455 research outputs found
Trace-strength and source-monitoring accounts of accuracy and metacognitive resolution in the misinformation paradigm
No full textTwo experiments are reported that investigate the impact of misinformation on memory accuracy and metacognitive resolution. In Experiment 1, participants viewed a series of photographs depicting a crime scene, were exposed to misinformation that contradicted details in the slides, and later took a recognition memory test. For each answer, participants were required to indicate whether they were willing to testify (report) their answer to the Court and to rate confidence. Misinformation impaired memory accuracy but it had no effect on resolution, regardless of whether resolution was indexed with confidence-rating measures (gamma correlation and mean confidence) or a report-option measure (type-2 discrimination: d’). In Experiment 2, a similar accuracy-confidence dissociation was found, and the misinformation effect occurred mostly with fine-grained responses, suggesting that responding was based on recollected details. We argue that the results support source-monitoring accounts of accuracy and resolution rather than accounts based on trace strength
Global subjective memorability and the strength-based mirror effect
No full textBetween-list manipulations of memory strength through repetition commonly generate a mirror effect, with more hits, and fewer false alarms for strengthened items. However, this pattern is rarely seen with within-list manipulations of strength. Three experiments investigated the conditions under which a within-list mirror effect of strength (items presented once or thrice) is observed. In Experiments 1 and 2, we indirectly manipulated the overall subjective memorability of the studied lists by varying the proportion of non-words. A within-list mirror effect was observed only in Experiment 2, where a higher proportion of non-words was presented in the study list. In Experiment 3, the presentation duration for each item (0.5 s versus 3 s) was manipulated between groups with the purpose of affecting subjective memorability: A within-list mirror effect was observed only for the short-presentation durations. Thus, across three experiments, we found the within-list mirror effect only under conditions of poor overall subjective memorability. We propose that when the overall subjective memorability is low, people switch their response strategy on an item-by-item basis, and that this generates the observed mirror effect. <br/
Higham (Florence) Catholic and Reformed. A Study of the Anglican Church, 1559-1662
No full textSéguy Jean. Higham (Florence) Catholic and Reformed. A Study of the Anglican Church, 1559-1662. In: Archives de sociologie des religions, n°15, 1963. p. 185
Higham (Florence) Catholic and Reformed. A Study of the Anglican Church, 1559-1662
No full textSéguy Jean. Higham (Florence) Catholic and Reformed. A Study of the Anglican Church, 1559-1662. In: Archives de sociologie des religions, n°15, 1963. p. 185
Leader Election : from higham-przytycka's algorithm to a gracefully degrading algorithm
No full textThe leader election problem consists in selecting a process (called leader) in a group of processes. Several leader election algorithms have been proposed in the past for ring networks, tree networks, fully connected networks or regular networks (such as tori and hypercubes). As far as ring networks are concerned, it has been shown that the number of messages that processes have to exchange to elect a leader is (n log n). The algorithm proposed by Higham and Przytycka is the best leader algorithm known so far for ring networks in terms of message complexity, which is 1.271 n log n + O(n). This algorithm uses round numbers and assumes that all processes start with the same round number. More precisely, when round numbers are not initially equal, the algorithm has runs that do not terminate. This paper presents an algorithm, based on Higham-Przytycka's technique, which allows processes to start with different round numbers. This extension is motivated by fault-tolerance with respect to initial values. While the algorithm always terminates, its message complexity is optimal, i.e., O(n log n), when the processes start with the same round number and increases up to O(n2) when all processes start with different round number values. We call graceful degradation this additional property that combines fault-tolerance (with respect to initial values) and efficiency
Diary of a Disaster: British Aid to Greece, 1940-1941
No full textOn October 28, 1940, the Italian army under Benito Mussolini invaded Greece. The British had insisted on guaranteeing Greek and Turkish neutrality, despite the fact that Greece was never more than a limited campaign in an unlimited war as far as they were concerned. The British, however, were never quite sure that Greece was not their last foothold in Europe, and they harbored dreams of holding on to this last bastion of civilization and of protecting it with a diplomatic and military alliance—a Balkan bloc. These dreams bore little relation to military and economic realities, and so the stage was set for tragedy.
