681 research outputs found
Topology of soft cone metric spaces
No full textInternational Conference on Functional Analysis in Interdisciplinary Applications (FAIA) -- OCT 02-05, 2017 -- Astana, KAZAKHSTANIn Simsek's paper it was introduced a concept of soft cone metric space via soft elements and some fixed point theorems in soft cone metric space were provided. In this work, we examine topological structures such as open ball, soft neighbourhood and soft open set in soft metric spaces and their some properties, and prove that every soft cone metric space under some condition is a soft topological space according to elementary operations on soft sets.Kyrgyz Turkish Manas University [KTMUBAP-2016.FBE.12]This work is supported by Kyrgyz Turkish Manas University in the framework of Scientific Research Projects (KTMUBAP-2016.FBE.12)
Different fatigue-resistant leg muscles and EMG response during whole-body vibration
No full textWOS: 000415646600020PubMed ID: 29102877The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of static whole-body vibration (WBV) on the Electromyograhic (EMG) responses of leg muscles, which are fatigue-resistant in different manner. The study population was divided into two groups according to the values obtained by the Fatigue Index [ Group I: Less Fatigue Resistant (LFR), n= 11; Group II: More Fatigue Resistant (MFR), n= 11]. The repeated electromyographic (EMG) activities of four leg muscles were analyzed the following determinants: (1) frequency (30 Hz, 35 Hz and 40 Hz); (2) stance position (static squat position); (3) amplitude (2 mm and 4 mm) and (4) knee flexion angle (120 degrees), (5) vertical vibration platform. Vibration data were analyzed using Minitab 16 (Minitab Ltd, State College, PA, USA). The significance level was set at p <.05. The study results showed that static WBV stimuli given at different frequencies and amplitudes resulted in a significant increase (p <.05) in compared, the LFR group showed significantly (1) higher rates of quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscle fatigue (p <.05), (2) higher levels of knee extensor and flexor torque (p <.05) and (3) higher percentage increases in EMG activation at higher frequencies (max at 40 Hz) and amplitudes (4 mm) (p <.05). The present study can be used for the optimal prescription of vibration exercise and can serve to guide the development of training programs.Anadolu University [Anadolu Uni./BAP 1207S116]The study was supported by Anadolu University (Project number: Anadolu Uni./BAP 1207S116). The author would like to thank the subjects for their collaboration and support. The author also would like to thank A. Ruhi Soylu, Ismail Bayram and Gunay Yildizer for their support
Emergency room management of acute bronchiolitis: a randomized trial of nebulized epinephrine
No full textSimsek-Kiper PO, Kiper N, Hascelik G, Dolgun A, Yalcin E, Dogru-Ersoz D, Ozcelik U. Emergency room management of acute bronchiolitis: a randomized trial of nebulized epinephrine. Turk J Pediatr 2011; 53: 651-660
Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for ectopic pregnancy
No full textAims This study aims to describe our transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) technique for ectopic pregnancy that can be performed using conventional laparoscopic equipment with the addition of a self-constructed pessary port and to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and outcomes of the technique. Methods This is a retrospective study evaluating outcomes of patients who underwent vNOTES for ectopic pregnancy (n = 21) between August 2019 and April 2021. Results Twenty-one patients underwent vNOTES as intended without any intraoperative complications. Three patients (14.3%) were nulliparous, 16 patients (76.2%) had no history of vaginal delivery, and 13 patients (61.9%) had a history of at least one cesarean delivery. Eight patients (38.1%) had a history of previous abdominal surgery other than cesarean section. The mean duration of surgery was 43.4 +/- 12.6 min. The mean visual analog scale scores for pain were 2.45 +/- 1.13 at 2 h after surgery, 0.45 +/- 0.83 at 12 h after surgery, and 0.18 +/- 0.36 at 24 h after surgery. The median duration of postoperative hospital stay was 1 day (range, 1-2). There were no postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery. Conclusions vNOTES can be performed in an existing laparoscopy setup with the addition of a self-constructed pessary port. vNOTES is a safe and effective surgical treatment option for ectopic pregnancy, even in patients who have not had a vaginal delivery and have had multiple abdominal surgeries
The computation of expected values and moments of special polynomials via characteristic and generating functions
No full textDevelopment of cell-based assays for testing Clostridial Neurotoxins
