1,721,424 research outputs found
Energy distribution approach, energy influence coefficients and asymptotic scaled modal analysis
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Aspiration after Anesthesia: Chemical versus Bacterial, Differential Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention
No full textAspiration following anesthesia is a major patient issue and a difficulty for anesthesiologists. Aspiration syndromes are more common than anticipated, and the condition is frequently undetected. Clinical signs are often dictated by the characteristics of aspiration, such as the infectivity of the material, its volume, and the severity of the underlying clinical condition. Pulmonary aspiration can cause an acute or persistent inflammatory response in the lungs and upper airways that can be complicated by tracheobronchitis, aspiration pneumonia, aspiration pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and subsequent bacterial infection due to particle, acid, and bacteria-related processes. Aspiration during anesthesia, while relatively rare, poses significant risks for patient morbidity and mortality. Chemical and bacterial aspiration provide distinct diagnostic and management issues. Preventive strategies such as a complete preoperative risk assessment, adherence to fasting rules, proper patient positioning, and the use of protective airway devices are critical in reducing aspiration risk. In addition, drugs such as proton pump inhibitors can help lower stomach acidity and volume. Innovations in monitoring techniques, better training, and awareness activities are critical to enhancing aspiration event management. Given the importance of this entity, this narrative review sought to make an updated overview of the management of aspiration after anesthesia: chemical versus bacterial, differential diagnosis, management, and prevention
‘Hidden Polycentrism’ or ‘Subtle Dispersion’? Urban growth and long-term sub-centre dynamics in three Mediterranean cities
No full textBy analyzing long-term (1896–2011) population distribution and residential sub-centre dynamics in three urban regions of southern Europe (Barcelona, Rome and Athens), the present paper tries to discriminate ‘hidden polycentrism’ from ‘subtle dispersion’ expansion patterns and debates on the implications for planning of these settlement models. Based on morphological indicators made available on a municipal scale, descriptive statistics were used to verify if differences in the early 1900s spatial structure and long-term demographic dynamics influenced the functional organization of the three regions. Although studies investigating the expansion of Mediterranean cities highlight similarities in urban structures and functions results of the present study indicate that the three regions were characterized by a different spatial structure: while Barcelona showed a transition towards a more polycentric and balanced structure, Athens featured a rapid depopulation of the core city and a moderate expansion of the sub-centres progressively embedded in the urban area. On the contrary, Rome showed a stable distribution of population between the core city and sub-centres. The diverging spatial organization of the three regions suggests how the (supposed) homogeneity in forms and functions of the Mediterranean cities is influenced by place-specific development patterns, the spatial organization of historic settlements and the planning strategies adopted on a local scale, producing path-dependent, fragmented and sometimes peculiar urban forms
Beyond a 'side street story'? Naples from spontaneous centrality to entropic polycentricism, towards a 'crisis city'
No full textRecent urbanization trends in the Mediterranean region have stimulated a debate on the relationship between
the form and the functions of cities, in turn revealing a relatively high degree of urban sustainability and resilience
to external shocks. Beginning with compact and dense forms, over the last thirty years Mediterranean cities have
undergone a path of scattered expansion. This process reflects, in many cases, deregulated urban growth rather
than decentralization processes driven by planning strategies aiming at polycentrism. Economic recession in
southern European countries has influenced these patterns considerably by reducing competitiveness and de pressing the economic performance of entire urban systems. An interpretive key to investigating the new
forms of urban expansion in Mediterranean Europe is proposed here by introducing the ‘crisis city’ archetype,
discussed in the light of the post-war development path of Naples, Italy. The complexity of the territorial process es that drive urban expansion and changes was analysed, focusing on the socio-spatial structure, economic con figuration and entropic morphologies that qualify Naples as the exemplification of a ‘crisis city’. Spontaneity,
planning deregulation, criminality, and the informal economy—all found in Naples—are symptoms of a ‘locked’
system, incapable of progressing towards mature urban models. Abandoning the traditional monocentric
frame vividly represented in the 1950 movie Napoli milionaria (released in English as ‘Side Street Story’), the con solidation of a scattered and entropic morphology in between compactness and dispersion reflects a development
deficit that depresses the competitiveness potential of the city. We interpreted the transition of Naples in the
light of a ‘Mediterranean continuum’ in which a locked and informal model, far from both wealthier western
European cities and more mature southern alternatives, limits urban competitiveness
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