104 research outputs found
Porcine model of xenobiotic metabolism
No full textA xenobiotic is a foreign chemical substance found in the environment. The body removes xenobiotics by xenobiotic metabolism. Drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) play central roles in the metabolism, elimination, and detoxification of xenobiotics introduced into the body. Orphan nuclear receptors play crucial role in regulation of the expression of DMEs. The pig has quickly grown into an important biomedical research tool over the past few decades. The pig is an appropriate animal model for the investigation of xenobiotic disposition, as the transporters and CYP enzymes are very similar to those in humans. The characterization of porcine drug metabolism genes and the genes involved in regulating drug metabolism can provide insights into human drug metabolic diseases and individual variability of responses toward a drug. The tissue- and stage-specific expression of the nuclear receptors in pigs and their comparison to humans will be of great interest. Consequently, the goal of the proposal is to validate pig as a model of xenobiotic metabolism in order to get a better understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of the xenobiotics. Expression of orphan nuclear receptors were screened across various porcine organs (liver, kidney, lung, small intestine, spleen, pancreas, heart, brain and skeletal muscle). Analysis of the mRNA expression levels of porcine orphan nuclear receptors in total RNA from various porcine organs was also performed by real time reverse transcriptase PCR. Expression of all the porcine nuclear receptors studied except (PPARγ) was detected in the liver and kidney. Most of the nuclear receptors showed higher expression in the liver. The tissue distribution and the expression profiles of the porcine nuclear receptors were consistent with those of human. To evaluate the effect of xenobiotic exposure on the expression pattern of the nuclear receptors, expression pattern of nuclear receptors were evaluated in three different developmental stages i.e; three month old fetus, one month old piglet and one year old adult pig. The expression levels of the nuclear receptors in adult tissues were higher than that of one month old piglets which in turn were higher than those of a three month old fetal piglet. Porcine orphan nuclear receptors liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), liver X receptor beta (LXRβ) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) were cloned and the sequence analysis revealed eight novel transcript variants for LXRα and LXRβ each and five novel transcript variants for CAR. The expression profiles and the physiochemical properties of the novel identified transcript variants were analyzed. Further, we developed and characterized a porcine hepatocyte cell line representative of human primary hepatocytes to support drug toxicity and metabolism assessments. Three independent hepatocyte cell lines were developed from three different Oncopigs and all of them expressed hepatocyte specific and most important drug metabolism and regulation genes comparable to those porcine primary hepatocytes. We evaluated the effect of selective CYP modulators on three porcine hepatocyte cell lines. All the three independent porcine hepatocyte cell lines behaved the same way and the gene regulation pattern in hepatocyte cell lines was similar to that of primary hepatocytes and human models. These findings indicate that this porcine hepatocyte cell line represents a useful and predictive model for high throughput screening of new drugs as well as studies on metabolism and hepatotoxicity of chemicals.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-08-01The student, Arun De, accepted the attached license on 2016-07-12 at 13:18.The student, Arun De, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-07-12 at 13:23.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-07-12 at 15:10.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9889 on 2016-11-10 at 12:25:16Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T18:42:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2016-07-12Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 95479
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 95479 on 2018-11-11T10:15:24Z
Response of Neem Cake Rhizobium and Inorganic Fertilizer on Soil Health Growth and Yield of Green gram (Vigna radiata L.) var. Samrat
No full textResponse of Nutrients, Biofertilizers, and Biochar on Soil properties under Cultivation of Pea Crop (Pisum sativum L.) var. Kashi Mukti in an Inceptisol of Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh, India