In Diary of a Disaster, Robin Higham details the unfolding events from the invasion, though the Italian defeat and the subsequent German invasion, until the British evacuation at the end of April 1941. The Greek army, while tough, was small and based largely upon reserves. They were also largely equipped with obsolete French, Polish, and Czech arms for which there was now no other source than captured Italian materiel. Transportation was also lacking as Greece lacked all-weather roads over much of the country, had no all-weather airport, and only one rail line connecting Athens with Salonika and Florina in the north.
Added to the woes of the Greek military, the British commander-in-chief for the Middle East, Sir Archibald Wavell, faced huge logistical challenges as well. Based in Cairo, he was responsible for a huge theatre of operation, from hostile Vichy French forces in Syria to the Boers in South Africa nearly six thousand miles away. His air force was comprised of only a handful of modern aircraft with biplanes and outdated, early monoplanes making up the bulk of his force. Radar was also unavailable to him. His navy was woefully short on destroyers and often incommunicado while at sea. While Wavell had roughly 500,000 men under his command, he was severely limited in how he could use them. The South Africans could only be deployed in East Africa and the Austrians and New Zealanders could not be employed without the consent of their home governments. In short, Churchill had instructed Wavell to offer support that he did not really have and could not afford to give to the Greeks.
Higham walks readers through these events as they unfold like a modern Greek tragedy. Using the format of a diary, he recounts day-by-day the British efforts though the failure of Operation Lustre, which no one outside of London thought had any chance of stemming the Nazi tide in Greece.
Robin Higham, professor of history emeritus at Kansas State University, is the author and editor of many books, including Why Air Forces Fail: The Anatomy of Defeat and The Influence of Air Power Upon History: Statesmanship, Diplomacy, and Foreign Policy since 1903.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_military_history/1008/thumbnail.jp
Leader Election : from higham-przytycka's algorithm to a gracefully degrading algorithm
No full textThe leader election problem consists in selecting a process (called leader) in a group of processes. Several leader election algorithms have been proposed in the past for ring networks, tree networks, fully connected networks or regular networks (such as tori and hypercubes). As far as ring networks are concerned, it has been shown that the number of messages that processes have to exchange to elect a leader is (n log n). The algorithm proposed by Higham and Przytycka is the best leader algorithm known so far for ring networks in terms of message complexity, which is 1.271 n log n + O(n). This algorithm uses round numbers and assumes that all processes start with the same round number. More precisely, when round numbers are not initially equal, the algorithm has runs that do not terminate. This paper presents an algorithm, based on Higham-Przytycka's technique, which allows processes to start with different round numbers. This extension is motivated by fault-tolerance with respect to initial values. While the algorithm always terminates, its message complexity is optimal, i.e., O(n log n), when the processes start with the same round number and increases up to O(n2) when all processes start with different round number values. We call graceful degradation this additional property that combines fault-tolerance (with respect to initial values) and efficiency
Prévalence des ménorragies chez les femmes à la Réunion
No full textInternational audienceObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of menorrhagia in women in Reunion Island using the Higham score, to evaluate self-reporting as an alternative diagnostic method, and to study women's level of knowledge about menorrhagia and its impact on their quality of life.MethodsThis was a descriptive, cross-sectional observational study involving 185 adult women with menstrual periods living in Reunion Island. Women volunteered to answer an online self-questionnaire proposed by healthcare professionals from January to May 2023 in Reunion Island. They completed a general information questionnaire, the Higham score, a menorrhagia knowledge questionnaire and a menstrual quality of life questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of menorrhagia in the sample was 48.1% using the Higham score and 46.5% using self-report. Women's level of knowledge about menorrhagia is still insufficient, given the significant impact on quality of life during menstruation among those suffering from this symptom.ConclusionThe prevalence of menorrhagia in our sample of women on Reunion Island is high. Measures need to be taken to break the taboos surrounding menstruation, promote menstrual education and foster a better understanding