643 research outputs found
Message from Cameron’s Speech – Still an Awkward Partner
No full textDavid Cameron’s speech and letter outlining the plans for renegotiation of the UK’s EU membership were attempts to frame the debate as much to set its content, writes Laura Cram. She argues that, despite claiming a practical approach, the Prime Minister in fact relied upon emotional arguments unlikely to convince many of the likelihood of serious change
Message from Cameron’s Speech – Still an Awkward Partner
No full textDavid Cameron’s speech and letter outlining the plans for renegotiation of the UK’s EU membership were attempts to frame the debate as much to set its content, writes Laura Cram. She argues that, despite claiming a practical approach, the Prime Minister in fact relied upon emotional arguments unlikely to convince many of the likelihood of serious change
[[alternative]]A Study on the Emergence and Transition of Taipei’s Cram Schools for College Entrance Exams
No full text[[abstract]]A Study on the Emergence and Transition of Taipei’s Cram Schools for College Entrance Exams
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to inquire the emergence and transition of Taipei’s cram schools for college entrance exams (TCSCEE). By analyzing the literature on the subject and the interviews with important figures in the cram school circles, conclusions are as follows:
1. The emergence and transition of TCSCEE is influenced by the economic situation, the educational system, the population quantity, and people’s attitude to a higher school. Among these factors, the attitude plays the most important role.
2. The transition of TCSCEE has different developmental stages. Five events result in those transitions. The first is the monopoly of Jian Guo Cram School and Zhi Cheng Cram School. The second is Zhu Shi-heng’s break away from Jian Guo and his establishment of Li Ren Cram School. The third is the government’s prohibition against new cram schools. The fourth is the shift in the operating strategy to emphasizing the cram schools’ facilities and advertising by Wang Rong-lin of Li Ren. The last is the government’s permission of the establishment of new cram schools. At present, the possible trend of cram schools’ development is communitization, informationization, and commercialization.
3. There are many huge controversies caused by TCSCEE, including the violation of exam equity by cram schools, whether the high school teachers can teach at cram schools, whether students can go to cram schools, the public safety of cram schools’ building, and so forth.
4. The operation of TCSCEE is commerce-oriented. In practice, advertising, promotion, and the quality of teachers are emphasized in order to raise the rate of entering colleges; the health of students’ body and mind, the structures of the cram schools’ buildings or the classrooms, and the public safety are relatively neglected.
5. The proper authorities do not effectively and attentively manage and regulate TCSCEE. The main reasons include the ambiguity of the cram school’s legal position, the unpracticality of the law, the shortage of government’s manpower, and the lobbying of interest groups. However, government’s strategies to manage them become more and more practical.
6. There were many TCSCEE located in Nan Yang Street because of the convenient transportation and the low rent. This generates the benefits of agglomeration, and Nan Yang Street is still a center of TCSCEE.
7. The Association of Taipei’s Supplementary Schools has much contribution to the development of Taipei’s supplementary education. But its representation needs to be enhanced.
8. TCSCEE has positive social functions, such as helping those nonpassing students settle down and empowering their abilities. However, it still has some negative influences, such as strengthening the competition among students.
[[alternative]]The career development of English teachers in the English-learning cram school in Taichung city.
No full text[[abstract]]The main purpose of this study is to discuss the factors for English teacher to join adult English cram school,how they work in the cram school and what are their plans for the future career. This study uses multiple cases interview and assists with half-structural outline of interview to be the tools for collecting data. The objects of this study are four teachers in one famous cram school in Taichung. After mailing the invitation and interview outline to the teachers, getting their agreement, researcher goes on the interview. Translating the recorded material into paper words, coding, and analyzing, researcher gets the following conclusions: 1.Dut to the interest on English and teaching, the support of family, and the promotion of adult English cram school, English teachers chose adult cram school as their workplace; 2.Besides do the teaching job at cram school, adult English teachers will be sent to enterprises or schools once in a while; 3.After the consideration of personal and environmental factors, besides be English teachers at cram school , they also want to be professional editor, English translator, publicist, Chinese teacher for the foreigners and so on.
