37 research outputs found
Comparison analisys of financial performance of village owned business entity (BUMDes) “bina mandiri” Jada Bahrin village and village owned business entity (BUMDes) “Pagarwan” Pagarawan village 2019-2021 period
No full textThis study aims to analyze and compare the financial performance of BUMDes "Bina Mandiri" Jada Bahrin Village and BUMDes "Pagarawan" Pagarawan Village. The method used in this study is the quantitative method with a measuring instrument that uses ratio analysis and the CAMEL method. The rapid development of BUMDes in recent years has prompted the author to conduct research on Comparative Analysis of the Financial Performance of Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) "Bina Mandiri" Jada Bahrin Village and Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) "Pagarawan" Pagarawan Village for the 2019-2021 Period . The types and sources of data used are secondary data taken from the financial statements of BUMDes "Bina Mandiri" and BUMDes "Pagarawan" for the last 3 years (period 2019 to 2021). Data collection techniques used with documentation and literature review. Based on the results of the activity ratio research, it shows that BUMDes "Pagarawan" has better financial performance than BUMDes "Bina Mandiri", based on the profitability ratio shows that BUMDes "Bina Mandiri" has better financial performance than BUMDes "Pagarawan", while based on the analytical method CAMEL BUMDes “Bina Mandiri” has better financial performance than BUMDes “Pagarawan”. From the results of research for BUMDes "Bina Mandiri" and BUMDes "Pagarawan" in order to improve financial performance, especially in the activity ratio which is still in the bad category
Kinetic Study on the SO2 Adsorption using CuO/γ-Al2O3 Adsorbent
No full textAdsorbent CuO/g-Al2O3 for adsorption of SO2 were prepared by impregnating Cu(NO3)2.3H2O solution. Five types of adsorbent were obtained 5Cu (intended Cu concentration of 5%, actual of 4.92%), 8Cu (7.68%), 15Cu(14.13%), 22Cu (20.80%) and 27Cu (25.80%). For activity test, model gas containing SO2 with a concentration of about 0.755 mol/m3 were passed through the bed of 1 gram adsorbent at a flow rate in the range of 1.4-1.8 mL/s. Adsorption of SO2 were carried out at a constant temperature of 300, 350, 400 or 450 °C. Increasing sulfur loadings (gram of sulfur per gram of adsorbent) were observed with increasing adsorption temperatures, but not with increasing Cu content in the adsorbent. Among those types, adsorbent of 8Cu was considered as the best with respect to the sulfur loading (3 g of sulfur per 100 g of adsorbent). Adsorbent 5Cu had actually a better sulfur loading, but it was suspected being contributed also by adsorption of SO2 on Al2O3. The shrinking core model was used in the kinetic study of adsorption using 8Cu and with additional assumption of a spherical particle. Compared to film diffusion and pore diffusion controlling step models, the reaction rate limitation was the best to fit the experimental data. The reaction rate constant for this model at temperatures of 300, 350, 400 and 450 °C were 0.022, 0.038, 0.042, and 0.059 kg.m.mol-1.min-1, respectively. The activation energy was 21.25 kJ.mol-1 and the frequency factor was 2.02 min-1. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved
Received: 10th November 2015; Revised: 29th February 2016; Accepted: 29th February 2016
How to Cite: Bahrin, D., Subagjo, S., Susanto, H. (2016). Kinetic Study on the SO2 Adsorption using CuO/γ-Al2O3 Adsorbent. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11 (1): 93-100. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.1.425.93-99)
Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.1.425.93-9
A brief survey on birds from Pulau Perhentian Besar, Terengganu
No full textIsland avian biodiversity is an important component where islands may
act as centers for certain species that can only survive in those isolated ecosystems.
