21 research outputs found
Réduction de la concentration minimale effective à 50% de la ropivacaine par la clonidine pour l'analgésie péridurale obstétricale au cours du travail
No full textPARIS6-Bibl. St Antoine CHU (751122104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
Francis Marrach: le roman inconnu
No full textاعتنى الدرس في العقود الأخيرة بعمل سردي وحيد للكاتب الحلبي فرنسيس مزاش (١٨٣٦ -٤ ١٨٧): «غابة الحق)، فصدرت في أكثر من طبعة، ودرست في مقاربات سردية أو فى الفكر السياسى الإصلاحي، من دون أن ينتبه الدرس إلى رواية ثانية له: «دو الصدف في غرائب الصدف»، التي تناسب العمل الروائي، من ناحية فنية، أكثر من سابقتها . يقدم المولف الذي عمل على نشر الرواية بالعودة إلى طبعتيها (في بيروت في العام ١٨٧٢، ثم في القاهرة في العام ١٨٨٦)، دراسة تدرجها في بدايات السرد العربي الخديث. ودراسة الرواية - المجهولة واقعا - تكشف عن مسعى متناغم مع ما كان قد بدأ به خليل الخوري وسليم البستاني، أي الرواية المبنية وفق سندين: سند الحكاية، وسند الرواية (وفق النمط الأ وروبي) نفسه.Recent studies on Arab narratology and concerning the works of the Syrian writer Francis Marrache (1836-1874) focused only on one of his novels: "Ghabat al Haq", thus neglecting a second novel published in Beirut in 1872: "Dur al Saddaf". The author of this study proposes a new version of the novel published previously in Beirut (1872) and in Cairo (1886), putting it in the context of the early stages of modern Arab novels. His study reveals a harmonious approach with the works of Khalil Al-Khoury and Selim Al-Boustany, having the novels built around two basic elements: the Arab-Muslim "tale" and the European "novel".Les études récentes de narratologie arabe concernant l'œuvre de l'écrivain Alepin Francis Marrache (1836-1874) ont porté sur un seul de ses romans: «Ghabat al Haq» ou «Laforêt du vrai», négligeant ainsi un second publié à Beyrouth en 1872: «Dur al-saddaf» ou «Le nacre des perles». Or, ce récit nous semble plus conforme aux exigences de l'écriture romanesque. L'auteur de cette étude, qui propose une nouvelle édition de ce roman oublié à partir de deux publications antérieures, celle de Beyrouth datée de 1872 et celle du Caire datée de 1886, le replace dans le contexte des débuts des récits arabes modernes. Son étude dévoile une démarche harmonieuse avec les travaux entrepris par Khalil Al-Khoury et Sélim Al-Boustany, celle du roman construit selon deux référents : le « conte » arabo-musulman et « le roman » européen
Le procès de perception dans la presse savante à la fin du XVIIe siècle
No full textInternational audienc
Lignes de Faille dans Under the Skin (Jonathan Glazer, 2013) : Une esthétique du « monstrueux »
No full textInternational audienc
Point-Contact Transport Properties of Strongly Correlated Electrons on Liquid Helium
No full textWe present transport measurements of a nondegenerate two-dimensional electron system on the surface of liquid helium at a point constriction. The constriction is formed in a microchannel by a split gate beneath the helium surface. The electrostatic energy of the electron system, which depends in part on the electron density, determines the split-gate voltage threshold of current flow through the constriction. Steplike increases in conductance are observed as the confinement strength is reduced. As the Coulomb interaction between electrons is strong, we attribute this effect to the increase in the number of electrons that can pass simultaneously through the constriction. Close to the threshold, single-electron transport is observed
Improving drug efficacy and specificity by innovative drug delivery approaches
No full textThe limited efficacy of current therapeutic approaches for a number of socially relevant human diseases requires the exploration of alternative and more effective therapeutic strategies. In this regard, the researchers have pursued on one hand the identification of novel and more effective therapeutic molecules and on the other the optimization of drug delivery systems.