No full textThe experiment was conducted at the research farm of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry to investigate the response of nutrients, biofertilizers, and biochar on soil properties under cultivation of pea crop (Pisum sativum L.) var. Kashi Mukti. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important rabi leguminous crop found in the Indian subcontinent. It is mostly grown as a winter crop in the fields of northern India and as a summer vegetable on the slopes. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications Pea was taken for study with recommended doses of fertilizers (N, P2O5 and K2O @ 20, 60 and 40 kg ha-1) was applied with Rhizobium and Biochar. The bulk density (Mg m-3) and particle density (Mg m-3) of the soil were found to be maximum in treatment T1 (NPK @ 0% + Rhizobium @ 0% + Biochar @ 0%), on the other hand, treatment T9 (NPK @ 100% + Rhizobium @ 100% + Biochar @ 100%) exhibited the highest values for pore space (%), water holding capacity (%), pH (1:2) w/v, electrical conductivity (dS m-1), organic carbon (%), available nitrogen (kg ha-1), available phosphorus (kg ha-1) and available potassium (kg ha-1). In conclusion, the experiment demonstrated that the application of NPK fertilizers, rhizobium, and biochar had a significant impact on the soil health under pea cultivation
Effect of STCR Based Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Productivity and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Inceptisol of Prayagraj, India
No full textA field experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 at the Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology& Sciences, Prayagraj (Uttar Pradesh) at research field of department of Soil Science to find out the “Effect of STCR based application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, productivity and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Inceptisol of Prayagraj”. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design, with three replications. The Soil texture class Sandy loam, experimental area falls in order of Inceptisol. The Soil pH (7.6), EC at 250c (0.63dSm-1), organic carbon (0.42%), available nitrogen (94.50 kgha-1),available phosphorus(31.5 kgha-1)and available potassium (302.4 kgha-1) were found in experiment field during 2021.The growth attribute like plant height was observed significant at 30,60,90 and 120 DAS on pooled basis(2020-2021 and 2021-2022).The best treatment combination was (T9) STB+FYM 15 tha-1(150:15:150 NPK kgha-1)+FYM 15 tha-1 that showed the highest in grain weight in 1st year(46.52 g) and 2nd year(47.01g) respectively. From the economical point of view, the treatment (T9) combination gave the maximum net return of ₹ (44922.0 ha-1) with B:C ratio of (1.84)
Influence of Different Levels of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivation on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil
No full textThe degradation of soil, characterized by the decline in soil organic matter, nutrient exhaustion, and the subsequent diminishment of soil fertility, stands as a prominent factor contributing to the subpar levels of agricultural productivity. Organic amendments (OAs) present a promising avenue for rectifying this degradation, exerting their potential by enacting improvements in both the physical and chemical attributes of the soil. This, in turn, leads to a marked enhancement in the growth and yield performance of crops. An experimental endeavor was meticulously undertaken, employing the Randomised Block Design (RBD) framework, and encompassing three replicates for each treatment. Data collected during the course of instantiation were statistically analyzed using SVPSS software. Within this ambit, nine distinct nutrient management practices were evaluated, which included the application of organic manures, namely vermicompost (VC) and neem cake (NC), alongside their amalgamations with inorganic fertilizers. The overarching objective was to gauge the ensuing impact on the physico-chemical facets of the soil. Upon a comprehensive analysis of the aforementioned research endeavor, it emerges as a discernible conclusion that the treatment combination denoted as T9 [RDF @ 100% + Vermicompost @ 6 t ha-1 + Neem cake @ 1.2 t ha-1] emerged as notably advantageous. This treatment not only exhibited a discernible positive effect but also led to a significant amelioration in the physico-chemical attributes of the soil. Consequently, it is prudent to advocate this particular treatment combination to farmers, as it not only augments the yield of potatoes but also serves to uphold the overall health and vitality of the soil, particularly under the specific agro-climatic conditions of Prayagraj
Influence of Different Levels Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
