10 research outputs found
Human vs. AI: An Assessment of the Translation Quality Between Translators and Machine Translation
No full textAs one of the most important applications of AI, machine translation has always been the hot topic among scholars in linguistics, computer science, cognitive science and other areas. This article made an assessment of translations of 4 selected major online machine translation platforms from perspectives of efficiency, operating mode and condition. The outputs of machine and human were compared by employing new “6-4” table and comprehensive error rate. The assessment shows that although the quality of machine translation is improving, the gap still exists between the quality of machine translation and human translation. Based on the research findings, the author predicts that machine translation cannot possibly replace human translation and the two will continue to coexist in the foreseeable future
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Korean art and the avant-garde dilemma
No full textThe thesis covers Korean avant-garde art history and the dilemma that faced Korean artists at the end of the Japanese Colonial Period (1910-1945). Current literature adequately details avant-garde as progressive fine arts; however, there is limited literature on Korean art in this period. This thesis suggests the term avant-garde dilemma to indicate Korean artists‘ difficulty in style selection to follow a traditional aesthetical trend or progressive socio-political attitude for the foundation of Korean post-modernism. A salient démarche is found when Korean political avant-garde artists meet this dilemma in the midst of the Korean Demonstration Era (1976-1989) that initiates the decline of aesthetical activism and Demonstrative Art. Several styles of avant-garde dilemma after the Korea War are critiqued in the avant-garde evolution; subsequently, there arise hybrid styles between socio-political avant-garde and aesthetical avant-garde styles in Contemporary Korean Art. The examples included are Nam-Jun Baik‘s Video Art (a combination of art and technology), Do-Ho Suh‘s combination of meticulous sculpture with installation to satire Korean neo-capitalist society, Doo-Shik Lee‘s combination of oriental color with western gesture, and Suk-Chang Hong‘s free calligraphy to combine still-life, landscape, calligraphy, and scribbling
Hard Tellin’ Not Knowin’
No full textEven though most 20th century dialect maps divide Maine into two dialect regions, some feel this has been too simplified. Many Mainers believe island accents are different from mainland ones, that the dialects amongst the different islands differ as well, that Franco-Americans in Madawaska sound different than Franco-Americans in the Lewiston area, that people from mid-coast speak differently than those from Downeast or Portland. The author, who is also a linguist, explains the difference between the different dialects, as well as why, when some people move away from the area they grew up speaking in lose the dialect and others don’t. The author also posits why some younger generations have a stronger dialect and sound more like their grandparents than their parents do today. [illustrations
『太平記忠臣講釈』の義平について : 水滸伝の視点から
No full textDuring the latter Edo period, literature works began to appear which used resemblances between Chushingura and the Water Margin as materials for structuring or Mitate. In order to explore the background of how these two literatures started to resemble, it is necessary to include events pertinent to the creation of literature works derived from the Ako Gishi Incident or Chushingura-related plays into the scope of research. This study is an attempt as such.
In Taiheiki Chushin Koshaku by CHIKAMATSU Hanji, a merchant named AMAGAWAYA Gihei plays a conspicuously active role. The author introduced Gihei in an early scene of the story where people deliberate the evacuation of Enya Castle and closed the piece by setting the scene of “Torture of Gihei” and his dream at the final phase of the story. Similar creations are not observed in previous literatures depicting Ako Gishi. The aim of this study is to clarify the background of Chikamatsu Hanji’s introduction of such a creative method into Taiheiki Chushin Koshaku.
For this purpose, I decided to place a focus on “Koshaku” which is seen in the title of Taiheiki Chushin Koshaku and conduct research on Ako Gishi Den, a Koshaku documented by MOTOORI Norinaga in 1744. As a result, it was clarified that Ako Gishi Den was told on the basis of Taihei Gishin Den by KATASHIMA Takenori while borrowing contents of dramas and legends. In addition, it also became clear that Amagawaya Gihei was modeled on a person named “AMANOYA Rihei” in Ako Gishi Den.
On the other hand, the comparison of Taiheiki Chushin Koshaku with other works made it obvious that there existed a person who had many things in common with Gihei. The person is Shishin who appears in the colloquial version of the Water Margin which was written in the script form for Kodan. The comparison of Taiheiki Chushin Koshaku with the Water Margin clarified that not only stories of Shisin and Gihei resembled but also the structures of both works were partially similar. Moreover, based on the research result of the family environment of Chikamatsu Hanji, I made it clear that he must have had contact with the Water Margin.