MarineCyanophageHostGenes
No full textThese fasta files contain the reference sequences for the phylogenetic trees created in “Associations between picocyanobacterial ecotypes and cyanophage host genes across ocean basins and depth” by Clara A. Fuchsman, David Garcia-Prieto, Matthew D. Hays, Jacob A. Cram from the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Horn Point Laboratory. The reference sequences are a combination of sequences downloaded from NCBI, and proteins/genes from assembled contigs from the ETNP, HOT viromes and BioGeotraces (Fuchsman et al., 2017; Biller et al., 2018; Luo et al., 2020). </p
"Ralph A. Cram, Architect and Author, Dies" 9/22/1942 obituary
No full textObituary for Ralph A. Cram, member of the team architects who created the original Rice Institute campu
[[alternative]]The Social and Psychological Functions of Cram School--an Ethnographical Research of a Cram School Teacher
No full text[[abstract]] 補習教育在台灣被視為學生壓力的最大來源，學生在補習班中受著龐大的升學與課業壓力。因此教育部不斷的更改課程內容與升學方式，期望減少學生的壓力，並且使補習教育從台灣消逝，然而在十數年的教育改革中，補習班卻始終屹立不搖，令人費解。 筆者透過在補習班工作經驗，重新檢視補習班的功能，發現由於學校教育制度的多元化、社會風氣與觀念的改變，家庭結構的改變等種種因素，現在的補習班並不是單純的僅有學科教學功能，同時還擁有的社會與心理功能，而這些社會與心理因素，正是家長、學生依賴補習班的深層原因。 而正因為補習班功能的多元化，若僅是從學科學習角度來改革教育制度，而忽略家長、學生在社會、心理方面的需求，如此一來想要使補習班消失則將會徒勞無功。[[abstract]] The cram school is considered the most stressed for students in Taiwan. Students feel a tremendous pressure academically in the cram school. Thus, Ministry of Education has changed the contents of curriculum and the ways of Entering a higher school. They hope it can reduce students' pressure and make the cram school in Taiwan disappeared. However, the cram school remains for few ten of years. The author reviews the functions of the cram school through the working experiences in the cram school. The study shows the functions of modern cram school is not only in academic, but in social and psychological. That's because of diversification in education system, the changing of social values and conceptions, and etc. However, the factors of social and psychological are the deeply factors that parents and students depend on the cram school. Because of diversification of functions in the cram school, we have to reform education system not only from the academic point of view, but from parents and students' demand of social and psychological. Otherwise, to make the cram school disappeared would be in vain
Dalgarno in Paris
No full textabstract : The paper reports on a recent discovery that in Paris two manuscripts are conserved, which are concerned with two distinct but closely connected inventions by George Dalgarno : a universal character and an artificial language. The manuscripts were written in 1657 by a visitor to Oxford who probably came from Paris. The paper recapitulates the early history of Dalgarno' s scheme, paying special attention to a broadsheet he published in 1657. The Paris manuscripts contain a faithful Latin translation of parts of the content of this broadsheet, and some additional material. The manuscripts enable us to fill in some of the details of the development of Dalgarno' s early scheme. Moreover, their very existence sheds further light on the network of scholarly contacts regarding universal language. Finally, the manuscripts illustrate the importance of the relationship between spoken and written language for 17th century ideas on universal language.RÉSUMÉ : Cet article rend compte de la découverte récente de deux manuscrits conservés à Paris, qui traitent de deux inventions par George Dalgarno (1616?- 1687) distinctes mais étroitement liées : un « caractère universel » et une langue artificielle. Les manuscrits ont été écrits en 1657 par un visiteur à Oxford qui probablement venait de Paris. L'article récapitule la première période du plan de Dalgarno, prêtant attention spécialement à une « grande feuille » publiée par Dalgarno en 1657. Les manuscrits parisiens contiennent une traduction fidèle de l'Anglais au Latin de certaines parties du contenu de cette grande feuille, et du matériel additionnel. Les manuscrits nous permettent de remplir quelques détails du développement du plan de Dalgarno. En outre, le fait même qu'ils existent éclaircit l'entrelacement des contactes entre savants relativement au thème de la langue universelle. Finalement, les manuscrits illustrent l'importance du rapport entre langue écrite et langue parlée pour les idées sur la langue universelle au xvne siècle.Maat Jaap, Cram David. Dalgarno in Paris. In: Histoire Épistémologie Langage, tome 20, fascicule 2, 1998. Théories des cas. pp. 167-179
John Wallis. Teaching Language to a Boy Born Deaf: the Popham Notebook and Associated Texts : edited and introduced
No full textThis book presents an edition of a previously unpublished notebook used by the seventeenth-century polymath John Wallis to teach language to the 'deaf mute' Alexander Popham. Under the terms of the law Popham would not have been able to inherit his family title and property if he had remained unable to speak. This is one of the most famous cases in the history of deaf education. The notebook, which has recently come to light in the Popham family mansion, provides fascinating insights into the details of the instruction. It is a rare example of a manual tailor-made for the instruction of a known individual and its author is one of the foremost scientists of the period. If it had not been lost the work would have been a key document in the dispute between John Wallis and William Holder, both distinguished fellows of the Royal Society, on whose method had been successful in teaching Popham to speak. The Popham Notebook provides essential evidence towards the resolution of a debate that has been widely discussed ever since. David Cram and Jaap Maat place the work in its personal, social, and scientific contexts. They include a range of additional contemporary texts and provide a clear text with helpful annotations. The edition provides the means for a thorough reassessment of the work's contemporary value. Their introduction also includes a discussion of the theoretical issues underpinning the teaching of language to the deaf
Comparison of Contained Rock Asphalt Mat (CRAM) with Conventional Asphaltic Concrete Pavements
No full textA brochure proposing the use of Contained Rock Asphalt Mat (CRAM) provided a comparison of stress distributions throughout a CRAM structure (Figure 1) as compared to a conventional pavement (Figure 2). Experience has indicated that stress distributions do not always present the most sensitive or appropriate analysis of a pavement structure. Distributions of strains, and more particularly work , are better indicators of load distributions throughout a pavement structure and subsequent performance
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