1,720,968 research outputs found
Does the presence of refugees affect the health status of the hosting community? The case of Cameroon
Get PDFMáster Erasmus Mundus en Salud Pública y Desastres, coordinado por Pedro Arcos GonzálezAbstract Background: The United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) estimates that nine out of ten refugees settle in developing countries. These countries have weak health systems with high maternal and child mortality. With little literature on the influence of refugees on the health of their host, the aim of this study was to explore the impact of refugees on maternal and child health of the local host population. Setting: By 2011, 100,000 refugees, mainly from the Central African Republic (CAR) had settled in Cameroon since 2006. The main area of settlement was the eastern border of the Adamaoua and East regions and spread over 50.000 square kilometers. Methods: Using the 2011 Cameroon’s Demographic and Health Survey, we evaluated maternal and child health indicators of the local refugee host population. These indicators were compared to those of a control group selected through propensity score matching from the rest of the country. Our main outcomes were attendance of less than four antenatal clinics (ANC), delivery out of health facilities and non-completion of DPT3 vaccine. The main exposure was living in the refugee occupied zone. Results: Of the 15426 women in our analysis, 902 were resident in the refugee zone. When compared to the rest of the country, women living in the refugee zone were likely to attend less than four ANCs (56.1% vs 35.4%; p<0.001), and be delivered out of health facilities (66.6% vs 32.1%; p-<0.001). However, non-completion of DPT 3 vaccination showed no difference (40.9% vs 37.8%; p=.19). After propensity score matching, the risks of attending less than four ANCs and delivering out of health facilities were still higher in the refugee host by 12.7% (95%CI=8.5-17%; p<0.001) and 17.6% (95%CI=13.9%-21.6%; p<0.001) respectively. Compared to the disparities in 2004, only the gap in infant vaccination coverage had been closed by 2011. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that with the presence of refugees, maternal health of the host improves slightly while child health improves more. In this light, emphasising on maternal health during assistance programmes to refugees could maximize the host health benefits
Correlates of Unmet Need for Contraception in Ethiopia: Evidence from 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Get PDFThe highest proportion of unmet need for contraception is found in sub-Saharan Africa. Although unmet need for contraception declined from 36% in 2000 to 25% in 2011 in Ethiopia, it is still far from satisfying the demand. The data for this study is obtained from the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify correlates of unmet need for contraception. Accordingly, 18% of women have unmet need for spacing and 9.6% for limiting. Age, educational level, number of children and religion were significant correlates of unmet needs for spacing and limiting. In addition, place of residence was significant correlate for spacing while age at marriage and knowledge of contraceptives were significant correlates for limiting. Expanding contraceptive accessibility and methods mix in rural areas; empowering women; and engaging religious and community leaders in educating the community about family planning (FP) are recommendations to satisfy the demand of contraception
Gender power relations in reproductive decision-making: The case of Gamo migrants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Get PDFIn many developing countries most of reproductive decisions are made by men although it is, as well, the concern of women. This study was undertaken with the objective of assessing gender power relations in reproductive decision-making (DM). Data collected from random sample of 317 married couples using structured questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was used to find the determinants of reproductive DM. Accordingly, 33% of women reported joint contraceptive use DM; 36% of women and 38% of men reported joint maternal health service utilization (MHSU) DM. Women who are older, literate, have fewer children, media access, have job, and not victim of harassment/abuse participate in reproductive DM, while men who are literate, have fewer children, media access, older, and did not harass/abuse their wives let wives participate in MHSU DM. Thus, empowering the study community in general and women in particular is recommended to improve their participation in reproductive DM
The burden of malnutrition and mortality in humanitarian emergencies : efficient use of health surveys from Ethiopia
No full textComprehensive analysis of the impact of humanitarian emergencies on nutrition and mortality is limited in Ethiopia. This is mainly due to either the lack of nationally representative data or non-generalizability of subnational health surveys in such settings. Consequently, humanitarian decisions and advocacy are often based on anecdotal information or non-representative data with limited geographical coverage. The aims of this study are therefore to investigate the burden of malnutrition and mortality, and to identify its causes in humanitarian settings. Given the data challenges, we apply advanced epidemiological methods in existing population-based health surveys. The key findings are: i) the burden of child undernutrition is declining, but are persistent and higher in moderate drought areas; ii) the burden of child mortality falls below both the emergency and baseline thresholds for sub-Saharan Africa; iii) the burden of women’s undernutrition is higher near the borders. On the basis of these findings, we provide propositions to guide effective humanitarian interventions.(SP - Sciences de la santé publique) -- UCL, 201
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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