1,720,978 research outputs found
Radical criticism of science in France : origins and effects of the politicization of science since May 1968
No full textL’idée selon laquelle les citoyens devraient participer à la définition des choix scientifiques et techniques s’est progressivement diffusée en France à partir des années 1980. Cet idéal participatif repose sur le renouvellement de la conception des rapports entre sciences et société. Cette thèse propose d’étudier la genèse de cette nouvelle conception à partir de la critique de la science formulée par des acteurs scientifiques durant les années 1970, et d’établir les liens entre cette critique et la nouvelle sociologie des sciences. La critique est envisagée comme un processus de politisation de la science, c’est-à-dire une requalification de la science en tant qu’activité sociale indifférenciée. Trois axes ont été retenus pour étudier la constitution de cet idéal participatif : les conditions d’émergence de cette critique de la science, sa structuration dans les revues militantes, et ses effets sur des domaines déterminés (la vulgarisation au Seuil, et l’expertise avec les Boutiques de Sciences).From the eighties, the idea that citizens should participate in the definition of both scientific and technical choices gradually spread in France. That participative ideal rests on the renewal of the conception of the relation between sciences and society. This doctoral dissertation proposes to study the genesis of that new conception from the science’s criticism expressed by scientific actors in the seventies and from the connections between that criticism and the new sociology of sciences. Here, the criticism is contemplated as a science’s politicization process, that is to say an amendment of science as an undifferentiated social activity. In order to study the constitution of that participative ideal, three main lines have been holded: the conditions of that criticism’s emergence, its structuring in activist reviews, and its effects on specific domains (popularization at Seuil publishing house and the expertise with the Science Shops)
Critique et discipline
No full textNous proposons d’étudier ici les liens entre les études sur les sciences et la critique radicale de la science qui émerge au sein de différents milieux scientifiques à partir de Mai 68. En retraçant l’évolution de ces mouvements de critique, les trajectoires de certains acteurs et les transformations de la sociologie des sciences en France, notre objectif est de cerner les points de convergence et de saisir les conséquences de cette convergence pour la sociologie des sciences.We propose to study here the connections between science studies and the radical critique of science which emerges in different scientific communities from May 68. By tracing the evolution of these critical movements, the trajectories of certain actors and changes in the sociology of science in France, our aim is to identify areas of convergence and to understand the consequences of this convergence for the sociology of science
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
La critique radicale de la science en France (origines et incidences de la politisation de la science en France depuis Mai 1968)
No full textL idée selon laquelle les citoyens devraient participer à la définition des choix scientifiques et techniques s est progressivement diffusée en France à partir des années 1980. Cet idéal participatif repose sur le renouvellement de la conception des rapports entre sciences et société. Cette thèse propose d étudier la genèse de cette nouvelle conception à partir de la critique de la science formulée par des acteurs scientifiques durant les années 1970, et d établir les liens entre cette critique et la nouvelle sociologie des sciences. La critique est envisagée comme un processus de politisation de la science, c est-à-dire une requalification de la science en tant qu activité sociale indifférenciée. Trois axes ont été retenus pour étudier la constitution de cet idéal participatif : les conditions d émergence de cette critique de la science, sa structuration dans les revues militantes, et ses effets sur des domaines déterminés (la vulgarisation au Seuil, et l expertise avec les Boutiques de Sciences).From the eighties, the idea that citizens should participate in the definition of both scientific and technical choices gradually spread in France. That participative ideal rests on the renewal of the conception of the relation between sciences and society. This doctoral dissertation proposes to study the genesis of that new conception from the science s criticism expressed by scientific actors in the seventies and from the connections between that criticism and the new sociology of sciences. Here, the criticism is contemplated as a science s politicization process, that is to say an amendment of science as an undifferentiated social activity. In order to study the constitution of that participative ideal, three main lines have been holded: the conditions of that criticism s emergence, its structuring in activist reviews, and its effects on specific domains (popularization at Seuil publishing house and the expertise with the Science Shops).PARIS4-Bib. électronique (751059905) / SudocSudocFranceF
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Quels impacts des dispositifs d'évaluation sur la recherche universitaire ?: Le cas des STIC dans un pôle de compétitivité
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