1,720,968 research outputs found
Effetto della memantina su modelli animali di disturbi dell'umore
Full text linkAIM:Mood disorders are one of the leading causes of morbidity, disability and premature mortality contributing for about 50% of the non-fatal burden of mental disorders.Bipolar disorder (BD) has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1.0% for BD-I, 1.1% for BD-II and 2.4% for BD-NOS. Eighty-three percent of BD cases are classified as “seriously severe” and 17.1% as “moderately severe”.Long-term prophylactic treatment of BD aimed at preventing recurrences of the various phases is a leading clinical and research challenge for contemporary psychiatry. Dopaminergic behavioural supersensitivity induced by chronic treatment with antidepressants might be involved both in the antidepressant action and in the mechanisms underlying antidepressant treatment-related mania (antidepressant-induced mood switch and possibly, rapid cycling bipolar disorder).The stimulation of NMDA receptors is required for the development of dopamine receptor sensitization induced by antidepressants. Indeed, the administration of MK-801, a selective non-competitive NMDA receptor blocker, completely prevents the dopamine receptor sensitization induced by imipramine and by electroconvulsive shock.These observations strongly suggest that the non-competitive blockade of NMDA receptors should result in an anti-manic and mood stabilizing action, and that it should also be effective in the treatment of the disorders resistant to currently used antimanic and mood stabilizers.Memantine is a non-competitve NMDA receptor antagonist, she has been on the market in since 1982 for the treatment of Parkinsonism, before its approval in 2002 and 2004 by EMEA and FDA for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's Disease.Although its actual efficacy on the AD patient's quality of life has proven to be moderate, several pre-marketing and post marketing studies have demonstrated the excellent safety and tolerability profile of the drug.Moreover, the drug has been used off-label in a number of neurological and psychiatric conditions, including depression, with conflicting and inconclusive results.To further clarify the farmacology of memantine, I studied hers effect in animal models of in mood disorders.METHOD:Male and Female rats treated with memantine in animal model of:• dopaminergic behavioural supersensitivity• bipolard disorders by chronic antidepressant• stress• catatonia by haloperidol• tardive dyskinesia by cronic haloperidolRESULTS:The results show that memantine, at variance with antidepressant treatments (including drugs, electroconvulsive schock, REM-sleep deprivation), fails to induce dopaminergic behavioural supersensitivity. Therefore has not an antidepressant action.Memantine prevents not only, as observed with MK-801, the sensitization of dopamine receptors induced by chronic imipramine (mania), but also the ensuing desensitization of those receptors and the associated depressive-like behavior. Thus stabilizes the course of the manic-depressive illness Furthermore, memantine prevents stress, catatonia and tardive dyskinesia.This observation is consistent with the results of clinical studies suggesting that memantine has not an antidepressant action but an antimanic and mood-stabilizing effect
Antidepressant-induced dopamine receptor dysregulation: A valid animal model of manic-depressive illness
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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