1,720,977 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Towards a hybrid criminological and psychological model of risk behavior: The developmental neuro-ecological risk-taking model (DNERM)
Get PDFAdolescents have long been characterized as the stereotypical risk-takers, due to their apparent heightened risk behavior (e.g., delinquency, substance use). Hence, the raising of minimum ages for substance use are common legal actions that presume that limiting the exposure to substances (i.e., “riskexposure”) will decrease such heightened adolescent risk behavior. This ecological concept of risk exposure (access to risk conducive situations) is acknowledged in criminological models—to some extent. However, risk exposure is virtually absent from contemporary psychological models, which focus on neuropsychological development, particularly socio-affective and cognitive control development. Moreover, when theories in these disciplines do consider risk exposure, the ubiquitous developmental (i.e., age-dependent) component of this concept is overlooked. For example, in the real-word, adolescents encounter far more riskconducive situations (both offline and online) than children, which could at least partially account for heightened adolescent risk behaviors compared to children. A meta-analysis (Defoe et al. 2015) on laboratory studies provided suggestive evidence for this assertion. Namely, this meta-analysis showed that in laboratory settings—where risk exposure is equal for all participants regardless of age—children and adolescents are generally equally susceptible to engage in risks. Hence, in the above-mentioned meta-analysis, a hybrid Developmental Neuro-Ecological Risk-taking Model (DNERM) was put forward. DNERM emphasizes an interaction between adolescents’ neuropsychological development and their changing physical- and social- ecology, which is further embedded in a cultural context. The current paper further develops DNERM's aims, which include bridging contemporary psychology models with criminology models to comprehensively describe the development of risk behavior during the youth period (ages 11–24).</p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Puzzle of Adolescent Risk Taking: An Experimental-Longitudinal Investigation of Individual, Social and Cultural Influences
No full textAdolescents are known as stereotypical risk-takers, as they engage in disproportionate levels of risk-taking (e.g., binge drinking and delinquency). However, meta-analytic findings based on experimental studies using behavioral risky decision-making tasks revealed that adolescents do not always engage in heightened risk-taking compared to children and adults. Namely, although adolescents took more risks than adults on such tasks, overall adolescents took equal levels of risks as children. Moreover, on tasks that provided the opportunity to avoid risk-taking, adolescents actually avoided taking risks more often than children. Finally, early adolescents engaged in more risk-taking than mid-late adolescents. Such results on age differences in risk-taking on experimental risk-taking tasks are meaningful for understanding real-world risk-taking, as adolescents’ performance on an often employed risk-taking task was shown to predict self-reported adolescent alcohol use, delinquency and risky traffic behavior. As for social predictors of adolescent risk-taking on such experimental risk-taking tasks, mere peer presence did not have a main effect on adolescent’s risk-taking on such tasks, however boys took more risks than girls in the presence of peers, while boys and girls took equal levels of risks when alone. Furthermore, in another experimental study, earlier maturing girls engaged in heightened risk-taking in the presence of peers to a greater extent than earlier maturing boys. Longitudinal results further revealed that friends’ and (older) siblings’ externalizing problems (delinquency and aggression), and mother-adolescent negative relationship quality are significant predictors of adolescent externalizing problems. Additionally, when considering adolescent phase and gender, for early adolescent girls, delinquent peer norms (and not delinquent peer pressure) predicted adolescent delinquency one year later. However, for early adolescent boys, delinquent peer pressure predicted adolescent delinquency one year later, but only when there were higher levels of mother-adolescent negative relationship quality. Moreover, mother-adolescent negative relationship quality also predicted middle-adolescent girls’ delinquency one year later. Although parents’ own externalizing problem behaviors did not longitudinally predict adolescent externalizing problems, experimental findings showed that mere mother and father presence decreased adolescent risk-taking on a risky decision-making task. Interestingly, mere sibling presence also decreased adolescent risk-taking. As for adolescent smoking, deviant peer pressure is also important for increases in smoking from ages 12 to 17, even when significant individual factors such as impulsivity are taken into account. Next, both cultural similarities and differences were demonstrated for links between adolescent risk factors and risk behaviors. For example, intention to use alcohol predicted alcohol use one year later for adolescents both in the Netherlands and on St. Maarten. Also, an interesting cross-national difference was found showing that whereas alcohol use predicted cannabis use one year later in adolescents on St. Maarten, the reverse was true for adolescents in the Netherlands. Finally, no ethnicity differences existed in the link between delinquency and depressive symptoms over three years, however, at two of the three waves, ethnic minority Dutch adolescents reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than ethnic majority Dutch adolescents, and a gender by adolescent phase moderation effect was present. Hence, a plethora of individual, social and cultural factors contribute to adolescent risk-taking
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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