So far, many therapeutic molecules, especially those used as anticancer drugs, are plagued by a low therapeutic index being the efficacious dose very close to the lethal one; moreover, they often lack any specificity of action. This aspect can be improved by the use of drug delivery systems composed of different drug carriers including lipids and polymers. The carriers, often in the shape of nanoparticles , can be loaded by the therapeutic molecule and directed against the target cells via the presence of targeting moieties allocated on the nanoparticle surface.
The specificity of the complex carrier/drug can be further improved by the use of therapeutic molecules preferentially/exclusively active on the target diseased cells. Molecules active against diseased-associated target (oncogenes etc) may hit the diseased cells leaving healthy cells substantially unaffected. In this regard, in the last three decades, nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs) have emerged as an attractive and novel alternative with great therapeutic potential. NABDs, which include antisense oligonucleotides, decoys, aptamers, triple helix forming oligonucleotides, DNAzymes, Ribozymes and small interfering RNAs, have been shown to be able to efficiently and specifically counteract pathological gene expression in many different experimental systems. Notably as they can be engineered to hit virtually any cell target, their potential applicability is very broad.
Despite NABD broad potential applicability, their use in the clinic is limited by the lack of optimal delivery systems. Due to their hydrophilic nature, NABDs cannot efficiently cross cellular membrane for which appropriate carriers are needed. Moreover, their instability in serum requires a proper protection to prevent a fast degradation which would invariably lead to the abrogation of any significant therapeutic effect.
The present special issue will be focused on the critical description of some aspects related to the optimization of drug delivery with a particular emphasis on NABD; despite this, a discussion about the possibility to use/adapt NABD developed delivery systems for more conventional drugs, is also present.
The papers of Chan et al., of Marrache et al, of Schaffert et al., Jung et al. and Grassi et al. describe different delivery approaches for NABD and other commonly used therapeutic molecules for several pathological conditions. In the paper of Chan et al. attention is given to liposome and polymeric based delivery systems with regard to DNA enzymes; the described studies offer perspectives on future methodologies for improved DNAzyme delivery and utility as novel drugs. Marrache et al. describe the use of nanoparticles (made by polymer, liposome and other delivery agents), as delivery devices which can be engineered to load multiple drugs with varied physicochemical properties, contrast agents, and cellular or intracellular component targeting moieties. Schaffert et al draw their attention on the description of delivery systems based on the polycation linear polyethylenimine, where peptide based ligands are attached to the polycation via heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol linker molecules. Conjugate synthesis, in vitro testing and in vivo cancer models in rodents are discussed. Jung et al describe the employment of the thermo sensitive pluronic-based core/shell nanoparticles, formed using various strategies such as self-assembly and temperature induced-phase transition. Particular emphasis is given to the use of the nanoparticles for tumor targeting, stimulated release of proteins, and cancer imaging capabilities. Grassi et al, beside discussing the above mentioned delivery systems, for most of the different types of NABDs, draw their attention on the complex situation of NABD delivery to the arteries describing the advantages and dis-advantages of three different administration routes i.e. systemic, perivascular and intravascular.
The papers of Lico et al, Pagliari et al and Castronovo et al report the use of “living delivery systems” and describe the influences of nano-systems on NABD. Lico et al. focus their attention on the use of a different approach for NABD delivery based on plant viruses which have a size particularly suitable for nanoscale applications and can offer several advantages being structurally uniform, robust, biodegradable and easy to produce. Pagliari et al. continue the description of “living vector” reporting the possible and very innovative use of stem cells as delivery devices for therapeutic molecules to the injured myocardium. Finally, in the paper of Castronovo et al., a completely innovative point of view about NABD complexation in nano-carriers is provided. The author show that the functionality of NABD in nano-systems is highly dependent upon the local density, molecular flexibility and network of weak interactions between adjacent molecules. The understanding of these properties can enable the development of powerful molecular tools for nano-medicine.
In conclusion, whereas the developmental process of many delivery systems is still at the beginning, other delivery strategies are closer to possible applications. Regardless of the fact that the delivery systems are used for NABD or clinically available drugs, we believe the target tissue will mainly determine the nature of the optimal strategy. Despite the delivery issue can and should be further optimized, the encouraging results displayed so far in different experimental models using NABD or clinically used drugs, fully justify further economic and scientific efforts
Building Canada's health research capacity within the framework of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
No full text
