1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Analysis of Black Carbon Emission Factors Based on Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in an Urban Street Canyon
Get PDFAir quality monitoring has always been an important topic of concern in urban environments. In cities traffic was always considered to be one of the main sources of emissions. In addition to gaseous emissions, traffic emits substantial amount of particulate matter which has diverse effects on human health and climate. Out of all traffic-related particulate emissions black carbon presents the most interest and concern. Many recent studies have stated that black carbon poses more danger to climate and human health than commonly used PM2.5.
In this work black carbon was continuously measured by Helsinki Regional Environmental Services (HSY) for one year in the Mäkelänkatu Supersite in Makelankatu street canyon in Helsinki. In addition to black carbon, the concentrations of carbon dioxide as well as other traffic-related pollutants were measured at this station. Background levels of carbon dioxide were recorded by Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) at Kumpula measurement station (SMEAR-III) for the same time period. The main aim of this work was to study the emission factors of black carbon and their temporal variations throughout the observation period. Another aim was to understand the effects of background concentrations of trace gas on the emission factors and determine the approach to minimise the effects. To achieve these aims, the data about concentrations of black carbon and carbon dioxide was analysed during different time constraints and separating work days from weekends, and used during calculations of emission factors. To mitigate the effects of the background on emission factor calculations, a special algorithm was implemented and used in the calculations of the final results.
The data analysis has revealed a monthly variation in emission factors to be from 0.08 to 0.10 gBC kgfuel-1 with highest levels being during summer period. The main assumption is that such a variation is related to traffic behaviour, however slight drop in carbon dioxide concentrations during summer time hint on the effects of vegetation. Moreover, the overall levels of emission factors were found to be the highest during the working days. The diurnal analysis of emission factors has shown one consistent peak in values during morning rush hours with individual peaks during other times. The reason for this was not studied in this work however assumed to be related to traffic distribution and rates
Integrering av biologisk mångfaldspåverkan i livscykelanalys : Tillämpat på en fallstudie av landbaserad vindkraftsproduktion
No full textenergy systems is imperative. Among them, is wind energy – method which is commonly associated with low GHG emissions during the operation and energy generation. While this is true, the operation of wind farms is associated with significant impacts on biodiveristy. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is widely applied for quantification of environmental impacts and has become the main tool for decisionmakers and scientific community to assess biodiveristy. However, recent research suggests that the inclusion of biodiveristy impacts in LCA framework is limited and does not provide sufficient assessment of the phenomenon. To address this gap, current thesis aims to (1) examine methodological robustness of the current LCA approaches for biodiversity assessment, and (2) understand how the effects of onshore wind power production on biodiversity can be assessed in a more comprehensive way within the LCA framework. A combination of literature review, comparative assessment of available biodiveristy footprinting methods and a comparative LCA study of a wind farm was conducted to inform the research objectives. The findings reveal several aspects. First, the methodological choices regarding the life cycle impact analysis (LCIA) method significantly influence the outcomes of the LCA. Second, the majority of the available beyond-LCA methods – methods which are based on life cycle thinking approaches or use alternative frameworks – only partially capture key biodiversity loss drivers relevant to wind power, highlighting the important gap – lack of sector-specific methodological approaches. Lastly, methods which could be offer good coverage of biodiversity aspects are difficult to incorporate in existing LCA framework. To address this, a stepwise approach has been suggested explaining how practitioners can start closing the gap for sector-specific assessment. The steps include (1) quantificaiton of relevant biodiveristy drivers, (2) translation of pressures into relevant impact pathways for inventory and (3) selection of suitable methods; if there are not relevant LCIA methods available, combine the existing approch with alternative biodiversity footprinting methods which cover the relevant impacts. The research highlights the importance of method selection in biodiveristy footprinting and provides actionable guidance for LCA practitioners and decision-makers who want to improve their practices.Energisystem är absolut nödvändiga. Bland dem finns vindkraft – en metod som ofta förknippas med låga utsläpp av växthusgaser under drift och energiproduktion. Även om detta är sant, är driften av vindkraftsparker förknippad med betydande påverkan på den biologiska mångfalden. Livscykelanalys (LCA) används i stor utsträckning för kvantifiering av miljöpåverkan och har blivit det viktigaste verktyget för beslutsfattare och forskarsamhället för att bedöma biologisk mångfald. Ny forskning tyder dock på att inkluderandet av effekter på biologisk mångfald i LCA-ramverket är begränsat och inte ger en tillräcklig bedömning av fenomenet. För att åtgärda denna brist syftar den aktuella avhandlingen till att (1) undersöka metodologisk robusthet hos de nuvarande LCA-metoderna för bedömning av biologisk mångfald, och (2) förstå hur effekterna av landbaserad vindkraftsproduktion på biologisk mångfald kan bedömas på ett mer omfattande sätt inom LCA-ramverket. En kombination av litteraturgenomgång, jämförande bedömning av tillgängliga metoder för biodiversitetsavtryck och en jämförande LCA-studie av en vindkraftspark genomfördes för att informera forskningsmålen. Resultaten avslöjar flera aspekter. För det första påverkar de metodologiska valen avseende livscykelkonsekvensanalys (LCIA) resultaten avsevärt. För det andra fångar majoriteten av de tillgängliga metoderna bortom livscykelanalys – metoder som är baserade på livscykeltänkande eller använder alternativa ramverk – endast delvis viktiga drivkrafter för förlust av biologisk mångfald som är relevanta för vindkraft, vilket belyser den viktiga bristen – bristen på sektorspecifika metodologiska tillvägagångssätt. Slutligen är metoder som skulle kunna erbjuda god täckning av aspekter av biologisk mångfald svåra att införliva i befintliga LCA-ramverk. För att hantera detta har en stegvis metod föreslagits som förklarar hur yrkesverksamma kan börja minska bristen för sektorspecifik bedömning. Stegen inkluderar (1) kvantifiering av relevanta drivkrafter för biologisk mångfald, (2) översättning av påfrestningar till relevanta påverkansvägar för inventering och (3) val av lämpliga metoder. Om det inte finns relevanta LCA-metoder tillgängliga, kombinera den befintliga metoden med alternativa metoder för biologisk mångfaldsavtryck som täcker de relevanta effekterna. Forskningen belyser vikten av metodval vid fotavtryck för biologisk mångfald och ger handlingskraftig vägledning för LCA-yrkesverksamma och beslutsfattare som vill förbättra sina metoder
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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