African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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Impact of interventional documentary on knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors among rural women in North-Central Nigeria
No full textBackground: In view of the growing concern about cervical cancer prevalence and mortality rates, this study assessed the impact of interventional documentary on knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors among women in North-central Nigeria.Data Source and Methods: The study adopted a quasi-experimental design and survey to study 522 reproductive-age women. The stratified sampling technique was used to select six local government areas. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and binary logistic regression were used in data analysis.Results: There was no significant difference in pre-interventional knowledge of risk factors in the study and control groups p>0.05. There was significant difference in pre- and post-interventional knowledge in the study group p<0.05. ‘Number of children’ ‘marital status’, and ‘number of times married’ predicted aggregate knowledge at post-intervention.Conclusion: The intervention documentary was effective in knowledge increases, but there was no indication that knowledge increases lead to less risky behaviour. Documentaries should harp on self-efficacy and collective monitoring of adherence to non-risky behaviour
Forced eviction and rights-based approach to development in Nigeria: A case of Makoko community in Lagos State
No full textBackground: The problems created by forced evictions in Lagos State, Nigeria and other parts of the globe, are on the increase and have attracted the attention of United Nations development, environment and human rights agencies in recent years. Data Source and Methods: A cross-sectional field survey was adopted in this study. 1000 copies of questionnaire were administered, and 963 copies were properly filled, collated and analysed using Statgraphics statistical software and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 23).Results: The survey results show that rather than resolving the problem, the Lagos State government’s approach to development by eviction only worsens the social divides in the state.Conclusion: We argue that the Lagos State government needs to embrace a rights-based approach to development by ensuring the rights to occupancy of Makoko residents before renovating the settlemen
Context of abuse against men: Perspectives on causes, consequences and coping mechanisms
No full textBackground: Opinions on gender abuse have been largely skewed towards females. However, the rising number of cases of abuses against the male gender has brought the need to seek better understanding on the different background contexts and conditions surrounding the abuses against men in Nigeria.Data Source and Methods: This article was based on a cross-sectional study on abuse against men through quantitative and qualitative methods. It examined perspectives on causes, consequences and coping mechanisms relative to abuse against men in urban Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.Results: Findings suggest that various forces at individual, familial, cultural, urbanization, westernization and globalization levels drive abuse against men and men cope with the abuse through avoidance, divorce, resignation, adjustment and religion.Conclusion: Findings suggest that various forces at individual, familial, cultural, urbanization, westernization and globalization levels drive abuse against men and men cope with the abuse through avoidance, divorce, resignation, adjustment and religion
Exiles in their region: pastoralist-farmer conflict and population displacements in North Central, Nigeria
No full textBackground: Over the past two decades, pastoralist-farmer conflicts have become a pressing security challenge in Nigeria, especially in the North Central region. This study analyzed how pastoralist-farmer conflicts fuel population displacements in the North Central, Nigeria. It also assessed the livelihood of the internally displaced persons in the region.Data Source and Methods: The study employed primary data comprising key informant interview of 37 stakeholders and field observations. It also utilized secondary data on pastoralist-farmer conflicts and population displacement largely sourced from Centre for Democracy and Development. We used simple percentage, frequency tables and content analysis of the qualitative data.Results: The failure of the Nigerian state to manage pastoralist – farmer conflicts escalated the attacks and the forceful displacement it engendered. The displacements have worsened the humanitarian crisis as it has increased the number of people in immediate need of food, security, health, school, livelihood, shelter, protection, non food items, water, sanitation and hygiene.Conclusion: The study concluded that building inclusive societies is relevant for de-escalating pastoralist-farmer conflicts, reducing population displacements, mitigating humanitarian crisis and achieving sustainable development goals in Nigeria and beyond
Assessment of demographic factors in Africa’s development.
No full textBackground: An enabling environment is an important element for economic development. African countries rank low on indices of development. The low level of development is rhetorically partly attributed to demographic factors, but quantitative assessment of the relationship is hardly produced to back up the rhetoric.Data Source and Methods: Data sourced from the United Nations, UNAIDS, the World Bank, Health and Nutrition and Population Statistics of the World Bank were utilized in the study. The analysis consisted of bi-variate and multivariate regression.Results: The results suggest that the level of child dependency is significantly negatively associated with the level of development in African countries controlling for other demographic factors.Conclusion: The study found no evidence that total fertility rate and population growth have significant effect on gross national income per capita.