There is a possibility that Taiheiki Chushin Koshaku may have adopted the story of Shisin in the Water Margin as a material in creation of the story of Gihei and partially followed the Water Margin for its structure. I would like to write down this thesis as one opinion to examine the creation method of Chikamatsu Hanji
On Gihei in Taiheiki Chushin Koshaku : Through the Position of the Water Margin
No full textDuring the latter Edo period, literature works began to appear which used resemblances between Chushingura and the Water Margin as materials for structuring or Mitate. In order to explore the background of how these two literatures started to resemble, it is necessary to include events pertinent to the creation of literature works derived from the Ako Gishi Incident or Chushingura-related plays into the scope of research. This study is an attempt as such.In Taiheiki Chushin Koshaku by CHIKAMATSU Hanji, a merchant named AMAGAWAYA Gihei plays a conspicuously active role. The author introduced Gihei in an early scene of the story where people deliberate the evacuation of Enya Castle and closed the piece by setting the scene of “Torture of Gihei” and his dream at the final phase of the story. Similar creations are not observed in previous literatures depicting Ako Gishi. The aim of this study is to clarify the background of Chikamatsu Hanji’s introduction of such a creative method into Taiheiki Chushin Koshaku.For this purpose, I decided to place a focus on “Koshaku” which is seen in the title of Taiheiki Chushin Koshaku and conduct research on Ako Gishi Den, a Koshaku documented by MOTOORI Norinaga in 1744. As a result, it was clarified that Ako Gishi Den was told on the basis of Taihei Gishin Den by KATASHIMA Takenori while borrowing contents of dramas and legends. In addition, it also became clear that Amagawaya Gihei was modeled on a person named “AMANOYA Rihei” in Ako Gishi Den.On the other hand, the comparison of Taiheiki Chushin Koshaku with other works made it obvious that there existed a person who had many things in common with Gihei. The person is Shishin who appears in the colloquial version of the Water Margin which was written in the script form for Kodan. The comparison of Taiheiki Chushin Koshaku with the Water Margin clarified that not only stories of Shisin and Gihei resembled but also the structures of both works were partially similar. Moreover, based on the research result of the family environment of Chikamatsu Hanji, I made it clear that he must have had contact with the Water Margin.There is a possibility that Taiheiki Chushin Koshaku may have adopted the story of Shisin in the Water Margin as a material in creation of the story of Gihei and partially followed the Water Margin for its structure. I would like to write down this thesis as one opinion to examine the creation method of Chikamatsu Hanji
Scientometric Portrait of Nobel Laureate S. Chandrasekhar
No full textScientometric analysis of the publications productivity of Nobel Laureate S. Chandrasekhar is documented
Narratives of Furui 符瑞 and the Compilation of Dynastic Histories in the Han and the Jin Periods: Focus on The Zhi 志 Framework of Narratives
No full textFurui (符瑞), auspicious phenomena, were recounted within the framework of Fengshan (封禅) sacrifices in the Shiji. This form of recounting furui was continued in the Hanshu within the framework of the treatise on the Rites of Suburban Sacrifice (郊祀). After the annals of the Xuan Di (宣帝) period in the Hanshu, it became standard practice to recount a series of measures in response to the holding of suburban rituals and the emergence of furui. On the other hand, as the Rites of Suburban Sacrifice became institutionalized in the late period of the Former Han, the role of furui changed, as evidenced by the Baihu Guan Council (白虎觀會議) held during the Later Han Emperor Zhangdi's reign. At this meeting, thirty-seven events were selected as furui to be recognized by the dynasty. In addition, their appearance was seen as being in response to the emperor's virtuous rule. This can be traced not only in the narrative of the Dongguan Hanji (東觀漢記), but also in the inscriptions that were popular at the time. The narratives of furui, which had extended to local communities, once again converged in the court from the end of the Later Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period. In particular, furui that appeared at the time of the regime change between the Han and Wei dynasties are described as being closely related to the chengwei (讖雲). However, in the Xu Hanshu (續漢書) and Weishu (魏書) of the Sanguo zhi (三國志), which were compiled during the Western Jin dynasty, furui are described in a very restrained manner. This narrative trend is prominent in the Xu Hanshu. In addition, the Xu Hanshu not only does not recount furui but also describes the events that had been described as auspicious omens in Dongguan Hanji as disasters. Although it is difficult to say whether the attitude of omitting furui in the Xu Hanshu and Sanguo zhi was based on the judgment of the dynasty or the author himself, but it can be said to represent the political and social climate of the period. On the other hand, furui continued to be a subject of commentary in court diaries (起居注) of the Western Jin dynasty and in records related to the dynasty. This means that furui described in the Xu Hanshu and Sanguo zhi do not reflect the historical characteristics of the period they were written about
