1,720,973 research outputs found
The Single European Sky: What about the Liability Aspect?
Get PDFFollowing the liberation of European air transport in the 90s, the Union has tried to implement dramatic changes by enacting the Single European Sky Regulations (SES). The cornerstone idea of the SES Regulations is to create so-called functional airspace blocks or FABs. These FABs will normally satisfy the growing capacity requirements of all airspace users and minimise delays by managing air traffic more dynamically. This will have as immediate consequences an increase in efficiency. This article will examine each of the Treaties establishing the FABs in detail with regard to the liability aspect only and, while acknowledging their advantages, it will point out the differences in the protection they offer and the consequences the author sees happening. This article will also suggest several improvements. The primary focus of the article is the liability aspect in the FAB Treaties, but references to agreements between ANSPs will also be included. Through showing the advantages of the proposal, this article highlights the hypothesis that the Single European Sky will not bring any changes to the current liability framework; to the contrary, it will further blur the general picture by adding a layer of fragmentation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Uberisation of Aircrew Through the Use of Bogus Self-Employment Contracts
Get PDFAlthough not a new phenomenon, the rise of the ‘gig' economy has shed light on a bogus selfemployment status flourishing all over Europe and the world. The predominant image associated with ‘bogus self-employment' features riders and drivers engaged in platform work. Unfortunately, the heavy reliance on such status in the aviation industry is rarely discussed and debated, despite in-depth studies, reports, and campaigns by pilots and crew members. The first reports on this topic were actually made more than ten years ago. In addition to lowering social and working conditions, bogus self-employment is also preventing the proper functioning of the aviation market by creating unfair competitive pressure. Indeed, airlines relying on this type of contract have an unfair competitive advantage over other companies by lowering their prices or so-called ‘social dumping'. It is interesting to analyse situation of pilots and crew members in light of an array of case law which have ruled on bogus self-employed status. Indeed, a clear uberisation of aircrews exists, and the COVID-19 pandemic might have worsen this already complex situation
Recommended from our members
The law and regulation of airspace liberalisation in Brazil ::what is the way forward? /
No full text"The book starts from the premise that the current aviation framework, in Brazil, cannot sustain a full liberalization on the long run. While the competition rules in place offer a strong framework, which only requires small modifications, these rules are not 'enough' to foster an 'healthy' liberalisation. In fact, until recently, Brazilian airlines were operating in a homogenous market, where competition was artificial. T his artificial competition, obtained through the imposition of a legal obligation to provide water and a snack and grant a 23Kg bag allowance, has resulted in a highly concentrated domestic market with very few players. Compared to other same size market, such as China or India, Brazil is far beyond in terms of airlines operating at national level. Consequently, the opening of the domestic market must be closely regulated to avoid national carriers to suffocate under external pressure. For this reason, state intervention during the liberalisation process is crucial. State intervention is also with regard to passengers' protection. The other major problem is passengers' protection's framework which is much too uncertain and burdensome. In a sense, detrimental to the domestic market and passengers. Indeed, there is no harmonization of passengers' compensation leading to contradictory judgments and possible high moral damages which hinders legal certainty for airlines. Compared to the situation in the EU, in Brazil, airlines have a limited range of defenses, which are often dismissed by courts. This book, therefore, critically analyses the policies and regulations in place by mainly comparing the Brazilian framework to the European one. This choice has been motivated by the fact that the European liberalisation is considered the best so far, and as Brazil is starting this process much later, it could benefit from the European experience. This book will be of particular interest to scholars and practitioners interested in the Brazilian system"-
Acceptance sent through email; is the postal rule applicable?
Get PDFPurpose ”“ This paper focuses on the application of the postal rule to email, due to the controversy surrounding the application of the “instantaneous” test to emails.
Methodology/approach/design ”“ This article analyses standards and literature on the formation of contract under English law.
Findings ”“ Although the postal rule is an invention of its time, this rule could still play a role regarding emails. Indeed, due to the difficulties in applying the “instantaneous” test to emails, emails would still be subject to the postal rule. Of course, the postal rule in its current form is no more fitting the reality. However, the benefits that such rule provides should not be lost, instead a new rule could be drafted based on the postal rule.
Practical implications ”“ This article discusses the possible improvements to the already existing framework.
Originality/value ”“ This paper analyses the use of the postal rule to electronic contracts in the UK, a topic that is not much researched but could have great importance when doing electronic business.Purpose ”“ This paper focuses on the application of the postal rule to email, due to the controversy surrounding the application of the “instantaneous” test to emails.
Methodology/approach/design ”“ This article analyses standards and literature on the formation of contract under English law.
Findings ”“ Although the postal rule is an invention of its time, this rule could still play a role regarding emails. Indeed, due to the difficulties in applying the “instantaneous” test to emails, emails would still be subject to the postal rule. Of course, the postal rule in its current form is no more fitting the reality. However, the benefits that such rule provides should not be lost, instead a new rule could be drafted based on the postal rule.
Practical implications ”“ This article discusses the possible improvements to the already existing framework.
Originality/value ”“ This paper analyses the use of the postal rule to electronic contracts in the UK, a topic that is not much researched but could have great importance when doing electronic business.Purpose ”“ This paper focuses on the application of the postal rule to email, due to the controversy surrounding the application of the “instantaneous” test to emails.
Methodology/approach/design ”“ This article analyses standards and literature on the formation of contract under English law.
Findings ”“ Although the postal rule is an invention of its time, this rule could still play a role regarding emails. Indeed, due to the difficulties in applying the “instantaneous” test to emails, emails would still be subject to the postal rule. Of course, the postal rule in its current form is no more fitting the reality. However, the benefits that such rule provides should not be lost, instead a new rule could be drafted based on the postal rule.
Practical implications ”“ This article discusses the possible improvements to the already existing framework.
Originality/value ”“ This paper analyses the use of the postal rule to electronic contracts in the UK, a topic that is not much researched but could have great importance when doing electronic business
- …