A total of 57 observations for 11 species representing 7 families and 1 individual from
1 species representing 1 family through mist-netting method were recorded at Pulau
Perhentian Besar, Terengganu from 13th to 20th September 2015 to add to the inventory
of the diversity of birds. The most observed bird was the Ducula bicolour (Pied Imperial
Pigeon) and the Copsychus malabaricus (White-rumped Shama) with a total number
of 26.32% observations. Only one individual representing 9.09% species from 14.29%
family was caught through mist-netting method which is the White-rumped shama (C.
malabaricus)
Effect of Regeneration Temperature onParticle Characteristics and Extent of Regeneration of Saturated SO2-Adsorption of CuO/γ-Al2O3 Adsorbent
No full textAbstractThe effect of regeneration temperature on characteristics and extent of desorption of saturatedCuO/γ-Al2O3 have been studied. Adsorbent CuO/γ-Al2O3(8%-Cu) was prepared using the dry impregnation method with Cu(NO3)2.3H2O solution on a commercial γ-Al2O3. SO2 adsorption process of the adsorbent CuO/γ-Al2O3were conducted on temperature of 400°C with a concentration of SO2 in a model gas of 18500 ppmv and the initial weight of adsorbent of 1.0 gram. Regeneration of saturated adsorbent were carried out under air flowat various temperatures of 500, 600 or 700°C. Both of adsorption and regeneration experiments were carried out with a flowrateof model gas or air of 1.4 – 1.8mL/sec for 60minutes. Extent of desorption of saturated adsorbent CuO/γ-Al2O3were measured based on the different weight of the adsorbent between the beginning and the end of adsorption and regeneration process. Regeneration temperaturesof 500 and 600°C did not significantly effect the averagepore diameter of adsorbent. But that of 700°Caffectedthe specific surface area and averagepore diameter ofthe adsorbentsignificantly. The extent of desorption of the saturated adsorbentCuO/γ-Al2O3at the regeneration temperature of 600°Cwas higher thanthose of 500and700°C. Up to four adsorption-desorptioncycles, the extent of desorption were more less constant. This experimental results reveal a promising method for the development of flue gas desulfurization related the use of coal with a high sulfur content in power stations
Synthesis of Zeolite from Coal Bottom Ash Using Hydrothermal Method as An Adsorbent for Heavy Metals Cd, Pb, Fe, and Cu
No full textThis study aims to synthesize zeolite from coal combustion bottom ash using the hydrothermal method and evaluate its effectiveness in adsorbing heavy metals—specifically cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu). Bottom ash was treated via alkali fusion at 750°C, followed by acid activation with 1 M HCl to extract silica and alumina. Zeolite synthesis was hydrothermal at 100°C with 6, 12, and 24 hours of crystallization. Sodium aluminate (NaAlO2) was added to adjust the Si/Al ratio and enhance structural stability. The synthesized zeolites were characterized using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The sample crystallized for 12 hours and exhibited the highest SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, measuring 3.73. Adsorption tests revealed optimal performance at pH 5–9 and 120 minutes contact time, achieving removal efficiencies of 97.84% for Pb2+, 99.47% for Cd2+, 99.73% for Fe2+, and 99.91% for Cu2+. These findings demonstrate that bottom ash-derived zeolite is a promising, low-cost adsorbent for heavy metal removal from wastewater. It supports use in sustainable and long-term industrial effluent treatment systems
The Relationship Between Spontaneous Combustion Duration And Temperature Rise Of Coal in Stockpile 1, Air Laya Mine, PT Bukit Asam Tbk
No full textSpontaneous combustion in coal stockpiles is a critical hazard in the mining industry. This study investigates the relationship between combustion duration and the increase in coal temperature at Stockpile 1 of the Air Laya Mine operated by PT Bukit Asam Tbk. Experimental simulations were conducted on four types of coal with calorific values of approximately 4,200; 4,900; 5,300; and 7,100 kcal/kg. Each coal type underwent a 6-hour heating process, with temperature data collected at 30-minute intervals using an infrared thermometer. The results reveal a strong linear correlation during the first 90 minutes of combustion. The coal with the lowest calorific value showed the highest and fastest temperature increase, peaking at 725°C, while coal with the highest calorific value peaked at only 544°C. The study concludes that low-rank coal is significantly more reactive and prone to spontaneous ignition, underscoring the importance of tailored management strategies