Well-known trade mark protection: confusion in EU and Japan
No full textIn this thesis concerning the protection of well-known trade marks against confusion in the European Community Trade Mark (CTM) and Japanese trademark systems, the author critically considers the difficulties in comprehensively defining ‘well-known trade mark’ in the relevant international trade mark instruments. After critical analysis of various definitions of both ‘trade mark’ and ‘well-known trade mark’, she undertakes a comparison of the definitions of the parallel concepts of ‘trade mark of repute’ and ‘syuchi-syohyo’, and also undertakes an assessment as to the extent to which these trade marks are protected against confusion and kondo in the CTM and Japanese systems, respectively. It is concluded that the protection of well- known trade marks against confusion in the CTM and Japan cannot be said to be completely clear, and the author identifies some areas for legal refor
Age and frailty are independently associated with increased COVID-19 mortality and increased care needs in survivors: results of an international multi-centre study
No full textINTRODUCTION: Increased mortality has been demonstrated in older adults with COVID-19, but the effect of frailty has been unclear.METHODS: This multi-centre cohort study involved patients aged 18years and older hospitalised with COVID-19, using routinely collected data. We used Cox regression analysis to assess the impact of age, frailty, and delirium on the risk of inpatient mortality, adjusting for sex, illness severity, inflammation, and co-morbidities. We used ordinal logistic regression analysis to assess the impact of age, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and delirium on risk of increased care requirements on discharge, adjusting for the same variables.RESULTS: Data from 5,711 patients from 55 hospitals in 12 countries were included (median age 74, IQR 54-83; 55.2% male). The risk of death increased independently with increasing age (>80 vs 18-49: HR 3.57, CI 2.54-5.02), frailty (CFS 8 vs 1-3: HR 3.03, CI 2.29-4.00) inflammation, renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, but not delirium. Age, frailty (CFS 7 vs 1-3: OR 7.00, CI 5.27-9.32), delirium, dementia, and mental health diagnoses were all associated with increased risk of higher care needs on discharge. The likelihood of adverse outcomes increased across all grades of CFS from 4 to 9.CONCLUSIONS: Age and frailty are independently associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19. Risk of increased care needs was also increased in survivors of COVID-19 with frailty or older age
Age and frailty are independently associated with increased COVID-19 mortality and increased care needs in survivors: results of an international multi-centre study
No full textIntroduction: Increased mortality has been demonstrated in older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the effect of frailty has been unclear.
Methods: This multi-centre cohort study involved patients aged 18 years and older hospitalised with COVID-19, using routinely collected data. We used Cox regression analysis to assess the impact of age, frailty and delirium on the risk of inpatient mortality, adjusting for sex, illness severity, inflammation and co-morbidities. We used ordinal logistic regression analysis to assess the impact of age, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and delirium on risk of increased care requirements on discharge, adjusting for the same variables.
Results: Data from 5,711 patients from 55 hospitals in 12 countries were included (median age 74, interquartile range [IQR] 54–83; 55.2% male). The risk of death increased independently with increasing age (>80 versus 18–49: hazard ratio [HR] 3.57, confidence interval [CI] 2.54–5.02), frailty (CFS 8 versus 1–3: HR 3.03, CI 2.29–4.00) inflammation, renal disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer, but not delirium. Age, frailty (CFS 7 versus 1–3: odds ratio 7.00, CI 5.27–9.32), delirium, dementia and mental health diagnoses were all associated with increased risk of higher care needs on discharge. The likelihood of adverse outcomes increased across all grades of CFS from 4 to 9.
Conclusion: Age and frailty are independently associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19. Risk of increased care needs was also increased in survivors of COVID-19 with frailty or older age.</p
