:
to evaluate two populations of women: one consisting of patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DMI) and another from patient with gestational diabetes mellitus (GMD) and the prevalence of maternal-fetal and neonatal outcomes based on gender differences.Methods: Retrospective study of 57 pregnant women with DMI (24 women, 43%) and GDM (33 women, 57%). Inclusion criteria were: single pregnancy, pregestational diagnosis of type I diabetes. We reported the type of insulin and the number of units per day which was self-administered. We reported the duration of pregnancy, any comorbidities and the value of glycated hemoglobin, whenever possible, in the first trimester of pregnancy. Each woman's obstetric history has been collected as nulliparity, multiparity, history of previous abortions, a history of previous fetal deaths and pre-eclampsia. Obstetric maternal-fetal outcomes we analyzed were: pre-eclampsia, elective caesarean section performed or urgency, preterm birth, P-PROM, polyhydramnios, placental abruption, stillbirth and perinatal death and other obstetric complications related to underlying disease. We also considered the percentage of infants admitted to NICU for the appearance of acute respiratory distress syndrome and low Apgar score at 5 minutes after birth.Results: Although not statistically significant our study has shown that some maternal fetal outcomes such as RDS and IUGR affect predominantly fetal-neonatal male population, especially in the Group of patients with DMI.Conclusions: We reported gender difference in materno-fetal outcomes in diabetic pregnant women but further studies on larger sample size are needed before drawing definitive conclusions
Use of Azithromycin in Pregnancy: More Doubts than Certainties
No full textMacrolides such as azithromycin are commonly prescribed antibiotics during pregnancy. The good oral bioavailability and transplacental transfer of azithromycin make this drug suitable for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, toxoplasmosis, and malaria. Moreover, azithromycin is useful both in the management of preterm pre-labor rupture of membranes and in the adjunctive prophylaxis for cesarean delivery. The aim of this comprehensive narrative review is to critically analyze and summarize the available literature on the main aspects of azithromycin use in pregnant women, with a special focus on adverse offspring outcomes associated with prenatal exposure to the drug. References for this review were identified through searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE. Fetal and neonatal outcomes following prenatal azithromycin exposure have been investigated in several studies, yielding conflicting results. Increased risks of spontaneous miscarriage, major congenital malformations, cardiovascular malformations, digestive system malformations, preterm birth, and low birth weight have been reported in some studies but not in others. Currently, there is no conclusive evidence to support that azithromycin use by pregnant women causes adverse outcomes in their offspring. Therefore, this agent should only be used during pregnancy when clinically indicated, if the benefits of treatment are expected to outweigh the potential risks
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Urolastic®, a new bulking agent for treatment of stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textIntroduction and hypothesis The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness and safety of injections of the new bulking agent Urolastic® in the treatment of patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
Methods A systematic search was carried out to select observational and experimental studies on Urolastic® in female patients with SUI. Three different databases, Pubmed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus, were used to retrieve scientific articles published from their inception to 31 January 2018.
Results Eight full texts were evaluated but only five were selected for the qualitative and quantitative analyses. Duration of
follow-up after Urolastic® injections was significantly heterogeneous, ranging from 6 to 24 months. Secondary injections were needed in 16.7%–35.0% of the treated patients. The pooled proportion of secondary injections was 20% (95% CI: 15%–24%; I2:0%). Subjective improvement, measured by different means (i.e., patient global impression of improvement PGI-I score) was only assessed by 40% of the selected papers and was > 80% in two cohorts. The objective treatment success was evaluated by four (80.0%) papers and was achieved in all cohorts with a wide proportional range: from 32.7% (i.e., patients without objective SUI symptomcough tests and with a negative pad test) to 67.0%. Its pooled proportionwas 57%(95% CI: 38%–75%; I2: 82.3%).
Conclusions Urolastic® showed effectiveness in patients with SUI during a follow-up period of 6–24 months
Thyroid Dysfunction after Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Administration in Women with Thyroid Autoimmunity
No full text: GnRH agonists (GnRHa) are a useful tool for pretreatment before artificial endometrial preparation for frozen-thawed embryo-transfer (FET). Their prolonged administration has been associated with thyroid dysfunction, both hyper and hypothyroidism. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of GnRHa administration on thyroid function in women undergoing artificial endometrial preparation. Seventy-eight euthyroid women undergoing endometrial preparation with hormone replacement for FET were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into two groups according to pretreatment with GnRHa (group A, 42 women) or with an oral contraceptive (group B, 36 women). Group A was subsequently divided into two subgroups according to thyroid autoimmunity presence. Thyroid function has been evaluated and compared among groups and subgroups. Our results did not show any statistically significant differences in age, body mass index, and basal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Total estradiol dosage, duration of treatment, and endometrial thickness were comparable among groups. When TSH was measured 14 days after embryo transfer, no significant differences between the two groups were reported. Among women of group A, TSH was significantly higher only in women with thyroid autoimmunity. GnRHa seems to be associated with thyroid dysfunction in women with thyroid autoimmunity undergoing hormone replacement therapy for FET
T-shaped Uterus, Other Studies are Needed But What Can We Do in The Meantime?
Get PDFDysmorphic uterus is a condition that can affect fertility differently depending on the type of malformation. The most common uterine malformation is the septum but other uterine malformations can affect fertility, as t-shaped uteru
Which is the optimal timing for starting chemoprotection with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists after oocyte cryopreservation? Reflections on a critical case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
No full textAim of this report is to alert clinicians about the potential significant sequelae of administering depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) shortly after oocytes cryopreservation. In our case report, a 28-year-old nulligravid Caucasian woman diagnosed with breast cancer underwent controlled ovarian stimulation-oocyte cryopreservation before chemotherapy. The oocyte retrieval was performed without complications and the woman was discharged after five hours. Three days later, the patient self-injected depot-GnRHa as chemoprotective agent, as indicated by the oncologist. The next day, the patient referred to the emergency room and she was diagnosed with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and required inpatient care. As a consequence, the start of the chemotherapy was delayed by two weeks. In conclusion, chemoprotection with depot-GnRHa after oocyte/embryo cryopreservation is not exempt from risks. The timing for depot-GnRHa administration should be established by the agreement between oncologist and gynecologist in order to avoid the risk of OHSS. (C) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved
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