No full textClostridial neurotoxins are protein structures generated by a bacterium. Clostridial neurotoxins consist of botulinum neurotoxin, with its serotypes, and tetanus neurotoxin. A small amount of these proteins is lethal as they cause muscle paralysis. However, safe doses are used for cosmetic and medical purposes. Due to their potency, it is essential to develop a sensitive assay to detect small amounts of the neurotoxins for several reasons. Firstly, safe doses should be determined before releasing them as medical or cosmetic treatments. Secondly, it is important to test food products in order to prevent food poisoning. Thirdly, neurotoxins could be used as a bioweapon, so detection of small amounts is necessary for security. Currently, the mouse bioassay is the international gold standard test. However, it has many drawbacks. The test is expensive, time-consuming, requires advanced facilities and skills, and, most importantly, raises ethical issues in relation to animal welfare. Approximately 100 mice are killed in every test and experience significant suffering. Therefore, developing a fast, cheap, and sensitive replacement assay which adheres to 3Rs (Replace, Refine, and Reduce animals in research) principles is essential. A main aim of this project is to develop a replacement assay for sensitive detection of clostridial neurotoxins to fulfil this gap. In this project, neuroblastoma cells are mainly used to test clostridial toxin activity, and this involves 3Rs principles. Several neuroblastoma cell lines are generated through the project to get better results for toxin sensitivity. The neurotoxins are first tested by immunoblotting whether the toxin could cleave target proteins in neuroblastoma cell lines. However, a one-step ELISA method is developed to measure toxin level in a faster and more practical way. Immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting techniques are used to characterise neuroblastoma cell lines to confirm why they are sensitive to the clostridial neurotoxins. It was found that neuroblastoma cell lines are quite sensitive for testing most of the clostridial neurotoxins. In particular, BoNT/A, BoNT/B, BoNT/C, BoNT/DC, and TeNT activities could be measured quickly and sensitively in neuroblastoma cell lines. Neuroblastoma cells are promising for developing a cell-based assay to replace the mouse assay for most of the clostridial neurotoxins. The cell-based assay developed in this research is quite sensitive, however there is still room to improve sensitivity. Moreover, this assay allows for the detection of all steps of clostridial intoxication: Toxin-receptor binding, translocation of toxin inside cells and SNARE cleavage by toxin. Previous studies use SiMa human neuroblastoma cell line for botulinum neurotoxin A and botulinum neurotoxin B activities. However, this research has introduced a new sensitive neuroblastoma cell line for clostridial neurotoxins, the LAN-5 human neuroblastoma cell. My research has contributed more knowledge about the relationship between neuroblastoma cells and clostridial neurotoxins. I have also introduced other cell type, HeLa cells, for BoNT/B potency. To conclude, this PhD study discovered new sensitive cell lines to test clostridial neurotoxin potency. This is promising for the development of sensitive replacement cell-based assays
Does EMG activation differ among fatigue-resistant leg muscles during dynamic whole-body vibration?
No full textThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dynamic whole-body vibration (WBV) stimuli on the electromyographic (EMG) responses of different fatigue-resistant leg muscles. The participants (N=32) were divided into two groups according to the Fatigue Index value [Group I: Less Fatigue Resistant (LFR), n=17; Group II: More Fatigue Resistant (MFR), n=15]. The repeated EMG activities of four leg muscles [rectus femoris, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis] were analysed during WBV stimulation. The data were analysed using PASW/SPSS Statistics 18.0 and the significance level was set at p<0.05. The results revealed that the vibration frequency, amplitude and group (MFR and LFR) had a significant effect (p<0.001) on the EMG response. Dynamic WBV stimuli performed at different frequencies (30Hz, 35Hz and 40Hz) and amplitudes (2mm and 4mm) resulted in significantly increased lower-body muscular activation. However, the LFR group exhibited a significantly higher percentage increase in EMG activation at higher frequencies (max 40Hz) and amplitudes (4mm) (p≤0.001). The results could be useful for the optimal prescription of vibration exercise and can guide the development of training and rehabilitation programmes.Key words: Fatigue; Fatigue resistance; Isokinetic; Rehabilitation; Muscle activation; Electromyography
Overview of techniques and countermeasures for browser fingerprinting
No full textWerbeunternehmen verfolgen zunehmend das Ziel, das Surfverhalten ihrer Nutzer zu rekonstruieren, um individuell zugeschnittene Werbebanner anzuzeigen. Insbesondere Cookies wurden für diesen Zweck bislang eingesetzt. Mit der Verabschiedung mehrerer rechtlicher Beschlüsse, die die eingeschränkte Nutzung von Cookies vorsehen, wurden zunehmend andere Tracking-Techniken gesucht, die transparent und ohne Einwilligung des Nutzers vollzogen werden können. In den letzten Jahren hat der Einsatz von Browser-Fingerprinting zugenommen. Dieses verwendet legitime Funktionalität des Browsers zur Bildung eines Identifikators, der analog zu Cookies zum Tracking eingesetzt werden kann. Insbesondere der Onlinehandel macht hiervon Gebrauch, um einen wachsenden Umsatz zu generieren. Jedoch ist die Anwendung nicht auf diese Domäne beschränkt. Dabei spielt die Privacy der Nutzer selten eine Rolle. Hinzu kommt, dass Browser-Fingerprinting gesetzlich nicht eindeutig reguliert ist. All dies begünstigt den invasiven Charakter dieser Technik.
Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit steht die Frage, welche Maßnahmen Browser-Fingerprinting erfolgreich verhindern können. Viele dieser Schutzmechanismen gehen mit Einschränkungen der Nutzbarkeit des Browsers einher oder besitzen unerwünschte Seiteneffekte auf die Darstellung und Funktionalität von Webseiten. Daher soll ebenfalls die Usability und deren Vereinbarkeit mit der angestrebten Privacy betrachtet werden. Dazu wird die folgende Forschungsfrage gestellt: Wie kann ein wirksamer Schutz gegen Browser-Fingerprinting aussehen, der minimale Nebenwirkungen im Bezug auf die Nutzbarkeit von Webseiten aufweist?
Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, wurde eine qualitative Studie zu aktuellen Schutzmechanismen und deren Wirkung auf die Usability durchgeführt. Spezifisch wurde in der Studie der Tradeoff zwischen Alltagstauglichkeit einer Maßnahme und Privacy bei reichhaltigen und dynamischen Webapplikationen ermittelt. Weiterhin wurde untersucht, welche Schnittstellen Einfluss auf die korrekte Darstellung und Funktionalität von Webseiten haben. Dazu wurden drei Software-Pakete betrachtet: Tor, Brave sowie die Chrome-Extension Chameleon. Diese wurden über einen Zeitraum von zwei Wochen getestet, um möglichst viele Seiteneffekte abzudecken. Die Erfolgsrate des Fingerprintings unter Verwendung der Schutzmechanismen wurde mithilfe der Bibliothek fingerprintjs ermittelt.
Die Auswertung der Studie hat ergeben, dass der Tor-Browser und Brave die Fingerprinting-Versuche erfolgreich verhindern konnten. Die Chameleon-Extension verwendet eine Erkennungs-Heuristik, die Fingerprinting durch fingerprintjs nicht erkannte. Der Brave-Browser hingegen basiert auf dem Spoofen von Schnittstellen und Attributen, die besonders häufig zum Fingerprinting verwendet werden. Hier waren Einschränkungen in der Nutzbarkeit kaum bemerkbar und deutlich geringer, verglichen zum Tor-Browser. Beim Tor-Browser waren Webseiten, die intensiven Gebrauch von JavaScript machen, häufiger von Einschränkungen betroffen. Dafür bietet dieser im höchsten Sicherheitslevel einen umfassenden Schutz gegen Fingerprinting. Er verhindert viele Vektoren, die von Brave nicht berücksichtigt werden. Beim Brave-Browser ist es möglich, spezielle Fingerprinting-Skripte zu erstellen, die nur von nicht gespooften Attributen Gebrauch machen. Diese besitzen zwar weniger Entropie, sind dafür aber stabil und können zum Tracking auf Webseiten mit wenig Verkehr effektiv eingesetzt werden. Die Analyse führt zu dem Fazit, dass ein guter Schutz gegen verbreitetes, häufig kommerziell eingesetztes Fingerprinting mit der Erhaltung der Nutzbarkeit einhergehen kann. Der Schutz gegen subtile Tracking-Techniken erfordert jedoch weitreichendere Maßnahmen, die mit aktuellen Anforderungen an moderne Web-Applikationen schwer zu vereinen sind
THE EFFECTS OF WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION ON EMG OF LEG MUSCLES WHICH ARE DIFFERENT FATIGUE RESISTANT DURING STATIC CONTRACTIONS
No full textThe purpose of the present study is to determine the effects of static whole body vibration (WBV) stimuli at low (2 mm) and high (4 mm) amplitudes and various frequencies (30-35- 40 Hz) on the neuromuscular responses of leg muscles which are different fatigue resistant. The fatigue protocol used for the determination of the fatigue index (FI).The study population was divided into two groups according to the values obtained by the FI (Group I: Less Fatigue Resistant (LFR), n=11; Group II: More Fatigue Resistance (MRF), n=11). Study results showed that LFR group that experienced a significantly higher percentage increase in the EMG activation values during higher frequencies (40 Hz) and amplitudes (4mm) (
Pienyrityksen ja tilitoimiston yhteistyö palkanlaskennassa
No full textTIIVISTELMÄ
Oulun ammattikorkeakoulu
Liiketalouden koulutusohjelma
Taloushallinto
Tekijä: Tanja Simsek
Opinnäytetyön nimi: Pienyrityksen ja tilitoimiston yhteistyö palkanlaskennassa
Työn ohjaaja: Merja Luukkonen
Työn valmistumislukukausi- ja vuosi: Syksy 2014 Sivumäärä: 36 + 3 liitesivua
Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli tutkia pienyrityksen ja tilitoimiston yhteistyötä ja työnjakomahdollisuuksia yrityksen palkanlaskentaprosessissa. Tarkoituksena oli selvittää minkälaisia palkanlaskentaan kuuluvia tehtäviä yrittäjä, joka haluaa hoitaa työntekijöidensä palkanlaskennan, voisi tarvittaessa siirtää tilitoimistonsa hoidettavaksi. Työnjakoa ja sen vaikutuksia käsitellään myös vastuunjakautumisen näkökulmasta. Opinnäytetyön toimeksiantajana on tilitoimisto RL-Tili Oy ja kohdeyrityksenä oululainen ravintola-alan yritys, joka käyttää toimeksiantajan tilitoimistopalveluja.
