1,720,967 research outputs found

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Perfil químico da castanha de sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis cambess) e obtenção de extrato hidrossolúvel vegetal por crioconcentração

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    Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos, Florianópolis, 2019A castanha de sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis Cambess) é uma oleaginosa nativa da Amazônia, que ocorretambém nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste, abrangendo no Brasil os biomas Amazônia e Mata Atlântica. Apesar do seu potencial nutricional e econômico, a castanha de sapucaia permanece inexplorada.Neste trabalho foi estudado o perfil químico da castanha de sapucaia e de seus subprodutos (torta e casca). Além disso, foi avaliado o efeito da crioconcentração nas propriedades nutricionais do extrato hidrossolúvel da torta da castanha de sapucaia. As castanhas e tortas apresentaram alto teor de lipídios (47,9 a 60,8 g 100 g-1), proteínas (15,8 a 19,5 g 100g-1), fibra alimentar (16,5 a 22,6 g 100 g-1) e selênio (26,4 a 46,94 µg g-1). O óleo apresentou elevada composição de ácidos graxos insaturados (39,7 a 45,4% de ácido oléico e 32,2 a 46,6% de ácido linoléico). Os principais triacilgliceróis no óleo de sapucaia foram LLO, PLO, LOO, POO, OOO, PLL e LLL. O Índice de Estabilidade Oxidativa (8,57-12,95 horas) indicou a presença de compostos antioxidantes no óleo. Os principais lipídeos bioativos identificados no óleo foram ?-tocoferol (19,2 a 28,5 mg 100 g-1) e ß-sitosterol (92,8 a 194 mg 100 g-1). Na castanha de sapucaia foram identificados por LC-ESI-MS/MS 14 compostos fenólicos, principalmente ácidos fenólicos e flavonóides. Catequina, epicatequina, miricetina, ácido elágico e ácido ferúlico apresentaram correlação significativa com a atividade antioxidante. Na casca da sapucaia foram identificados 22 compostos fenólicos. Os ácidos gálico, protocatecuico, vanílico, ferúlico e elágico, epigalocatequina, catequina, epicatequina, taxifolina, miricetrina e vanilina foram os compostos fenólicos quantificados em todas as amostras. Todos os compostos identificados foram reportados pela primeira vez nesta matéria-prima. O composto fenólico mais abundante encontrado na casca de sapucaia foi a catequina. O extrato de casca de sapucaia apresentou o maior teor de compostos fenólicos totais, alto teor de taninos condensados e alta atividade antioxidante. O efeito de cinco estágios de crioconcentração em bloco sobre os compostos nutricionais e fitoquímicos do extrato hidrossolúvel obtido a partir da torta de castanha de sapucaia foi estudado. Em relação à composição dos concentrados observou-se que os teores de sólidos totais, proteínas, cinzas, carboidratos, sólidos solúveis (°Brix) e minerais aumentaram com os estágios de crioconcentração.O concentrado apresentou valores crescentes de compostos fenólicos totaise atividade antioxidante pelo método ABTS nos estágios C3, C4, C5 de crioconcentração. No entanto, a atividade antioxidante determinada pelo ensaio FRAP aumentou significativamente (p <0,05) para todos os estágios de crioconcentração.Os compostos fenólicos como os ácidos gálico, vanílico, ferúlico, sinápico e salicílico, catequina, taxifolina e sinapaldeído, aumentaram substancialmente em todos os estágios de crioconcentração. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a castanha de sapucaia e seus subprodutos são ricos em compostos nutricionais, bioativos e antioxidantes. Além disso, as matérias-primas estudadas podem ser consideradas promissoras para a indústria de alimentos, cosmética e farmacêutica. A torta de castanha de sapucaia pode ser utilizada para a obtenção de extrato hidrossolúvel e a tecnologia de crioconcentração pode ser utilizada para a concentração de nutrientes e compostos bioativos. As frações obtidas através da concentração por sua vez podem ser utilizadas como ingrediente para o enriquecimento nutricional de diferentes alimentos.Abstract: The sapucaia nut (Lecythis pisonis Cambess) is an oleaginous native of the Amazon, occurring also in the Northeast and Southeast regions, covering in Brazil the Amazon and Atlantic Forest biomes. Despite its nutritional and economic potential, Brazil nut remains unexplored. In this work the chemical profile of the sapucaia nut and its co-products (cake and shell) was studied. In addition, the effect of cryoconcentration on the nutritional properties of the hydrosoluble sapucaia nut extract was evaluated.The nuts and cake exhibited a high content of lipid (47.9 to 60.8 g 100 g-1), protein (15.8 to 19.5 g 100 g-1), dietary fiber (16.5 to 22.6 g 100 g-1) and provided an excellent source of selenium (26.4 to 46.94 µg g-1). The oil contained a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids (39.7 to 45.4% of oleic and 32.2 to 46.6% of linoleic acids). The major triacylglycerols in the sapucaia oil were LLO, PLO, LOO, POO, OOO, PLL and LLL. The Oxidative Stability Index (8.57-12.95 hours) indicating the presence of antioxidant compounds in the oil. The main bioactive lipids identified in the oil were ?-tocopherol (19.2 to 28.5 mg 100 g-1) and ß-sitosterol (92.8 to 194 mg 100 g-1). 14 phenolic compounds were identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS in the sapucaia nut extract, primarily phenolic acids and flavonoids. Catechin, epicatechin, myricetin, ellagic acid and ferulic acid presented significant correlation to the antioxidant activity. The sapucaia shell contained 22 phenolic compounds. The gallic, protocatechuic, vanillic, ferulic, and ellagic acids, epigallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, taxifolin, myricetin, and vanillin were quantifiedin all samples. All identified compounds were reported for the first time in this raw material.Catechin was the most abundant phenolic compound found in sapucaia shell. The sapucaia shell extract showed a high content of total phenolic compounds, a high condensed tannins content, and high antioxidant activity. The effect of five stages of freezing concentration in blocks on the nutritional and phytochemical compounds of the hydrosoluble extract of sapucaia nut cake was studied. Overall, in relation to concentrates composition was observed that total solids, proteins, ash, carbohydrate, soluble solids (°Brix) and minerals contents increased with the freeze concentration stages. The concentrate showed increasing values of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity by the ABTS method in the cryoconcentration stages C3, C4 and C5. However, the antioxidant activity determined by the FRAP assay increased significantly (p <0.05) for all stages of cryoconcentration. The isolated phenolic compounds detected by LC-ESI-MS/MS, such as gallic, vanillic, ferulic, sinapic and salicylic acids, catechin, taxifolin andsinapaldehyde, improved substantially in all freeze concentration stages.The results indicated that the sapucaia nut and by-products are rich in nutritional compounds, bioactive and antioxidants and their presence in the diet can contribute to the maintenance of human health. In addition, the raw materials studied may be considered promising for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The sapucaia cake can be used to obtain a hydrosoluble extract and the cryoconcentration technology can be used for the concentration of nutrients and bioactive compounds. The fractions obtained through the concentration in turn can be used as an ingredient for the nutritional enrichment of different food