Synthesis Gas Production From Palm Oil Shell Waste Using Al/Cr Metal Pillared Bentonite Catalyst For Eco-Friendly Fuel
No full textThe production of palm oil shell waste in the palm oil industry is increasing, but the utilization of palm oil shell waste has not been utilized optimally. Palm Oil Shells must be processed and utilized to reduce pollution and increase the use value of waste. This research aims to utilize palm oil shell waste using an Al/Cr metal pillared bentonite catalyst with a gasification process to produce synthesis gas. The bentonite pillarization process using Al/Cr metal aims to increase the catalyst surface area, basal distance and catalyst surface acidity so as to increase the catalytic activity of the catalyst in the gasification process. The gasification process is carried out at temperatures of 450, 500, 550 and 600°C. Adding the Al/Cr metal pillared bentonite catalyst, the H2 concentration increased significantly. The effect of increasing temperature can increase the H2 content by consuming CO within a certain time limit. The gasification process at temperature 600°C with a 20% Al/Cr metal pillared bentonite catalyst is the optimal condition for producing synthesis gas. The heating value of the gasification results in terms of the optimum HHV and LHV values is 16.21 MJ/Nm3 and 14.59 MJ/Nm3. Based on research, gasification of palm oil shells using an Al/Cr metal pillared bentonite catalyst is feasible for the production of environmentally friendly fue
Reduction of SO<sub>2</sub> Emission Using CuO/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Adsorbent: Case Study on Combustion of Algae Biomass Having High Sulfur Content
No full textSyngas Production Through Non Catalytic Gasification of Empty Fruit Bunch and Catalytics Using Natural Bentonite
No full textThe high increase in production of empty oil palm fruit bunch waste in the palm oil industry has not been utilized optimally. Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) must be further processed with the aim of reducing pollution and increasing use value. The aim of this research is to compare syngas products using TKKS waste and using natural bentonite catalysts. Gasification is carried out at temperatures of 450, 500, 550, and 600°C. The addition of a natural bentonite catalyst to the gasification process can increase the composition and volume of the gas. In the gasification process, the higher the reaction temperature, the greater the conversion percentage produced. This is proven in the syngas product produced at a temperature of 600 °C. In non-catalytic EFB gasification, the largest concentrations of H2 and CO were obtained, namely 21.86%vol and 11.93%vol. With the addition of natural bentonite, the concentrations of H2 and CO increased by 27.18%vol and 14.21%vol. Gasification efficiency is seen from the optimum H2/CO ratio value of 1.91, CG/NCG value of 5.81, CCE value of 77.07, and CGE value of 62.67. The calorific value in terms of the optimum HHV and LHV values is 11.40 MJ/Nm3 and 10.26 MJ/Nm3 using a bentonite catalyst. EFB catalytic gasification using a natural bentonite catalyst is better for producing high-quality synthetic gas products for the production of good environmental fuel
Optimizing Bio-Oil Yield from Pyrolysis of Spent Bleaching Earth for Liquid Fuel Production
No full textSpent Bleaching Earth is an industrial waste generated primarily from vegetable oil processing and contains 20-40% oil by weight, which poses a fire hazard due to the risk of spontaneous combustion. Commonly, Spent Bleaching Earth is processed using extraction methods with solvents like n-hexane, methanol, or steam. However, transforming SBE into liquid fuel via pyrolysis remains underexplored. This research aims to convert into liquid fuel through pyrolysis. The process was conducted at 600 °C for 90 min, resulting in pyrolysis oil with a density of 992.8 kg/m³, a viscosity of 31.21 cSt, a calorific value of 40.63 MJ/kg, and a flash point of 36 °C. Additionally, the oil contained 21.18% phenol compounds. The remaining material from the process, including char, constituted 54% of the original spent bleaching earth mass. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using pyrolysis to convert into a valuable liquid fuel, offering a sustainable approach to manage this hazardous industrial waste while producing energy-rich byproducts. This study underscores the potential of pyrolysis as a waste-to-energy solution and a safer alternative to traditional disposal methods for Spent Bleaching Earth