Teoreettinen viitekehys koostuu osapuolten väliseen toimeksiantosopimukseen liitetyistä palveluista ja sopimusehdoista. Lisäksi teoriassa käydään läpi palkkahallinnon prosesseja aina yksittäisen palkan laskemisesta palkanlaskijan tehtäviin koko työsuhteen aikana. Tutkimusmenetel-mänä on käytetty prosessianalyysiä kohdeyrityksen palkanlaskentaprosessin nykytilan kuvaamiseen. Lisäksi on käytetty teemahaastattelua tilitoimistoyritysten kokemusten ja mielipiteiden keräämiseen palkanlaskentaprosessin tehtävien työnjaosta.
Tutkimus osoitti, että tilitoimistoyritykset koosta riippumatta ovat hyvin myönteisiä kaikenlaiselle yhteistyölle asiakkaidensa kanssa. Sopimusvaiheessa jo huomioidaan asiakkaan tarpeet ja toi-veet ja yksilöityjä palvelupaketteja käytetään paljon. Sellaisissa tilitoimistoissa, joissa käytettiin nettipohjaista kirjanpito- ja palkanlaskentaohjelmistoa yhteistyö asiakkaiden kanssa sujui joustavimmin.
Tulosten perusteella tulin siihen johtopäätökseen, että kaikenlaista yhteistyötä palkanlaskennassa kohdeyrityksen ja toimeksiantajan välillä voidaan lisätä, mikäli käytössä on palkanlaskentaohjelmisto, jota molemmat osapuolet pääsevät käyttämään. Suosittelemani ohjelmisto on Palkka.fi-sivusto, joka kohdeyrityksellä on jo käytössä. Ohjelma on käyttäjilleen ilmainen ja siihen saa tarvittaessa tunnukset myös tilitoimistolle. Lisäksi kohdeyrityksen henkilöstömäärä on vuositasolla alle viisi, mikä myös puoltaa Palkka.fi-ohjelmiston soveltuvuutta tässä tapauksessa.
Asiasanat: Palkkahallinto, Palkka.fi, prosessianalyysi, toimeksiantosopimus ABSTRACT
Oulu University of Applied Sciences
Degree Programme in Business Economics, Option of Financial Adminstration
Author: Tanja Simsek
Title of thesis: Cooperation in payroll computation between small company and accounting firm
Supervisor: Merja Luukkonen
Term and year when the thesis was submitted: Autumn 2014 Number of pages: 36 + 3 pages of appendices
The aim of this thesis was to examine the cooperation and the possibilities of sharing duties in payroll computation between a small company and an accounting firm. The aim was to find out what kind of individual tasks in salary calculation an entrepreneur taking care of employees' payroll could transfer to the accounting firm. The division of tasks and its effects were examined also from the perspective of the division of responsibility. The thesis was commissioned by the accounting firm RL-tili Oy and the case company operates in catering business and is located in Oulu.
The theoretical framework consisted a commission agreement between the parties connected to the services and the terms of the contract. Furthermore, the theory discussed payroll administration processes for example an individual salary calculation and wages clerk duties throughout the course of employment. As a research method process analysis was employed to describe the case company's current state of the payroll process. In addition, the theme interview was also conducted to gather experiences and opinions of accounting firms in the division of tasks in the payroll process.
The study showed that accounting firms, regardless of size, welcome all kinds of cooperation with their customers. The agreement phase already takes customer's hopes and needs into account. Personalized service packages are widely used. Those accounting firms, using a web-based accounting and payroll software cooperation with the customers were the most flexible ones.
Based on the result it could be concluded that any kind of cooperation in payroll can be increased between the case company and RL-Tili Oy if there is a common payroll software. The recom-mended software is called Palkka.fi site, which is already being used by the case company. The programme is free and it is possible to add new users and create IDs to the accounting firm. The fact that the amount of employees' of the case company is less than five on an annual basis, supports the use of Palkka.fi software in this case.
Keywords: Salary administration, Palkka.fi, process analysis, commission agreemen
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