265 research outputs found
Letter from Carl Hayden to Robert Fechner, Emergency Conservation Work
No full textLetter from Carl Hayden to Robert Fechner on building a Union Chapel in the Grand Canyon
Letter from Robert Fechner, Emergency Conservation Work to Carl Hayden
No full textLetter from Robert Fechner to Carl Hayden on building a Union Chapel in the Grand Canyon
Van Zwet ordering for Fechner asymmetry
Get PDFThere are several procedures to construct a skewed distribution. One of these procedures splits the value of a parameter of scale for the two halfs of a symmetric distribution. Fechner proposed this procedure in his famous book Kollektivmaßlehre (1897), p. 295ff.. A similar proposal comes from Fernandez et al. (1995). We consider the very general approach from Arellano-Valle et al. (2005) of splitting a scale parameter and show that this technique of generating skewed distributions incorporates a well-defined parameter of skewness. It is well-defined in the sense that the parameter of skewness is compatible with the orderingSkewness,skewness to the right,skewness ordering,measure of skewness
Vida e morte em Fechner e Freud
No full text As concepções de vida e morte de Freud e de Fechner se entrelaçam no momento em que o primeiro, em Além do princípio do prazer (1920), aclimata ao seu arcabouço teórico o princípio fechneriano da tendência à estabilidade, tomado a partir de então como um princípio mais geral ao qual se subordina o princípio da constância (ou princípio do Nirvana). O princípio de Fechner, contudo, é destacado por Freud de uma obra publicada em 1873, onde seu autor o formula como um princípio físico que se insere em uma concepção geral sobre a vida — sobre a sua origem e o seu desenvolvimento, mas também o seu ocaso —, concepção que difere sobremaneira da visão científica usual, à qual Freud se filia. No entanto, a visão sobre a vida e a morte dos dois autores conflui a partir do ponto em comum representado pelo princípio da tendência à estabilidade, que, em Fechner, leva os organismos progressivamente ao estado inorgânico e, em Freud, parece poder ser entendido como o fundamento da pulsão de morte, que naturalmente se esforça por alcançar este mesmo fim.Palavras-Chave: Freud. Fechner. Vida. Morte. Life and death in Fechner and FreudABSTRACTFreud's and Fechner's conceptions of life and death are intertwined when the former, in Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920), acclimatizes to his theoretical framework the Fechnerian principle of the tendency to stability, taken from then on as a more general principle to which the constancy principle (or Nirvana principle) is subordinated. Fechner's principle, however, is highlighted by Freud from a work published in 1873, where its author formulates it as a physical principle that fits into a general conception of life — about its origin and its development, but also the its sunset — a conception that differs greatly from the usual scientific view, to which Freud adheres. However, the vision of life and death of the two authors converges from the common point represented by the principle of the tendency to stability, which, in Fechner, leads organisms progressively to an inorganic state and, in Freud, seems to be understood as the foundation of the death drive, which naturally strives to achieve this very end.Keywords: Freud. Fechner. Life. Death
Fechner as a pioneering theorist of unconscious cognition
No full textInternational audienceFechner remains virtually unknown for his psychological research on the unconscious. However, he was one of the most prominent theorists of unconscious cognition of the 19th century, in the context of the rise of scientific investigations on the unconscious in German psychology. In line with the models previously developed by Leibniz and Herbart, Fechner proposes an explanative system of unconscious phenomena based on a modular conception of the mind and on the idea of a functional dissociation between representational and attentional activity. For Fechner, the unconscious is a state of consciousness resulting from the isolation of representational activity from the rest of psychical life. Unconscious mental phenomena are unattended mental states that behave autonomously while remaining able to act on consciousness. This paper aims to revisit Fech unconscious, but also the theoretical significance of the Fechnerian unconscious vis-à-vis current research on the cognitive unconscious
Ocular dominance and subjective color perception: a study using the Fechner-Benham Visual Illusion
Get PDFPast research has demonstrated differences in visual processing between the dominant, or preferred eye, and the non-dominant, or less preferred eye. Researchers have accounted for these differences according to either physiological mechanisms (Porac & Coren, 1976) or behavioral preferences (Mapp, Ono, & Barbeito, 2003). The behavioral preferences account can be eliminated by examining how the eyes process visual illusions which are not expected to be influenced by prior experiences. One particular illusion, the Fechner-Benham Color Illusion, involves disks featuring black and white designs which, when rotated, produce the illusion of various subjective colors within the disks (Rosenblum, Anderson, & Purple, 1981). It was hypothesized that when viewing the Fechner-Benham Illusion with the nondominant eye, participants would exhibit longer latencies for the onset of color andwould report fewer colors compared to viewing with the dominant eye and with binocular vision. The underlying physiological mechanisms that are often regarded in subjective color perception are either described high in the visual information hierarchy, in a neurophysiological site, thus eliminating the retinal level (Rhollec & Vi�not, 1999;Robinson, 1896). Or, antagonistically, they are described as taking place within theretina in terms of an uneven distribution of photoreceptor cells (Jarvis, 1977).College Honors