    Formation biofilm and antibiotic resistance profile and sanitizers isolates of Pseudomonas spp. and Listeria spp. of chicken cuts and buffalo

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    The adhesion and microorganisms biofilm formation on surfaces of equipment and utensilsin food processingresults inserious problem for the industry because it actsas a source of contamination are less resistant to sanitizers and antimicrobial action. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of Pseudomonas spp. and Listeria spp. present in chicken and buffalo meat, to form biofilms on the surface of polystyrene plates and stainless steel as well as verify their resistance to sanitizers and antimicrobials. Sixty nine bacterial isolates were used, 19 species of Listeria and 50 species of Pseudomonas spp. The isolates were evaluated to their biofilm formation capacity in polystyrene microplates and stainless steel. Isolated stainless steel biofilm formers were tested for sanitizing action of organic chlorine and quaternary ammonium (200 ppm) and submitted antimicrobial resistance testing. The ability to form biofilmon polystyrene microplates was 73,7 % in isolates of Listeria spp. and 32 % for Pseudomonas spp. All isolates of Listeria spp. and 72 % of Pseudomonas spp. showed the ability to form biofilm on stainless steel specimens. The sanitizing organic chlorine and quaternary ammonium were effective to reduce Listeria spp. and Pseudomonas spp. biofilm formation in stainless steel. Quaternary ammonium was more effective than organic chlorine to reduce Listeria spp. biofilm formation from buffalo meat. Isolates belonging to the Listeria generous showed greater resistance to penicillin (94.7 %), clindamycin (84.2 %), oxacillin (73.7 %) and cefepime (57.9 %), and 94.7 % were resistant to two or more antimicrobial. Meropenem was the less effective antimicroban of or Pseudomonas spp. It was also found that 84 % of isolates of Pseudomonas spp. were multirresistentes to antimicrobianos. The isolates from chicken meat cuts and buffalo were biofilm-forming polystyrene and stainless steel and were resistant to antimicrobials, which gives risk to consumer health.Sem bolsaA adesão e formação de biofilmes de micro-organismos a superfícies de equipamentos e utensílios no processamento de alimentos resulta em grave problema para a indústria, pois atua como fonte de contaminação do alimento, por serem mais resistentes a ação de sanitizantes e antimicrobianos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de Pseudomonas spp. e Listeria spp., provenientes de cortes de carnes de frango e de búfalo de frigoríficos e do comércio varejista da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, de formar biofilmes em superfície de placas de poliestireno e aço inoxidável, bem como verificar a resistência destes a sanificantes e a antimicrobianos. Foram utilizados 69 isolados bacterianos provenientes de cortes de carnes de frango e de búfalo, sendo 19 de espécies de Listeria e 50 de Pseudomonas spp. Os isolados foram avaliados quanto à formação de biofilme em microplacas de poliestireno e em corpos de prova de aço inoxidável. Os isolados formadores de biofilme em aço inoxidável foram testados quanto à ação de sanitizantes: cloro orgânico e quaternário de amônio (200 ppm) e submetidos ao teste de resistência antimicrobiana. A formação biofilme em microplacas de poliestireno foi de 73,7 % para isolados de Listeria spp. e de 32 % para isolados de Pseudomonas spp. Todos os isolados de Listeria spp. e 72% dos isolados de Pseudomonas spp. formaram biofilmes em corpos de prova de aço inoxidável. O quaternário de amônio foi mais eficaz que o cloro orgânico na redução de biofilme de Listeria spp. e Pseudomonas spp. Os isolados pertencentes ao gênero Listeria apresentaram maior resistência à penicilina (94,7 %), à clindamicina (84,2 %), à oxacilina (73,7 %) e à cefepime (57,9 %), sendo que 94,7 % foram resistentes a dois ou mais antimicrobianos. Meropenem foi o antimicrobano menos efetivo para Pseudomonas spp. Também foram encontrados 84% dos isolados de Pseudomonas spp. multirresistentes a antimicrobianos. Conclui-se que os isolados provenientes de cortes de carnes de frango e de bubalino foram formadores de biofilme em poliestireno e aço inoxidável e apresentaram resistência a antimicrobianos, o que confere riscos a saúde do consumidor

    Formation biofilm and antibiotic resistance profile and sanitizers isolates of Pseudomonas spp. and Listeria spp. of chicken cuts and buffalo

