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Визначення бактеріальних ризиків та контрольних критичних точок за промислового виробництва курячого харчового яйця
No full textThe aim: study the bacterial risks and to determine the control critical points at the industrial production of chicken edible egg.
Materials and methods. The first stage of our research was to study the degree of risk of contamination by opportunistic and pathogenic microflora at all stages of production of chicken edible eggs according to ISO 22000:2007. In order to achieve the goal, bacteriological research was conducted on pathological material from day-old chickens and adult birds, the content of marketable eggs from birds of different age groups; as well as washed from the equipment of poultry farms, the repair young poultry department, the industrial herd department, egg sorting and certification workshops, from the surface of the egg, from the working surfaces of special vehicles. Bacterial contamination of air, droppings, bedding, complete feed was studied. Bacteriological studies were carried out according to generally accepted schemes, using accumulative, selective and differential diagnostic media (heptadecyl sulfate agar, endo, xylose-lysine agar, differentiated agar with diamond green, Muller-Hinton). The sampling was carried out using universal sterile applicators "Voles".
The next stage was to analyze the results of bacteriological studies and determine the basic list of criteria for creating critical control points (CCPs) for the further development of a risk management scheme for the bacterial biosafety of edible eggs according to HACCP principles.
Results. Isolation of S. aureus from the heart and lungs, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp, Enterococcus spp - from the intestines of day-old chickens and litter - indicate violations of veterinary and sanitary standards in the hatchery and the low quality of disinfection before the placement of day-old young birds, as well as non-observance of veterinary and sanitary norms for the transportation regime of day-old young birds. Isolation of E. coli, Enterobacter spp, Klebsiella spp.Str. zymogenes from compound feed, and E. coli, Enterobacter spp, Shigella spp. in washings from the equipment of the feed mill is evidence of insufficient veterinary and sanitary control of incoming raw materials, compound feed, as well as poorly carried out disinfection of equipment and specialized vehicles.When examining objects from the production line, E. coli, Enterobacter spp., P. aeruginosa, and S. epiderrmidis were most often isolated. From the pathological material during the bacteriological examination, microflora of the genus E. coli, Streptococcus spp., S. aureus (most often pathogenic serotypes) prevailed. As a result of the analysis of the conducted studies, we determined a basic list of criteria for creating a CCP and developing a risk management scheme for the bacterial biosafety of edible eggs according to the principles of HACCP.
Conclusions. As a result of the bacteriological monitoring of objects of the technological cycle of chicken edible egg production, we established a list of bacteriological risks at all stages of production. As a result of the conducted research, it was determined, that the spectrum of bacterial contamination was mainly represented by opportunistic microflora. In the majority, the following types of microorganisms were detected: E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp, Enterococcus spp. But C. jejuni, Streptococcus spp., S. aureus. Salmonella spp, which are the most dangerous for the consumer and poultry, were not isolated. We studied the bacterial risks at all the main stages of the industrial production of chicken edible eggs and identified the main critical control points of production according to the principles of the HACCP systemМета: вивчити бактеріальні ризики та визначити контрольні критичні точки за промислового виробництва харчових курячих яєць.
Матеріали та методи. Першим етапом наших досліджень було вивчення ступеню ризику контамінації умовно-патогенною мікрофлорою на всіх етапах виробництва курячих харчових яєць згідно з ISO 22000:2007. Для досягнення поставленої мети проведено бактеріологічне дослідження патологічного матеріалу добових курчат і дорослої птиці, вмісту товарних яєць від птиці різних вікових груп; а також змивів з обладнання птахофабрик, цеху ремонтного молодняку птиці, цеху промислового стада, цехів сортування та сертифікації яєць, з поверхні яйця, з робочих поверхонь спецмашин. Вивчали бактеріальне забруднення повітря, посліду, підстилки, повнораціонних комбікормів. Бактеріологічні дослідження проводили за загальноприйнятими схемами, використовуючи накопичувальні, селективні та диференціально-діагностичні середовища (гептадецилсульфатний агар, Ендо, ксилозо-лізиновий агар, дифференцований агар з діамантовим зеленим, Мюллера-Хінтона). Відбір проб проводили за допомогою універсальних стерильних аплікаторів «Волес».
Наступним етапом був аналіз результатів бактеріологічних досліджень та визначення базового переліку критеріїв для створення критичних контрольних точок (ККТ) для подальшої розробки схеми управління ризиками бактеріальної біобезпеки харчових яєць за принципами НАССР.
Результати. ВиділенняS. Aureusі з серця та легенів, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacterspp, Enterococcusspp – із кишечника добових курчат та посліду – свідчать про порушення ветеринарно-санітарних норм у інкубаційному цеху та низьку якість проведення дезінфекції перед посадкою добового молодняку, а також недотримання ветеринарно-санітарних норм режиму транспортування добового молодняку. Виділення E. coli, Enterobacterspp, Klebsiellaspp., Str. zymogenes з комбікорму, а такожE. coli, Enterobacterspp, Shigellaspp. - у змивах з обладнання комбікормового заводу свідчать про недостатній ветеринарно-санітарний контроль сировини, що надходить, готового комбікорму, а також неякісно проведену дезінфекцію обладнання та спецтранспорту. При дослідженні об’єктів з виробничої лінії найчастіше виділяли E. coli, Enterobacterspp., P. aeruginosa, S. epiderrmidis. З патологічного матеріалу від птиці при бактеріологічному дослідженні переважала мікрофлора роду E. coli, Streptococcusspp., S. aureus (найчастіше патогенні серотипи). У результаті аналізу проведених досліджень визначено базовий перелік критеріїв для створення ККТ та розробки схеми управління ризиками бактеріальної біобезпеки харчових яєць за принципами НАССР.
Висновки. За результатами бактеріологічного моніторингу об’єктів технологічного циклу виробництва курячих харчових яєць нами встановлено перелік бактеріологічних ризиків на всіх етапах виробництва. В результаті проведених досліджень встановлено, що спектр бактеріального обсіменіння представлений переважно умовно-патогенною мікрофлорою. У більшості виявлено наступні види мікроорганізмів: E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacterspp, Enterococcusspp. Бактерії C. jejuni, Streptococcusspp., S. aureus.,Salmonellaspp, які є найбільш небезпечними для споживача та птиці, не виділені. Досліджено бактеріальні ризики на всіх основних етапах промислового виробництва курячих харчових яєць та визначено основні критичні контрольні точки виробництва за принципами системи НАСС
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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