1,720,985 research outputs found
Effet de l’auto-évaluation sur la réussite des femmes aux examens professionnels en contexte organisationnel contre-stéréotypique
Get PDFLes femmes de la Marine nationale réussissent moins bien que les hommes aux examens professionnels (concours), en particulier les épreuves relatives à la connaissance de l’institution et aux domaines techniques. Les potentiels effets médiateurs des auto-évaluations réalisées dans ce contexte ont été analysés. Il apparaît que les attentes de performances par rapport aux collègues sont déterminantes, contrairement au sentiment d’auto-efficacité et au biais d’auto-évaluation. Cette étude met ainsi en lumière le rôle du contexte sexué sur la réussite aux concours et les effets délétères de la comparaison sociale sur la progression hiérarchique au sein d’environnements professionnels contre-stéréotypiques.Women in the French Navy are less successful than men in professional exams (competitive examinations), especially in the tests about the knowledge of the institution and the technical fields. The potential mediating effects of self-assessment in this context have been analyzed. It appears that performance expectations in comparison to their colleagues are determining factors, contrary to self-efficacy and self-assessment bias. This study highlights the role of the context of gender in competitive exam success and the negative effects of social comparison on the hierarchical progression in counter-stereotypical professional environments
Rôles protecteurs de l’activité de travail, du soutien social perçu et des stratégies de coping en période de confinement et de crise sanitaire
No full textInternational audienceThe objective of this study is to determine what organizational and personal factors may have protected workers, placed in different professional status (in the office, teleworking or absence of activity at home) from developing anxiety during the lockdown in the spring 2020 in France. Effects of professional status and personal resources mobilized in these different contexts, through coping strategies and perceived social support, have been studied. Three hundred and twenty-seven public officials were interviewed. The results show that work activity protects from anxiety, like social support from colleagues and friends. Emotion-focused coping strategies has been deleterious unlike problem-focused ones. The family situation does not seem to have had an effect. This study highlights the positive role that work, both in terms of activity and relationships, may have had on individuals during this period.L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer quels facteurs organisationnels et personnels ont pu prémunir les travailleurs, placés dans différents statuts professionnels (travail en présentiel, à distance ou absence d’activité à domicile), de développer de l’anxiété lors du confinement du printemps 2020 en France. Les effets de ce statut professionnel et des ressources personnelles mobilisées dans ces différents contextes, à travers les stratégies de coping et le soutien social perçu, ont été étudiés. Trois cent vingt-sept agents d’une administration publique ont été interrogés. Les résultats montrent que l’activité de travail s’est révélée protectrice de l’anxiété, comme le soutien des collègues et des amis. Le coping centré sur les émotions a été délétère contrairement au coping centré sur le problème. La situation familiale ne semble pas avoir eu d’effet. Cette étude souligne le rôle positif que le travail, aussi bien en termes d’activité que de relationnel, a pu avoir sur les individus au cours de cette période
Approche psychosociale et développementale de la carrière en contexte contre-stéréotypique : l’étude du personnel féminin de la Marine nationale
Get PDFThis thesis aims to understand the determinants of military women’s success. We hypothesized that their performances were related to professional identifications, self-assessments (self-efficacy, performance expectations and ambition) and the value they give to their domains of life. Three studies were conducted, apprehending the performance through the results in exams, trainings and a reflexive feedback on their careers. After having controlled the threatening aspect of their professional situation and having observed that women’s performance is lower than men’s, several mediating factors on the effect of sex on performance have been highlighted. The main factor explaining the performance of women is the expectation of performance compared to their colleagues. The more they consider being at the same level as their colleagues, the more they succeed, which is directly linked to self-efficacy and to the different professional identifications. To identify themselves as a sailor is more difficult for women in the military. The less individuals value their working domain, the weaker are their results, as their level of identification to the organization. However there is no interaction with the sex, and thus it is not a gender issue. At the beginning of women’s career, the dynamics of their work identity prevails in the development of their career, pushed by their professional ambition, while the effects of their conjugal status on their performance, mediated by their domains of life enhancement, would intervene secondly.Cette thèse vise à comprendre les déterminants de la réussite des femmes militaires. Nous avons fait l’hypothèse que leurs performances étaient liées aux identifications professionnelles, à l’auto-évaluation (sentiment d’auto-efficacité, attentes de performance et ambition) et à la