PSICANÁLISE E FILOSOFIA: algumas considerações a partir da relação entre Freud e Fechner
Get PDFThe article presents a reflection about the relationship between psychoanalysis and philosophy, parting from the theoretical encounter between Freud and Fechner. The author of a considerable philosophical and scientific work, Fechner is cited by Freud, among other places, in Beyond the pleasure principle (1920), where his principle of the tendency towards stability is connected to the Freudian theory, which then starts to consider the principle of constancy as a special case of Fechner’s principle. In this connection, the fields of psychoanalysis and philosophy touch each other in the intersectional domain of theoretical hypotheses that have the intent of representing reality, where one can delineate a work that inserts itself in the more general field of the history of ideas. At the end, it is also presented the sketch of a general panorama of the possible types of work that involve the relationship between psychoanalysis and philosophy.O artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a relação entre psicanálise e filosofia a partir do encontro teórico entre Freud e Fechner. Autor de uma considerável obra filosófica e científica, Fechner é citado por Freud, entre outros lugares, em Além do princípio de prazer (1920), onde o seu princípio da tendência à estabilidade será articulado à teoria freudiana, que, por sua vez, passará a considerar o princípio de constância como um caso especial do princípio fechneriano. Nesta articulação, os campos da psicanálise e da filosofia se tocam no domínio interseccional das hipóteses teóricas que têm por intento a representação da realidade, no que se pode delinear um trabalho que se insere no campo mais geral da história das ideias. Ao final, apresenta-se ainda o esboço de um panorama geral dos tipos possíveis de trabalho que envolvem a relação entre psicanálise e filosofia
Evolutionary relationships of Heimioporus and Boletellus (Boletales), with an emphasis on Australian taxa including new species and new combinations in Aureoboletus, Hemileccinum and Xerocomus
No full textBoletellus and Heimioporus, two genera of Boletaceae with ornamented basidiospores, are shown to be distinct genera on the basis of phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal large-subunit and translation elongation-factor 1α DNA sequences. Comparison of spore ornamentation type-longitudinally ribbed in Boletellus v. punctate, alveolate-reticulate in Heimioporus-are further evidence for distinction. Analyses of multiple accessions from the Americas, Asia and Australia support the monophyly of Heimioporus and a \u27core Boletellus\u27 clade, containing the type species, B. ananas (M.A.Curt.) Murrill, and approximately seven additional species. Tests of alternative phylogenetic topologies could not reject monophyly of a more inclusive group containing the core Boletellus clade and six other species. Heimioporus australis Fechner & Halling, H. cooloolae Fechner & Halling, Boletellus deceptivus Halling & Fechner, B. reminiscens Halling & Fechner and B. sinapipes Fechner, K.Syme, R.Rob. & Halling are described as new species. Phylogenetic analyses also support the following new combinations: Aureoboletus projectellus (Murrill) Halling, A. mirabilis (Murrill) Halling, Hemileccinum subglabripes (Peck) Halling and the new name, Xerocomus tenax Nuhn & Halling
Understanding the intention-behaviour gap in meat reduction: The role of cognitive dissonance in dietary change
No full textTransitioning to a plant-dominant food system is crucial for mitigating climate change, improving public health, and reducing animal suffering. However, despite growing awareness of these benefits, meat consumption remains high in most developed countries, and many individuals who intend to reduce their meat intake struggle to follow through. This longitudinal study, grounded in the transtheoretical model of change and cognitive dissonance theory, examines the psychological mechanisms underlying the adoption of a vegetarian diet. Findings suggest that cognitive dissonance mediates the relationship between motivations, barriers to meat reduction, and individuals' stage of dietary change. Those who successfully transitioned to a vegetarian diet experienced increased cognitive dissonance alongside a decline in health and feasibility barriers. Conversely, individuals who maintained meat consumption despite their intentions faced heightened feasibility barriers and a weakened perception of plant-based food benefits. These insights can assist policymakers and industry professionals in developing stage-specific interventions that address the psychological and practical challenges of meat reduction, ultimately facilitating a shift towards a more sustainable and ethical food system.Full Tex
Time Discounting: Declining Impatience and Interval Effect
Get PDFMost studies have not distinguished delay from intervals, so that whether the declining impatience really holds has been an open question. We conducted an experiment that explicitly distinguishes them, and confirmed the declining impatience. This implies that people make dynamically inconsistent plans. We also found the interval effect that the per-period time discount rate decreases with prolonged intervals. We show that the interval and the magnitude effects are caused, at least partially, because subjects' choices are influenced by the differential in reward amount, while Weber's law solves neither the delay nor the interval effects.
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