1,721,649 research outputs found
Weight gain and obesity in schizophrenia: epidemiology, pathobiology, and management
No full textTo review recent advances in the epidemiology, pathobiology, and management of weight gain and obesity in patients with schizophrenia and to evaluate the extent to which they should influence guidelines for clinical practice.sponsorship: Dr. De Hert has been a consultant for, received grant and/or research support and honoraria from, and been on the speakers' bureaus and/or advisory boards of Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, and Takeda. Dr. Correll has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from: AbbVie, Alkermes, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Gerson Lehrman Group, IntraCellular Therapies, Janssen/J&J, Lundbeck, MedAvante, Medscape, Otsuka, Pfizer, ProPhase, Reviva, Roche, Sunovion, Supernus, and Takeda. He has received grant support from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry BMS, Janssen/J&J, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Novo Nordisk A/S, Otsuka, Takeda and the Thrasher Foundation. Drs. Manu, Dima, Shulman, and Vancampfort have nothing to declare. (Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Takeda, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry BMS, Janssen/JJ, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Novo Nordisk A/S, Otsuka, Thrasher Foundation)status: Publishe
The prevalence and predictors of type two diabetes mellitus in people with schizophrenia: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis
No full textObjective:
To conduct a meta-analysis investigating the prevalence of type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in people with schizophrenia compared to controls.
Method:
Systematic review of electronic databases from inception till November 2014. Articles reporting the prevalence of T2DM in people with schizophrenia and healthy controls (without mental illness) were included. Two independent authors conducted searches and extracted data. A random effects relative risks (RR) meta-analysis was conducted.
Results:
Twenty-five studies including 145 718 individuals with schizophrenia (22.5–54.4 years) and 4 343 407 controls were included. The prevalence of T2DM in people with schizophrenia was 9.5% (95% CI = 7.0–12.8, n = 145 718) and 10.75% (95% CI 7.44–14.5%, n = 2698) in studies capturing T2DM according to recognized criteria. The pooled RR across all studies was 1.82 (95% CI = 1.56–2.13; = 4 489 125). Subgroup analyses found a RR of 2.53 (95% CI = 1.68–3.799, n = 17 727) in studies ascertaining T2DM according to recognized criteria and RR 1.65 (95% CI = 1.34–2.03, n = 4 243 389) in studies relying on T2DM determined through medical records.
Conclusion:
People with schizophrenia are at least double the risk of developing T2DM according to recognized T2DM criteria. Proactive lifestyle and screening programmes should be given clinical priority
Promotion of cardiorespiratory fitness in schizophrenia: a clinical overview and meta-analyses
No full textObjectiveCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a clinical overview to highlight the reduced CRF expressed as maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (or predicted) or peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in people with schizophrenia compared to the general population. We also aimed to identify correlates of and clinical strategies to improve CRF.MethodWe systematically searched major electronic databases from inception until November 2014. A meta-analysis calculating the standardised mean difference (SMD) was employed.ResultsCRF was significantly reduced in people with schizophrenia (n = 154) with a SMD of −0.96 (95% CI −1.29 to −0.64) (N = 5) compared to controls (n = 182). Negative symptoms, increased body mass index and female gender were negatively associated with CRF. Promoting physical activity may improve CRF in people with schizophrenia by up to 4–4.5 ml/kg/min following a 6–8 weeks programme (N = 4, n = 98).ConclusionPeople with schizophrenia have a large and significantly reduced CRF. Given the overwhelming evidence for physical activity as the cornerstone of preventing and managing CVD in the general population, incorporating such interventions in the treatment of people with schizophrenia is justified and urgently required. We present clear practical strategies of how this can be achieved within clinical settings
How can we promote smoking cessation in people with schizophrenia in practice? A clinical overview
No full textObjective
High rates of smoking and nicotine dependence are associated with increased physical comorbidity and premature death in people with schizophrenia. We conducted a clinical overview to establish how smoking cessation should be promoted in practice.
Methods
Systematic clinical review of major electronic databases from inception till November 2014.
Results
Agrowing body of evidence supports pharmacological interventions to assist smoking cessation. The most promising evidence is for bupropion with several meta-analyses demonstrating its effectiveness. Currently, there is limited evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and varenicline, although this is likely to be due to the paucity of research. There is no consistent data to suggest that pharmacological interventions increase adverse events. Behavioural and psychosocial interventions also demonstrate promise, particularly when combined with pharmacotherapy. Careful monitoring of antipsychotic levels (in particular clozapine) is essential and the promotion of physical activity may be useful to negate potential weight gain and diabetes risk following smoking cessation.
Conclusions
Evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggest that smoking cessations are effective in people with schizophrenia, although more long term research is required.sponsorship: BS and AJM have no declaration of interest to report. Dr Vancampfort has received grant support from the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO- Vlaanderen). Dr De Hert has been a consultant for, received grant/research support and honoraria from, and been on the speakers/advisory boards of AstraZeneca, Lundbeck, Janssen-Cilag, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda and Bristol-Myers Squibb. Prof Julio Bobes received a Carlos III Health Institute grant entitled Efficacy of a multicomponent tobacco cessation programme in patients with severe mental disorder (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder). Reference: PI10/01758. (Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO- Vlaanderen), AstraZeneca, Lundbeck, Janssen-Cilag, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Carlos III Health Institute|PI10/01758)status: Publishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Digital pills for the remote monitoring of medication intake: a stakeholder analysis and assessment of marketing approval and patent granting policies
No full textThis article explores whether ‘digital pills’ that track medication intake should be used to enhance adherence. We concentrate on psychiatric condi tions sincethese pose unique challenges.We analyzetwo public policiesthat potentially encourage the development of systems for remote monitoring of intake, namely the granting of patents and marketing authorization, and identify key stakeholders and their main interests so as to discuss whether these policies provide disproportionate benefits to some. The stakeholders identified are patients, system providers, drug manufacturers, insurers or healthcare systems, physicians, data users, and society at large. We discuss relevant industry reports, regulatory data, patent documents, and academic literature, and argue that there is concern that the drivers for these tracking systems are revenue and the monitoring of ‘compliance’ rather than ‘adher ence’. While accepting that the use of these systems can be justified in some circumstances, in our view these systems pose risks to patient autonomy, Shared Decision-Making, and privacy. We also find that policies on granting patents and marketing authorization overly favor the commercial actors and put patients’ interests at risk. Accordingly, we propose that additional safeguards are required.sponsorship: Wim Van Biesen and Sigrid Sterckx have received funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), grant number FWO.OPR.2019.0045.01. Katerina Sideri has received funding from the European Commission for a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship, grant number 794604-Biased AI-H2020-MSCA-IF-2017. (Research Foundation Flanders (FWO)|FWO.OPR.2019.0045.01, European Commission|794604-Biased AI-H2020-MSCA-IF-2017)status: Publishe
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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