valorisation des domaines de vie. Les trois études réalisées appréhendent la performance à travers les résultats à un examen, en formation et un retour réflexif sur le déroulement de la carrière. Après avoir vérifié le caractère menaçant de leur situation professionnelle et observé que les femmes ont des performances inférieures aux hommes, plusieurs facteurs médiateurs de l’effet du sexe sur la performance ont été mis en évidence. Le principal facteur expliquant la performance des femmes relève des attentes de performance par rapport à leurs collègues. Plus elles s’estiment au même niveau que leurs collègues, plus elles réussissent, ce qui est lié au sentiment d’auto-efficacité et aux différentes identifications professionnelles. S’identifier aux marins est plus difficile pour les femmes. Il ressort par ailleurs que moins les individus valorisent leur domaine de vie professionnelle, plus leurs résultats sont faibles, comme leur niveau d’identification à l’organisation, mais il n’y a pas d’effet d’interaction avec le sexe, il ne s’agit ainsi pas d’une question spécifiquement féminine. En début de carrière, la dynamique de l’identité de travail primerait dans le déroulement de carrière des femmes poussées par l’ambition professionnelle, alors que les effets de leur situation conjugale sur leur performance, médiatisés par la valorisation des domaines de vie, interviendraient dans un second temps
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Psychosocial and developmental approach of the career in counter-stereotypical context : the study of female staff in the French Navy
No full textCette thèse vise à comprendre les déterminants de la réussite des femmes militaires. Nous avons fait l’hypothèse que leurs performances étaient liées aux identifications professionnelles, à l’auto-évaluation (sentiment d’auto-efficacité, attentes de performance et ambition) et à la valorisation des domaines de vie. Les trois études réalisées appréhendent la performance à travers les résultats à un examen, en formation et un retour réflexif sur le déroulement de la carrière. Après avoir vérifié le caractère menaçant de leur situation professionnelle et observé que les femmes ont des performances inférieures aux hommes, plusieurs facteurs médiateurs de l’effet du sexe sur la performance ont été mis en évidence. Le principal facteur expliquant la performance des femmes relève des attentes de performance par rapport à leurs collègues. Plus elles s’estiment au même niveau que leurs collègues, plus elles réussissent, ce qui est lié au sentiment d’auto-efficacité et aux différentes identifications professionnelles. S’identifier aux marins est plus difficile pour les femmes. Il ressort par ailleurs que moins les individus valorisent leur domaine de vie professionnelle, plus leurs résultats sont faibles, comme leur niveau d’identification à l’organisation, mais il n’y a pas d’effet d’interaction avec le sexe, il ne s’agit ainsi pas d’une question spécifiquement féminine. En début de carrière, la dynamique de l’identité de travail primerait dans le déroulement de carrière des femmes poussées par l’ambition professionnelle, alors que les effets de leur situation conjugale sur leur performance, médiatisés par la valorisation des domaines de vie, interviendraient dans un second temps.This thesis aims to understand the determinants of military women’s success. We hypothesized that their performances were related to professional identifications, self-assessments (self-efficacy, performance expectations and ambition) and the value they give to their domains of life. Three studies were conducted, apprehending the performance through the results in exams, trainings and a reflexive feedback on their careers. After having controlled the threatening aspect of their professional situation and having observed that women’s performance is lower than men’s, several mediating factors on the effect of sex on performance have been highlighted. The main factor explaining the performance of women is the expectation of performance compared to their colleagues. The more they consider being at the same level as their colleagues, the more they succeed, which is directly linked to self-efficacy and to the different professional identifications. To identify themselves as a sailor is more difficult for women in the military. The less individuals value their working domain, the weaker are their results, as their level of identification to the organization. However there is no interaction with the sex, and thus it is not a gender issue. At the beginning of women’s career, the dynamics of their work identity prevails in the development of their career, pushed by their professional ambition, while the effects of their conjugal status on their performance, mediated by their domains of life enhancement, would intervene secondly
Socialisation organisationnelle et transformations contemporaines du travail : enjeux et perspectives
No full textNational audienceDepuis près de 50 ans, les recherches dans le champ de la socialisation organisationnelle étudient les modalités d’insertion des nouveaux entrants dans une organisation de travail. Les transformations contemporaines du travail - telles que l'évolution des carrières, l'arrivée de la génération Z et la féminisation de certains secteurs d'activité - posent de nouveaux défis, tant pour les organisations que pour les individus. Cette conférence propose d’éclairer ces enjeux et d’ouvrir la réflexion sur les pratiques d’accueil des nouveaux entrants
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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