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Accord et non-accord du qualificatif dans les langues gur
No full textDelplanque Alain. Accord et non-accord du qualificatif dans les langues gur. In: Faits de langues, n°8, Septembre 1996. L'accord. pp. 63-76
Les verbes d'apparence
No full textTravaux menés au sein de l'équipe "Langues & représentations" de l'Université François Rabelais de Tours (2004-2005)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Typologie linguistique et histoire du peuplement: le cas des langues gur du Burkina Faso
No full textCe travaille demanderait a être étendu à toutes les langues gur parlées au Burkina. L'auteur accueillera avec plaisir tout commentaire et toute information supplémentaire. Contact: [email protected] *******************************The present work should be extended to all the gur languages spoken in Burkina. Comments and further information will be welcome. Contact: [email protected] opuscule de 33 pages propose une classification structurale des langues de la famille gur parlées au BF. Dans les ch. I et II, , l'auteur définit et justifie les sept critères typologiques retenus, par ordre de priorité décroissante: l'ordre des termes dans l'énoncé, la relation entre genres et classes nominales, le marquage de l'aspect verbal, la marque d'actualité verbale, celle de l'actualité nominale et enfin quelques traits phonologiques, notamment le rôle de l'harmonie vocalique ATR. Ces critères révèlent trois types de langues gur, qui n'ont jamais été identifiés en tant que tels dans la littérature et dont la répartition géographique ne correspond que très imparfaitement au tryptique "est - centre - ouest" (carte jointe). A partir de là, l'auteur tente de comprendre cette hétérogénéité en tenant compte de l'Histoire, mais aussi des mécanismes généraux du changement linguistique (phénomènes de contacts de langues envisagés du point de vue sociolinguistique et du point de vue psycho-linguistique). Les résultats obtenus ainsi que les hypothèses qui tentent de les expliquer interpellent tous ceux qui s'intéressent à l'histoire du peuplement dans cette partie du monde.*****************************This paper of 33 pages proposes a structural classification of the Gur languages spoken in Burkina Faso. In section I & II, the author defines and justifies the seven typologic criteria he uses, from the more to the less important : word-order in the sentence, the relation gender-class, the expression of verbal aspect, the mark of actuality on verbs and on nouns and finally a few phonological features, in particular the ATR vowel harmony. These criteria reveal three types of Gur languages, which have never been identified as such in the literature and which only poorly correspond to the geographic "east - centre -west" of the aera (one map). So the author tries to understand the how and why those kin languages are so heterogenous, taking into account the historical data, but also the general mechanisms at work in linguistic change (languages in contact, both from a socio-linguistic and a psycho-linguistic angle). The results as well as the hypotheses trying to account for them should appeal to all those interested in the history of population in this part of the world
Typologie linguistique et histoire du peuplement: le cas des langues gur du Burkina Faso
No full textCe travaille demanderait a être étendu à toutes les langues gur parlées au Burkina. L'auteur accueillera avec plaisir tout commentaire et toute information supplémentaire. Contact: [email protected] *******************************The present work should be extended to all the gur languages spoken in Burkina. Comments and further information will be welcome. Contact: [email protected] opuscule de 33 pages propose une classification structurale des langues de la famille gur parlées au BF. Dans les ch. I et II, , l'auteur définit et justifie les sept critères typologiques retenus, par ordre de priorité décroissante: l'ordre des termes dans l'énoncé, la relation entre genres et classes nominales, le marquage de l'aspect verbal, la marque d'actualité verbale, celle de l'actualité nominale et enfin quelques traits phonologiques, notamment le rôle de l'harmonie vocalique ATR. Ces critères révèlent trois types de langues gur, qui n'ont jamais été identifiés en tant que tels dans la littérature et dont la répartition géographique ne correspond que très imparfaitement au tryptique "est - centre - ouest" (carte jointe). A partir de là, l'auteur tente de comprendre cette hétérogénéité en tenant compte de l'Histoire, mais aussi des mécanismes généraux du changement linguistique (phénomènes de contacts de langues envisagés du point de vue sociolinguistique et du point de vue psycho-linguistique). Les résultats obtenus ainsi que les hypothèses qui tentent de les expliquer interpellent tous ceux qui s'intéressent à l'histoire du peuplement dans cette partie du monde.