1,720,982 research outputs found
Situations climatiques exceptionnelles (sécheresses, inondations, incendies…) et conséquences prévisibles à court et moyen terme sur les Eaux destinées à la consommation humaine [Conférence invitée]
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Aléas climatiques et conséquences sur les eaux destinées à la consommation humaine
No full textInternational audienceAmong the many identified impacts of climate change (CC), climate warming and the intensification of the hydrological cycle result in a higher transfer of contaminants (organic matter, pathogens, salts, emerging contaminants, etc.) from watersheds to water sources, and can lead to an increase in by-products (BPs)after disinfection treatment. In this article, various approaches are presented to assess the effects of climatic hazards and climate change on drinking water supplies. Levels of BPs (sum of 4 trihalomethanes-THM4) in distributed water were studied experimentally during rainfall events and by modelling according to different emission scenarios (Regional Concentration Pathway, RCP). Results show that the potential for the formation of BPs can be multiplied by 2.5 in a simulated distribution system during rain events. Moreover, the most pessimistic CC emission scenarios (RCP8.5) induce a significant increase in the probability of exceeding the THM4 threshold of 80 μg/L. Finally, a survey carried out among drinking water supply managers showed a significant link between the level of knowledge about CC and, on the one hand, the fact of having already experienced the impact of CC, and on the other, the priority given to adaptation and the use of decision-support tools for adaptation. These potential exposure modifications underline the importance of improving data acquisition on climate hazards, and of providing managers and decision-makers with relevant decision-support tools for improving adaptation.Parmi les nombreux impacts identifiés des changements climatiques (CC), le réchauffement climatique et l’intensification du cycle hydrologique entraînent un transfert plus important de contaminants (matières organiques, pathogènes, sels, contaminants émergents, etc.) des bassins versants vers les sources d’eau, et peuvent entraîner une augmentation des sous-produits (BP) après traitement de désinfection. Dans cet article, différentes approches sont présentées pour évaluer les effets des aléas climatiques et du changement climatique sur l’approvisionnement en eau potable. Les teneurs en BP (somme de 4 trihalométhanes-THM4) dans l’eau distribuée ont été étudiées expérimentalement lors d’événements pluvieux et par modélisation selon différents scénarios d’émission (Regional Concentration Pathway, RCP). Les résultats montrent que le potentiel de formation de BP peut être multiplié par 2,5 dans un système de distribution simulé lors d’épisodes de pluie. De plus, les scénarios d’émission de CC les plus pessimistes (RCP8.5) induisent une augmentation significative de la probabilité de dépasser le seuil de THM4 de 80 μg/L. Enfin, une enquête menée auprès des gestionnaires d’approvisionnement en eau potable a montré un lien significatif entre le niveau de connaissance des CC et, d’une part, le fait d’avoir déjà expérimenté l’impact des CC, et d’autre part, la priorité donnée à l’adaptation et à l’utilisation d’outils d’aide à la décision pour l’adaptation. Ces modifications potentielles de l’exposition soulignent l’importance d’améliorer l’acquisition de données sur les aléas climatiques, et de fournir aux gestionnaires et aux décideurs des outils d’aide à la décision pertinents pour améliorer l’adaptation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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