1,721,278 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injuries : Experimental Models for Repair and Reconstruction
No full textPeripheral nerve injuries are difficult to treat, and the clinical outcome after surgical repair and reconstruction is still insufficient, particularly concerning recovery of sensory function. To improve the clinical treatment strategies, experimental models are used to systematically examine the mechanisms behind nerve regeneration and assess the improvement of nerve regeneration by introduction of new surgical nerve repair and reconstruction methods (e.g., novel devices made by bioartificial materials). Rat models, where the sciatic nerve has essentially a similar size as a human digital nerve, are widely used to evaluate nerve regeneration with the inherent advantages and disadvantages of the experimental models. Estimations revealing that a large number of diabetic patients will eventually suffer from peripheral nerve injury have motivated development of suitable experimental diabetes models for studying the nerve regeneration process and novel treatment approaches. We have successfully used the Goto-Kakizaki rat model, which shows moderately increased blood sugar closely resembling type 2 diabetes, for assessing the surgical peripheral nerve regeneration potential with and without artificial scaffolds. In order to improve outcome after repair and reconstruction of nerve injuries, one has to have a clear concept concerning how to evaluate novel repair and reconstruction techniques in experimental models before clinical studies can be initiated in an accurate way
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The Fluid Percussion Injury Rodent Model in Preclinical Research on Traumatic Brain Injury
No full textThere is still a lack of pharmacological treatment options for traumatic brain injury (TBI), the dominant cause of death and disability in persons under the age of 40 in the developed part of the world. Clinical TBI is a markedly complex disease, categorized into different subtypes that differ in their pathophysiology, treatment requirements, and long-term consequences. For successful development of novel treatment options, refined preclinical evaluation in rodent TBI models is mandatory. Since persisting cognitive deficits, impaired motor function, depression, and personality changes are common sequelae in TBI patients, preclinical models must produce clinically relevant behavioral deficits. Additionally, clinical TBI is a markedly heterogeneous disease with a severity span from immediately fatal to mild injuries with minor and passing symptoms. Ideally, a rodent TBI model should thus be adjustable in terms of injury severity. One of the most widely used rodent TBI model is the fluid percussion injury (FPI), which meets many of the criteria for a clinically relevant experimental model. The FPI technique relies on a fluid pressure pulse being transmitted into the skull cavity of the animal, allowing for a degree of brain displacement. By placing the craniectomy and the injury site either over the midline of the skull (the central FPI; cFPI) or over one hemisphere (the lateral FPI; lFPI) the injury shows either more diffuse (cFPI) or more focal (lFPI) characteristics. Although FPI has many advantages over other TBI models, including the possibility to vary important injury characteristics, the outcome after TBI may be influenced by other features such as gender, age, species, and even strain which should be considered in the design of the rodent models. In this chapter, we discuss the limitations and advantages, as well as the special considerations necessary when using the FPI model in rodents
Focal and restricted traumatic injury models in the rodent brain: limitations, possibilities, and challenges
No full textAnimal models of traumatic brain injury are primarily utilized for the purpose of either (a) conducting basic research—for instance regarding the neurocognitive organization of the brain or (b) the development and evaluation of therapeutic interventions—such as pharmacological and behavioral methods as well as environmental manipulations. While studies focusing on development of therapeutic methods may primarily call for the use of more “ecologically valid” models, studies of the neurocognitive organization of the brain may primarily benefit from the use of focal and anatomically restricted lesions. The present chapter focuses on such models. The primary focus of the chapter is a model in which the fimbria-fornix is selectively transected and hippocampal function consequently severely impaired. The method of this transection is described, and the neural and functional consequences of the lesion are reviewed. In order to best utilize such focal lesions in the analysis of neurocognitive organization additional methods are needed. These methods include combined and simultaneously inflicted focal lesions as well as the use of both organic and behavioral “challenge” techniques. Such an approach enables a deeper understanding of the mediating mechanisms at the level of anatomical structure and/or neurotransmitter system and prevents premature conclusions regarding the neurocognitiv
- …