by women of menstrual pathologies, particularly menorrhagia. Early detection of this symptom would enable faster treatment and avoid complications and adverse effects on quality of life.ObjectifsEstimer la prévalence des ménorragies chez les femmes à la Réunion via le score de Higham, évaluer l’auto-déclaration comme méthode diagnostique alternative et étudier le niveau de connaissances des femmes sur les ménorragies et le retentissement sur leur qualité de vie.MéthodesÉtude observationnelle descriptive transversale ayant inclus 185 femmes majeures habitant à la Réunion et présentant des menstruations. Les femmes étaient volontaires pour répondre à un auto-questionnaire en ligne proposé par des professionnels de santé de janvier à mai 2023 sur l’île de la Réunion. Celles-ci ont rempli un questionnaire d’informations générales, le score de Higham, un questionnaire de connaissances sur les ménorragies et de qualité de vie pendant les règles.RésultatsLa prévalence des ménorragies dans l’échantillon a été de 48,1 % après utilisation du score de Higham et de 46,5 % en utilisant l’auto-déclaration. Le niveau de connaissance des femmes sur les ménorragies est encore insuffisant au vu de l’impact significatif sur la qualité de vie pendant les règles chez celles souffrant de ce symptôme.ConclusionLa prévalence des ménorragies dans notre échantillon de femmes à la Réunion est élevée. Des mesures sont à prendre pour briser les tabous entourant les menstruations, promouvoir l’éducation menstruelle et favoriser une meilleure compréhension par les femmes autour des pathologies des règles et notamment les ménorragies. La mise en évidence précoce de ce symptôme permettrait une prise en charge plus rapide et pourrait éviter les complications et le retentissement néfaste sur la qualité de vie
Prévalence des ménorragies chez les femmes à La Réunion
No full textObjectives: To estimate the prevalence of menorrhagia in women in Reunion Island using the Higham score, to evaluate self-reporting as an alternative diagnostic method, and to study women's level of knowledge about menorrhagia and its impact on their quality of life.Patients and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional observational study involving 185 adult women with menstrual periods living in Reunion Island. Women volunteered to answer an online self questionnaire proposed by healthcare professionals from January to May 2023 in Reunion Island. They completed a general information questionnaire, the Higham score, a menorrhagia knowledge questionnaire and a menstrual quality of life questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of menorrhagia in the sample was 48.1% using the Higham score and 46.5% using self-report. Women's level of knowledge about menorrhagia is still insufficient, given the significant impact on quality of life during menstruation among those suffering from this symptom.Conclusion: The prevalence of menorrhagia in our sample of women on Reunion Island is high. Measures need to be taken to break the taboos surrounding menstruation, promote menstrual education and foster a better understanding by women of menstrual pathologies, particularly menorrhagia. Early detection of this symptom would enable faster treatment and avoid complications and adverse effects on quality of life.Objectifs : Estimer la prévalence des ménorragies chez les femmes à La Réunion via le score de Higham, évaluer l'auto-déclaration comme méthode diagnostique alternative et étudier le niveau de connaissances des femmes sur les ménorragies et le retentissement sur leur qualité de vie.Patientes et méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude observationnelle descriptive transversale ayant inclus 185 femmes majeures habitant à La Réunion et présentant des menstruations. Les femmes étaient volontaires pour répondre à un auto-questionnaire en ligne proposé par des professionnels de santé de janvier à mai 2023 sur l'île de la Réunion. Celles-ci ont rempli, un questionnaire d'informations générales, le score de Higham, un questionnaire de connaissances sur les ménorragies et de qualité de vie pendant les règles.Résultats : La prévalence des ménorragies dans l'échantillon a été de 48,1 % après utilisation du score de Higham et de 46,5 % en utilisant l'auto-déclaration. Le niveau de connaissance des femmes sur les ménorragies est encore insuffisant au vu de l'impact significatif sur la qualité de vie pendant les règles chez celles souffrant de ce symptôme.Conclusion : La prévalence des ménorragies dans notre échantillon de femmes à La Réunion est élevée. Des mesures sont à prendre pour briser les tabous entourant les menstruations, promouvoir l'éducation menstruelle et favoriser une meilleur compréhension par les femmes autour des pathologies des règles et notamment les ménorragies. La mise en évidence précoce de ce symptôme permettrait une prise en charge plus rapide et pourrait éviter les complications et le retentissement néfaste sur la qualité de vie
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