1,720,955 research outputs found
Rural household composition and labor demand in the labor market: The case of office du Niger at Mali
No full textGelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki tarım sektörü, yetersiz pazarlara maruz kalan küçük ölçekli tarımın hakim
olduğu; düşük üretkenlik, düşük sermaye ve yoğun tarımın sürekliliği ile karakterize edilir. Çalışmanın
amacı, hanehalklarının sosyo-ekonomik faaliyetlerini incelerken hanehalkı üretim ve tüketim kararlarının
ayrılmazlık hipotezini test etmektir. Kredi kısıtlamasının hanehalkının üretkenliği ve teknik etkinliği
üzerindeki etkisi Mali Cumhuriyeti’nde yer alan Office du Niger bölgesinde analiz edilmiştir.
Araştırmadaki örneklem büyüklüğü, tabakalı rastgele örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Kullanılan
örnekleme yöntemine göre bulunan örneklem sayısı 400 üreticinin verileri ile hanehalkı düzeyinde anket
yapılarak elde edilmiştir.
Hanehalkının katılmayı seçtiği iş veya tayınlama rejimini belirlemek için multinomial model uygulanmış
olup ardından ayrılmazlık hipotezini test etmek için en küçük kareler ve iki aşamalı en küçük kareler
regresiyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Kısıtlanmış ve kısıtlanmamış hanelerin üretkenliği üzerinde kredi
kısıtlamasının etkisini belirlemek için switching regresyonu kullanılmıştır. Ancak, kısıtlanmış ve
kısıtlanmamış üreticilerin teknik etkinlik tahmin etmek için stokastik sınırlar yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
İncelenen işletmelerde, işletme başına düşen ortalama nüfus varlığı 3,74 kişi olup, işletme ortalamasına
göre toplam nüfusun %57,83’ü erkek ve %42,17’si kadınlardan oluşmaktadır. İşletmelerdeki aktif
sermayenin %41,17’i arazi sermayesi ve %58,83’ü işletme sermayesidir. Aktif sermayenin sırayla %33,46’ı
alet ve makine, %19,34’ü hayvan sermayesi, %30,28’i bina sermayesi, %1,84’ü arazi ıslahı sermayesi,
%1,17’i bitki sermayesi, %7,88’i toprak sermayesi, %4,92’si para sermayesi, %1,11’i malzeme ve
mühimmat sermayesidir. İşletmelerin ortalamasına göre pasif sermayenin %6,44’ü yabancı sermayeden,
%93,56’ı ise öz sermayeden oluşmaktadır. İncelenen işletmelerin ortalamasına göre mali ve ekonomik
rantabilite oranları sırasıyla %4,31 ve % 4,49 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
En küçük kareler ve iki aşamalı en küçük kareler modeli kullanılması, hanehalkı işgücü talebini yalnızca
demoğrafik değişkenlerin etkilediğini ve dolayısıyla ayrılmazlık hipotezinin geçerliliğini göstermiştir. Bu
çalışma, hanehalkının kompozisyonu işgücü ile eşzamanlı olarak belirlendiğini ileri sürmektedir. Bu,
üretim ve tüketim kararları arasında ayrılmazlık hipotezi göstermektedir. Ancak switching regresyon
sonuçları, kredi kısıtlamalarının kaldırılması, kısıtlanmış hanelerin verimliliğini %12,72 oranında
artıracağını göstermiştir. Stokastik sınırlar sonuçları, kısıtlanmış ve kısıtlanmamış haneler arasında
%49,56’lık bir teknik etkinlik farkını ortaya çıkarmıştır.
Karar alıcılar, kredi başvurusunda bulunan çiftçilerin kredi kısıtlamasını azaltmak ve üretim seviyesini
artırmak için arazilerini teminat olarak kullanmalarına izin veren kadastro yasasını gözden geçirmelidirler.
The agricultural sector in developing countries is characterized by the persistence of low productivity, low
capital-intensive agriculture, dominated by smallholder agriculture exposed to imperfect markets.
However, the aim of the study, is to test the non-separability hypothesis of household production and
consumption decisions while examining the socio-economic activities of households, and to analyze the
effect of credit constraint on the productivity and technical efficiency of households in the Office du Niger
region in the Republic of Mali. The sample size in the study was determined by stratified random sampling
method. According to the sampling method used, the sample obtened was 400 producers, and the data were
obtained by conducting a household survey.
A multinomial model was applied to identify the work or rationing regime in which the household chose to
participate and then Ordinary Least Squarres (OLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression
analysis was used to test the non-separability hypothesis. Switching regression was used to determine the
impact of credit constraint on the productivity of constrained and unconstrained households. However, the
Stochastic Frontiers Analysis was used to estimate the technical efficiency of constrained and unconstrained
producers.
In the household’s farms examined, household population was calculated as 3,74 persons and the total
population was composed at 57,83% males and 42,17% females on average per farm. The active capital
was composed by 41,17% of the land capital and 58,83% is working capital.
Active capital was composed at 33,46% of the the tool and machinery capital, 30,28% of the building
capital, 19,34% of animal capital, 1,84% of the land improvement capital, 1,17% of the plant capital, 7,88%
of the land capital, 4,92% of the money capital, 1,11% of the material and ammunition capital. Passive
capital was composed of 6,44% of foreign capital and 93,56% of domestic capital on average per farm. The
economic and financial profitability ratios were calculated as 4,31% and 4,49%, respectively.
The using of Ordinary Least Squarres and Two-Stage Least Squares method all showed that only
demographic variables influence household labour demand, hence the non-separability hypothesis. This
study suggests that the composition of the household is determined simultaneously with the workforce.
This illustrates the non-separability hypothesis between production and consumption decisions. However,
the switching regression results showed that removing credit constraints will increase the productivity of
constrained households by 12,72%. The Stochastic Frontiers Analysis results revealed a technical efficiency
difference of 49,56% between constrained and unconstrained households.
To reduce the credit constraint and boost the production level, policymakers should revise cadastral laws
allowing farmers to use their land as collateral when applying for loans
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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