African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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Education for inclusion: numeracy intervention in second chance education of market women in rural Nigeria
No full textBackground: A second chance education intervention was initiated for market women in rural Nigeria, who previously missed opportunity for formal education in their younger ages, with the aim of acquiring and improving basic numeracy skills for inclusion of the women.Data source and methods: Thirty (30) questionnaires on hands-on activity were administered on 30 women purposively selected from the membership list of the association of market women, while 15 other women were similarly sampled to form the control group, giving a total of 45 questionnaires. In-depth interviews, and two focus group discussions (FGDs) comprising 12 volunteer women each were also conducted. The qualitative data were content analysed while mean, standard deviation, Chi-square and Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyse the quantitative data.Results: Participants have similar socio-demographic characteristics. Over 70% of the respondents were aged less than 40 years while over 50% of the respondents attained primary education. Similarly, 64.4% of the rural women had no opportunity for formal education as adults. Results showed that there were significant effects of hands-on activities on mean ability of rural women in giving balance and stock taking.Conclusions: The second chance education initiative provided an avenue for peer learning and more inclusive and equitable numerical skill development of market women, thus enhancing the prospect of contributing to AU Agenda 2063 and the 4th goal of the post-2015 development agenda
Estimating the median age at menarche with a Logit model: Application to African DHS surveys
No full textBackground: The study investigates the median age at menarche in African countries.Data Source and Methods: DHS surveys provided information on the proportion ever-menstruating among women age 15-19. A linear-logistic regression model was used to derive the median age at menarche (statu quo method). Some 139 DHS surveys were analysed, for a total of 304,826 women. Results: Results show a wide range of variations of the median age at menarche among the 35 countries investigated, from 13.1 to 15.2 years.Conclusion: Country variations were correlated with various variables indicating the level of development (Income per capita; Caloric intake; Urbanization; Child mortality; Fertility; Age at marriage). Two variables were particularly important: food intake and urbanization
Addressing religious practices in Sub-Saharan Africa Insights from a longitudinal study in rural Mali
No full textIn censuses and demographic surveys, religion is recorded as a variable of state, assuming that individuals’ religious affiliation is unique and definitive. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, pluralism are commonplace. In this paper, we discuss the relevance and feasibility of a statistical approach to religious practices, taking into consideration their complexity and variability over an individual’s lifetime. We use longitudinal data collected since 25 years in the south-east of Mali, among a population where traditional and Christian religions coexist. We can compare the results of a classic cross-sectional approach with those obtained via a longitudinal approach that takes into consideration individuals’ religious trajectories.
Plurality and variability in religious practices are confirmed. Most individuals, at some point in their lives, become affiliated with different religions. Mobility and reversibility in religious affiliation are common. The relevance of cross-sectional data on religious affiliation for demographic analysis is questionable
Trends and determinants of neonatal mortality in Uganda: Analysis of the Uganda demographic and health surveys
No full textBackground: Uganda’s neonatal mortality has stagnated at 27 deaths per 1,000 live births over the past decade. Studying consistent factors could inform policy to reduce it.Data Source and Methods: We used Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys (2001 to 2016) in analyses.Results: Children who were not put on breast milk immediately after birth and children of mothers with multiple maternal risk factors were associated with higher odds (3.1 and 2.0 respectively) of neonatal deaths in 2016. The maternal risk factors include: young mothers, too old, short birth intervals or many children. Neonatal deaths was also higher among male compared to female newborns.Conclusion: There is a need to raise awareness about the importance of breastfeeding newborns immediately after birth. Interventions to reduce maternal risk factors are critical to reducing neonatal mortality in Uganda. Programmes need measures that can reduce more neonatal deaths among male than female
Préférences de fécondité et perception de la planification familiale des migrants temporaires à Dakar
No full textUne vaste littérature s’est attardée sur la fécondité des migrants internationaux en les comparant aux non-migrants au lieu de destination. Peu de travaux ont considéré les populations d’origine comme référence et encore moins l’ont fait pour des migrants internes. Une telle approche est pourtant pertinente dans un contexte africain où les clivages démographiques entre régions rurales et urbaines sont encore importants et où les migrations sont souvent circulaires. En nous attardant sur la zone rurale de Niakhar, nous utilisons les données d’une enquête sur les réseaux sociaux, pratiques et croyances individuelles afin d’observer si les normes et préférences de fécondité des migrants temporaires à Dakar diffèrent de celles de la population d’origine. Les résultats indiquent des différences légères pour la connaissance et l’acceptabilité de la planification familiale. Toutefois, les migrants ont un nombre idéal d’enfants plus faible en moyenne que les non-migrants. Nos modèles multivariés suggèrent que ces différences s’expliquent principalement par les hypothèses de sélection et d’adaptation.* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *A large literature has focused on the fertility of international migrants by comparing them to non-migrants at the destination. Few studies have considered the original populations as a reference and even less so for internal migrants. However, such an approach is relevant, especially in African contexts where demographic differences between rural and urban areas remain important and where migration is often circular. Focusing on the rural area of Niakhar, we use data from a survey on social networks, individual practices and beliefs to assess whether the fertility norms and preferences of temporary migrants to Dakar differ from those of the population at origin. The results indicate slight differences in the knowledge and acceptability of family planning. However, migrants have an ideal average number of children lower than non-migrants. Our multivariate models suggest that these differences are mainly explained by the selection and adaptation hypotheses
Traditional religious worldview as persistent driver of healthcare practices in Southeast Nigeria
No full textBackground: Worldviews define reality and stipulate the specific attitudes towards each component of reality.This study assessed how traditional religious worldview in southeast Nigeria has persisted as a driver of healthcare practices in the region. The study was carried out in southeast Nigeria, particularly, Enugu and Anambra States.Data Source and Methods: Data for the study were collected using a six-item questionnaire administered to 400 respondents, and analyzed using simple percentages.Results: Most of the respondents see ailments as curses from gods/deities, or malicious machinations from evil forces. The predominant initial healthcare practice for ailments such as leg ulcer is to go to a dibia (61%) or to a faith healing home (29%).Conclusion: For health-interventions to succeed in southeast Nigeria, there is need for pre-intervention campaigns. There is also urgent need to proscribe faith healing homes in the region.