Exploring the perception of and attitude towards preconception care service provision and utilisation in a South Western Nigerian community – A qualitative study
No full textBackground: Hospital-based, quantitative studies in Nigeria show low levels of knowledge and use of preconception care (PCC) services. This study explored the perception of and attitude towards PCC in a southwestern Nigerian community qualitatively.Data Source and Methods: Focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with 57 purposively selected adult women and men and key informant interviews (KIIs) with one female and one male community leader in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria in 2018. The FGDs and KIIs held within the community were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.Results: Participants placed PCC in the context of marriage, describing its importance for addressing effects of adverse exposures on pregnancy and ensuring positive pregnancy outcomes.Conclusion: Barriers to PCC uptake mentioned included lack of awareness and prohibitive service costs. Expressing their willingness to use and promote PCC use, they stated the need to ensure PCC uptake through improved awareness at the community level
Supply-side barriers and health system concerns in five high maternal mortality settings in Africa
No full textBackground: Chad, Central African Republic (CAR), Sierra Leone, Liberia and Nigeria are among the seven African countries with the highest rates of maternal mortality globally due in the main limited facility deliveries and basic emergency obstetric care.Data Source and Methods: The study sought to contextualize supply-side barriers that encroach on maternal mortality by examining some health system concerns confronting selected African countries. The study makes use of data from the World Bank and adopts a descriptive-analytic approach. Current Health Expenditure of less than 10% in four countries and Domestic General Government Health Expenditure of less than 2% in all five countries evinced underfunding of health.Results: In all five countries, the proportion of skilled health workers fell well short of the WHO requirements for density of doctors and nurses.Conclusion: The onus on individuals to pay for health care was formidable in Nigeria. CAR had the lowest proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel. CAR and Sierra Leone relied heavily on External resources for funding health
Nigeria demographic report: the effect of overpopulation on life expectancy
No full textBackground: Nigeria is considered the most populous country in Africa with an estimated population of 181 million and a median age of 17.9. Nigeria’s young population indicates that fertility rate may keep increasing with the total population increasing exponentially. However, life expectancy in Nigeria is very low accompanied by high mortality rate.Data Source and methods: This study aimed at analysing Nigeria’s demographic data and presenting how Nigeria’s overpopulation is contributing to its low life expectancy. Secondary quantitative data from United Nations Population Division was analysed for the study.Results: Findings showed increasing population growth from 108,011,465 recorded in 1995 to 200,963,599 recorded in 2020, high fertility, high mortality rate and low life expectancy at 53 years.Conclusion: The study made recommendations on policies to regulate Nigeria’s population growth and increase life expectancy of the country.
Mapping maternal healthcare access in selected West African Countries
No full textBackground: The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) three emphasizes the need to improve maternal and new-born health and reduce the global maternal mortality rate to less than 70 per 100 000 live births by 2030. Achieving the SDG goal 3.1 target will require evidence-based data on the distribution of maternal health outcomes and their linkage to healthcare access.Data and Methods: This study used WorldPop data derived from an integration of satellite, census and household survey. Exploratory spatial analysis techniques were used to examine and visualize the spatial distribution of women of reproductive age (15-19 and 40- 44), live births and pregnancies at the subnational level in three “poor resource” West African countries: Mali, Guinea and Liberia. Buffer analysis was used to quantify the number of pregnancies within user-defined distances of a health facility.Findings: Results showed wide variations in the distribution of maternal health outcomes across the countries of interest and districts of each of the countries. There was also clustering of maternal health outcomes and health facilities at the urban capital cities of Bamako, Conakry, and Greater Monrovia. A considerable number of pregnancies in most districts of northern Mali, northern and forest regions of Guinea and counties in south-eastern Liberia were not within 50km distance of a health facility, indicating inadequate access to maternal healthcare.Conclusion: To bridge the gap in inequity in healthcare access, and improve maternal and newborn health in the study countries, there is need for equitable distribution of health resources and infrastructure within and across the disadvantaged districts.Background: The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) three emphasizes the need to improve maternal and new-born health and reduce the global maternal mortality rate to less than 70 per 100 000 live births by 2030. Achieving the SDG goal 3.1 target will require evidence-based data on the distribution of maternal health outcomes and their linkage to healthcare access.Data and Methods: This study used WorldPop data derived from an integration of satellite, census and household survey. Exploratory spatial analysis techniques were used to examine and visualize the spatial distribution of women of reproductive age (15-19 and 40- 44), live births and pregnancies at the subnational level in three “poor resource” West African countries: Mali, Guinea and Liberia. Buffer analysis was used to quantify the number of pregnancies within user-defined distances of a health facility.Findings: Results showed wide variations in the distribution of maternal health outcomes across the countries of interest and districts of each of the countries. There was also clustering of maternal health outcomes and health facilities at the urban capital cities of Bamako, Conakry, and Greater Monrovia. A considerable number of pregnancies in most districts of northern Mali, northern and forest regions of Guinea and counties in south-eastern Liberia were not within 50km distance of a health facility, indicating inadequate access to maternal healthcare.Conclusion: To bridge the gap in inequity in healthcare access, and improve maternal and newborn health in the study countries, there is need for equitable distribution of health resources and infrastructure within and across the disadvantaged districts
Dynamics of onset of fertile life among adolescent girls in Benin, 1996-2017
No full textBackground: The issue of early onset of fertile life among adolescent girls remains very current. However, theoretical predictions predict event decline, particularly with the young generations. This study aims to analyse trends and explanatory factors of early onset of fertile life among adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years in Benin.Data and methods: The study uses Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). The Kaplan Meier method and the Cox proportional risk model were used. Findings: Early onset of fertile life has experienced saw tooth variations between 1996 and 2017. The main risk factors are: education level, age at first sexual intercourse, and socio-economic standard of living.Conclusion: Interventions need to be strengthened and/or reoriented to effectively contribute to reducing the incidence of early onset of fertile life. This will enhance adolescent girls knowledge and skills enabling them to live a healthy, responsible and timely sexual and reproductive life