    No full text
    The adhesion and microorganisms biofilm formation on surfaces of equipment and utensilsin food processingresults inserious problem for the industry because it actsas a source of contamination are less resistant to sanitizers and antimicrobial action. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of Pseudomonas spp. and Listeria spp. present in chicken and buffalo meat, to form biofilms on the surface of polystyrene plates and stainless steel as well as verify their resistance to sanitizers and antimicrobials. Sixty nine bacterial isolates were used, 19 species of Listeria and 50 species of Pseudomonas spp. The isolates were evaluated to their biofilm formation capacity in polystyrene microplates and stainless steel. Isolated stainless steel biofilm formers were tested for sanitizing action of organic chlorine and quaternary ammonium (200 ppm) and submitted antimicrobial resistance testing. The ability to form biofilmon polystyrene microplates was 73,7 % in isolates of Listeria spp. and 32 % for Pseudomonas spp. All isolates of Listeria spp. and 72 % of Pseudomonas spp. showed the ability to form biofilm on stainless steel specimens. The sanitizing organic chlorine and quaternary ammonium were effective to reduce Listeria spp. and Pseudomonas spp. biofilm formation in stainless steel. Quaternary ammonium was more effective than organic chlorine to reduce Listeria spp. biofilm formation from buffalo meat. Isolates belonging to the Listeria generous showed greater resistance to penicillin (94.7 %), clindamycin (84.2 %), oxacillin (73.7 %) and cefepime (57.9 %), and 94.7 % were resistant to two or more antimicrobial. Meropenem was the less effective antimicroban of or Pseudomonas spp. It was also found that 84 % of isolates of Pseudomonas spp. were multirresistentes to antimicrobianos. The isolates from chicken meat cuts and buffalo were biofilm-forming polystyrene and stainless steel and were resistant to antimicrobials, which gives risk to consumer health.Sem bolsaA adesão e formação de biofilmes de micro-organismos a superfícies de equipamentos e utensílios no processamento de alimentos resulta em grave problema para a indústria, pois atua como fonte de contaminação do alimento, por serem mais resistentes a ação de sanitizantes e antimicrobianos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de Pseudomonas spp. e Listeria spp., provenientes de cortes de carnes de frango e de búfalo de frigoríficos e do comércio varejista da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, de formar biofilmes em superfície de placas de poliestireno e aço inoxidável, bem como verificar a resistência destes a sanificantes e a antimicrobianos. Foram utilizados 69 isolados bacterianos provenientes de cortes de carnes de frango e de búfalo, sendo 19 de espécies de Listeria e 50 de Pseudomonas spp. Os isolados foram avaliados quanto à formação de biofilme em microplacas de poliestireno e em corpos de prova de aço inoxidável. Os isolados formadores de biofilme em aço inoxidável foram testados quanto à ação de sanitizantes: cloro orgânico e quaternário de amônio (200 ppm) e submetidos ao teste de resistência antimicrobiana. A formação biofilme em microplacas de poliestireno foi de 73,7 % para isolados de Listeria spp. e de 32 % para isolados de Pseudomonas spp. Todos os isolados de Listeria spp. e 72% dos isolados de Pseudomonas spp. formaram biofilmes em corpos de prova de aço inoxidável. O quaternário de amônio foi mais eficaz que o cloro orgânico na redução de biofilme de Listeria spp. e Pseudomonas spp. Os isolados pertencentes ao gênero Listeria apresentaram maior resistência à penicilina (94,7 %), à clindamicina (84,2 %), à oxacilina (73,7 %) e à cefepime (57,9 %), sendo que 94,7 % foram resistentes a dois ou mais antimicrobianos. Meropenem foi o antimicrobano menos efetivo para Pseudomonas spp. Também foram encontrados 84% dos isolados de Pseudomonas spp. multirresistentes a antimicrobianos. Conclui-se que os isolados provenientes de cortes de carnes de frango e de bubalino foram formadores de biofilme em poliestireno e aço inoxidável e apresentaram resistência a antimicrobianos, o que confere riscos a saúde do consumidor

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods
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