*****************************This paper of 33 pages proposes a structural classification of the Gur languages spoken in Burkina Faso. In section I & II, the author defines and justifies the seven typologic criteria he uses, from the more to the less important : word-order in the sentence, the relation gender-class, the expression of verbal aspect, the mark of actuality on verbs and on nouns and finally a few phonological features, in particular the ATR vowel harmony. These criteria reveal three types of Gur languages, which have never been identified as such in the literature and which only poorly correspond to the geographic "east - centre -west" of the aera (one map). So the author tries to understand the how and why those kin languages are so heterogenous, taking into account the historical data, but also the general mechanisms at work in linguistic change (languages in contact, both from a socio-linguistic and a psycho-linguistic angle). The results as well as the hypotheses trying to account for them should appeal to all those interested in the history of population in this part of the world
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Les verbes de jugement en dagara (Burkina Faso)
No full textVerbs of « judgement » are defined as verbs which can be followed by an object-clause. The morpho- syntactic component establishes four types (with/without a linking particle ; subordinate with indicative, aoristic or optative mode). The pragmatic component shows that those four types correspond to four types of speech acts : expositive, exercitive, behabitive and categorical (such a structure refers to the four actors of communication : me, you, him and the norm). But each type contains sub-classes : speecnVnon-speech verbs ; subjective/objective judgement ; interlocutor primordial/non primordial or adjuvant/opponent). In the semantic component, each verb shows specific inferences and changes of meaning in definite contexts ; a relationship is also established between semantic fields and available vocabulary. In the semiotic component, the author considers dicto-modal operations (with truth-tables for the various logical connexions P- Q) and several predicative values (verbs implying a locative/causal relation). Eventually, the author — a linguist, not an anthropologist — focusses the unity of Human Language and debates on the mutual status of linguistics and ethnolinguistics. He particularly shows how important it is to question informants in their own language (spontaneous definitions and paraphrase-tests). Also, he stresses the fact that the rules underlying communication are a part of « Culture ». And he makes it a point to search for cognitive mechanisms which genrate human cultures, and for the useful concepts that would help account for correlations between ethnolinguistic features.L'auteur appelle « verbes de jugement » l'ensemble des verbes dagara pouvant être suivis d'une subordonnée complétive Q. Au plan morpho-syntaxique on distingue quatre types formels (selon la présence / absence d'un connecteur ; et selon le mode de Q). Au plan pragmatique, ces quatre types correspondent à quatre types d'énonciation : expositif, exercitif, comportatif et catégorique (cette structure renvoie aux quatre protagonistes de renonciation : moi, toi, lui et la norme). Mais à l'intérieur de chaque type, il y a lieu de distinguer des sous-classes (parole/non-parole ; subjectif /objectif ; interlocuteur primordial/non primordial ou adjuvant/opposant, etc.). Au plan sémantique, on étudie les implications de chaque verbe, les variations de sens en contexte, et le rapport entre champ notionnel et richesse lexicale. Au plan sémioti- que, on repère certaines opérations dicto-modales (tables de vérité de la connexion P-Q) et certaines valeurs predicatives (verbes à relation locative ou à relation causale). En conclusion, l'auteur — linguiste non-ethnologue — s'interroge sur l'unité du Langage humain et sur le statut respectif de la linguistique et de l'ethnolinguistique. En particulier, il souligne l'avantage qu'il y a à mener l'enquête dans la langue même (définitions de mots et tests de paraphrases). Par ailleurs, l'auteur estime que les règles qui sous-tendent la communication font partie de la culture. Il propose en conséquence de rechercher les mécanismes cognitifs qui engendrent les cultures et les concepts opératoires qui permettraient d'appréhender des corrélations de traits ethnolinguistiques.Delplanque Alain. Les verbes de jugement en dagara (Burkina Faso). In: Journal des africanistes, 1987, tome 57, fascicule 1-2. pp. 133-147
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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