1,720,959 research outputs found
Can the psychopathology specific to substance use disorder distinguish between recreational cocaine use and cocaine addiction?
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Quality of life differential changes from psychopathological episodes through recovery in Heroin Addiction
No full textEffectiveness of Pharmacological Treatments for Adult ADHD on Psychiatric Comorbidity: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults is frequently
accompanied by psychiatric comorbidities that worsen outcomes and complicate treatment.
Pharmacological management is central in care, yet its impact on co-occurring disorders
remains uncertain. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of commonly pre-
scribed medications for adult ADHD (methylphenidate, atomoxetine, bupropion, and
lisdexamfetamine) on comorbid mood, anxiety, personality, and substance use disorders.
Tricyclic antidepressants were also included in the search strategy; however, no eligible
adult studies assessing imipramine or desipramine in patients with ADHD and psychi-
atric comorbidity were identified. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was
conducted to identify studies examining these medications in adults with ADHD and
at least one psychiatric comorbidity. Eligible studies reported clinical outcomes for both
ADHD symptoms and the co-occurring disorder. Data were extracted and narratively
synthesized, with particular attention paid to treatment effects and sources of heterogeneity.
Results: Across the included studies, pharmacological treatments consistently improved
core ADHD symptomatology. Their effects on psychiatric comorbidity were more variable.
Some evidence suggested beneficial outcomes for selected anxiety disorder subtypes and
for features of Cluster B personality disorders, possibly related to reductions in emotional
dysregulation and impulsivity. Findings regarding substance use disorders were mixed:
several studies reported reduced craving or substance use, but long-term stabilization
was inconsistent. Marked heterogeneity in study design, populations, and outcome mea-
sures limited comparability. Conclusions: Current pharmacological treatments for adult
ADHD show reliable efficacy for core symptoms but inconsistent benefits across comorbid
psychiatric conditions. While targeted improvements may occur in specific domains, the
evidence base is insufficient to define optimal long-term strategies for adults with ADHD and complex comorbidity. Rigorous, longitudinal studies are needed to clarify medication
effects on distinct comorbid profiles and to inform integrated treatment planning
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Verso una psicopatologia specifica dell'addiction. Comportamenti di abuso e psicopatologia in soggetti affetti da Disturbo da Uso di Eroina.
No full textTra tutte le sostanze che possono portare alla dipendenza, l’eroina viene frequentemente considerata come paradigma del processo tossicomanico. L'abuso di eroina mostra il suo nucleo nell’impossibilità di ridurre o interrompere l’uso quotidiano di eroina/morfina che persiste da almeno un mese con un conseguente stato di continua intossicazione, episodi di overdose, compromissione sociale e lavorativa.
Il disturbo da uso di eroina, alla luce della sua presentazione clinica, dal decorso della malattia e dalle risposte al trattamento, può essere definito come una "malattia cerebrale cronica, ad andamento recidivante". L’esperienza tossicodipendente può essere divisa in tre fasi. Il primo step è detto dell’incontro o fase della "luna di miele". La seconda fase è detta ‘intermedia’ o fase dell’incremento delle dosi (acquisizione della tolleranza). La terza fase è detta della ‘porta girevole’ (revolving door).
I propositi dello studio in questione sono quelli di testare: l’esistenza di una correlazione tra storia tossicomanica e gravità della risposta emozionale allo stress e agli eventi di perdita; l’esistenza di una correlazione positiva tra craving, psicopatologia specifica, comportamenti craving-correlati e storia della tossicodipendenza
From harm reduction to patient-tailored therapy in Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT): The role of psychopathology, craving behavioural covariates, and stress response in monitoring patients under OAT
No full textBackground: A patient-tailored therapeutic approach in the field of Heroin Use Disorder (HUD) appears to be still in its early stages. The study of patients' specific psychopathology, craving behavior and stress sensitivity may provide novel information for monitoring patients under Opioid Agonists Treatment (OAT). HUD patients, during long-term treatment, tend to show an impaired capacity to experience pleasure, anhedonia, and a more severe stress reaction to life events, that may interfer with the rehabilitative program. Aims: We explored the correlations among heroin addiction-related clinical aspects (severity of addictive behavior and subjective wellness), the severity of the psychopathological symptoms and the stress-reactivity indexes (PTSD-Spectrum) in a naturalistic, observational, cross-sectional, and non-interventional cohort exploratory study. Methods: Subjects were recruited from the Drug Addiction Service (SerD) of Pisa among adult individuals who had required OAT and remained in treatment for more than one month. Individuals were interviewed during the maintenance phase of the OAT program. Results: Significant correlations were found between length of current treatment and time items and severity of heroin addictive behaviors; stress sensitivity was correlated with mental status at treatment entry, substance concurrent use, lifetime different treatment load, severity of psychopathological syndromes, and subjective wellness. HUD patients with PTSD-Spectrum (H/PTSD-S) were females with a low income. Their heroin addiction history was characterized by more severe mental status at treatment entry, more difficulties in working adaptation and legal problems during treatment, high level of psychopathology, more difficulties in wellness and more risk behaviors during treatment. Conclusions: H/PTSD-Spectrum has to be considered as an outcome of HUD, which becomes a major risk factor for the H/PTSD-S itself. Therefore, in such perspective, social and behavioral impairment in HUD patients could be considered the clinical expression of the H/PTSD-Spectrum. The very long-term outcome of HUD is actually not represented by taking drugs behaviors, rather the inability to cope with the contingent environmental conditions is the key feature of such a disorder. The H/PTSD-Spectrum, therefore, should be viewed as a syndrome caused by an acquired inability (increased salience) with respect to normal (daily) life events
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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