Determinants of non-participation in labour force among women of reproductive age in Nigeria
No full textBackground: Studies have examined the individual-level and household predictors of women’s labour force participation in Nigeria, this study went further to examine the community-level determinants of non-participation in labour force among women of reproductive age in Nigeria.Data Source and Methods: This study analysed the 2016-2017 Nigeria Multiple indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data of women (aged 15-49; n= 32,742). Descriptive and multivariable analyses (using multilevel binary logistic regression) were performed.Results: Results showed that 73% of the women didn’t participate in the labour force. Community poverty (medium: OR = 0.95 and high: OR = 1.38), number of children living with a woman (medium: OR = 1.05 and high: OR = 1.19), proportion of contraceptive non-users (high: OR = 2.49 and medium: OR = 1.59) and region (north: OR = 5.42) were significant (P<0.05) determinants.Conclusion: Hence, women (of reproductive age) in the north, in communities with high: poverty, family size and contraceptive non-use should be economically empowered
Modelling time-to-discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding: analysis of infants and under-2 survival in Nigeria
No full textBackground: Regardless of national and international strategies towards promoting exclusive breastfeeding, only 17% and 35% of infants were exclusively breastfed in 2015 in Nigeria and Worldwide respectively. Therefore, we aim to estimate average length of exclusive breastfeeding for infants and under-2, evaluate and predict maternal impact.Data Source and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study applied NARHS data collected via multistage-cluster random sampling. Count and proportion quantified maternal characteristics, Kaplan-Meier method estimated length of exclusive breastfeeding whereas Cox Proportional Hazard model and Wald-test determine and evaluate maternal effect.Results: Median duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 6.0 months. Locality {P < 0.05 (0.73 – 0.98)} and place-of-delivery {P < 0.01 (1.06 – 1.19)} were the determinant factors. Cox Proportional Hazard model fit the data and Wald-test identified main predictors.Conclusions: Average time at which exclusive breastfeeding was discontinued was six months, mothers’ locality and delivery-place of infants influence exclusive breastfeeding duration in Nigeria. Hence, exclusive breastfeeding interventions should target those factors
Evaluation of Doctor-patient communication outcomes in two public hospitals in Enugu and Ebonyi States, Nigeria
No full textBackground: Patient-doctor communication is a critical success factor in ensuring accurate diagnosis and treatment. A patient’s satisfaction with such interaction can have positive impact on health outcomes. This study evaluated patient-doctor communication in two tertiary hospitals in two states in southeast Nigeria.Data Source & Methods: Data were collected with a structured questionnaire from 300 patients in two teaching hospitals. Data were analysed using simple percentages, chi-square test of independence, binary logistic regression and factor analysis.Results: Results indicated low level of satisfaction of patients with the quality of communication with their doctors, the main contributor to their dissatisfaction being ‘doctors’ authoritarian communication style’. Factors that positively predicted patients’ satisfaction were ‘doctors’ communication skills’ (p=.000), ‘patients’ religious, cultural and language anxiety influence on communication’ (p=.000), and ‘democratic communication’ (p=.009). Doctors adopted the paternalistic approach in interacting with patients.Conclusion: Patients reported low level of satisfaction with their doctors’ communicative behaviour. This would necessitate a shift from the paternalistic to the patient-centred communication approach in the two hospitals
Challenges and opportunities for effective contraceptive counselling in a low-resource setting: insights from a qualitative study in western Kenya
No full textBackground: Evidence from parts of sub-Saharan Africa shows variations in contraceptive counselling by type of sector (public or private) and socio-economic background of clients. There is, however, limited understanding of the nature of interactions between family planning service providers and their clients that could ultimately influence the quality of counselling received by different sub-groups of clients. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities for effective contraceptive counselling in a low-resource setting in Kenya.Data Source and Methods: Data are from a qualitative study that was conducted in 2018 among 42 women of reproductive age who participated in a longitudinal research project in Homa Bay County. The data were analysed using an exploratory inductive content analysis approach.Results: The findings showed that challenges to effective contraceptive counselling were both provider- and client-related. Provider-related challenges included workload, lack of competence in contraceptive counselling in general and on side effects in particular, and negative attitudes towards specific methods. Client-related challenges entailed presenting with fixed minds, lack of awareness of what to expect during interactions with providers, passive involvement in consultation process, and familiarity with service providers.Conclusion: Some of the challenges could be addressed by information, education and communications interventions to empower clients to demand quality services as well as skills updates for providers to improve their capacity to respond to clients’ needs