No full textThe global food demand of growing human population and need for eco-friendly strategy for sustainable soil-plant-microbes-environmental system currently a crucial challenge. In conventional farming for increasing the crop yield farmers are using huge amount of chemical fertilizer in the fields. Due to either over or imbalance use of chemical fertilizers in cultivation of crops, degraded the soil fertility and health of soil. Such farming is blamed for land degradation and environment pollution and adversely affecting the human health, plants and animals. Soil degradation contributes to low agricultural productivity. Organic amendments (OAs) have the potentials to reverse soil degradation processes by improving the soil\u27s physical and chemical properties and consequently improve crop growth and yield performance An experiment was carried out during the winter season of 2021- 2022 to know the Effect of different levels of Vermicompost,Neam cake and fertilizer on soil health and yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ”. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with three replicates for each treatment. The fertilizer applied for the crop was NPK and @ 120kg, ha-1, 80kg ha-1, 100 kgha-1, Vermicompost 6 and Neem cake 1.2 t h-1, respectively, showed significant influence on the soil health of Potato . Based on the above research work, it is concluded that application of Vermicompost, Neam cake and fertilizer, treatment T9 [NPK 100% + VC @100% + Neem Cake @ 100% ha-1] was found more beneficial and significantly improved soil, and tuber yield of Potato grown under Allahabad Agro-climatic conditions
Effect of Integrated Sources of Nutrients on Growth, Yield and Economics of Cowpea (Vigna unguculata L.) var Ankur Gomati
No full textA field experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 7 treatments and 3 replications to study the effect of fertilizers, organic manures, biochar and crop residues on growth. yield and economics of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in Inceptisols of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India in 2022. A research variety Ankur Gomati was taken for this research trial. Recommended doses of fertilizers (N, P2O5 and K2O @ 25, 75 and 60 kg ha-1) was applied with inorganic fertilizers (Zn and B), organic manures (FYM, vermicompost, neem cake and poultry manure), biochar and crop residues (rice straw and wheat straw). Growth parameters such as the maximum plant height 46.96 cm, 70.21 cm and 92.22 cm, maximum number of branch plant-1 5.82, 7.56 and 9.79, highest number of leaf plant-1 28.32, 30.56 and 32.22, highest length of leaf as 5.37 cm, 7.31 cm and 9.18 cm were recorded in T7 [RDF + Poultry Manure @2 t ha-1 + Biochar @2.5 t ha-1 + Vermicompost @2 t ha-1 + Neem Cake @500 kg ha-1] at 30 DAS, 55 DAS and 70 DAS respectively. And yield parameters such as high pod length as 21.72 cm and 20.01 cm, highest number of pods plant-1 35.52 and 35.75, highest number of seed pod-1 10.01 and 10.21 and highest test weight 27.12 g and 26.23 g were recorded in T7 [RDF + Poultry Manure @2 t ha-1 + Biochar @2.5 t ha-1 + Vermicompost @2 t ha-1+ Neem Cake @500 kg ha-1] at 55 DAS and 70 DAS respectively. Highest yield 160.12 q ha-1 were obtained in treatment T7 [RDF + Poultry Manure @2 t ha-1 + Biochar @2.5 t ha-1 + Vermicompost @2 t ha-1+ Neem Cake @500 kg ha-1]. Maximum gross return ₹ 2,41,680 was recorded in treatment T7 [RDF + Poultry Manure @2 t ha-1 + Biochar @2.5 t ha-1 + Vermicompost @2 t ha-1+ Neem Cake @500 kg ha-1]. Maximum B:C ratio (2.80) was recorded in T4 [RDF + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 + Rice Straw @ 6 t ha-1]. But maximum net return (₹ 1,47,624.1) was recorded in treatment T4 [RDF + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 + Rice Straw @ 6 t ha-1]. The yield and growth parameters also significantly increased with the application of the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers
Response of Different Levels of NPK, Zinc and Neem Cake on Soil Health Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)Var. Ganga 101
No full textInfluence of Sagarika-Liquid with Inorganic Fertilizers for Enchaning the Soil Health and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)
No full textAn experiment was conducted on sagarika-liquid with inorganic fertilizers during Zaid season 2022 at the central research farm of Department of Soil science and Agricultural chemistry, to enhance the productivity. The design applied was 3x3 RBD having three levels of Sagarika-liquid @2ml, 3ml and 4ml L-1 and N P K @ 50, 75and 100%. The result obtained with treatment T9[N P K @100%+ 2 Spray of Sagarika 4ml l-1] that showed vermicompost in combination resulted in a slight change in soil pH at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm were found 7.12 and 7.27and EC 0.35 and 0.32 dS m-1 respectively. The significant results were in pore space 47.90 and 45.52%, water holding capacity 46.10 and 43.60%, organic carbon 0.54%, 0.44%, and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was found to be significant among other treatments in Green gram cultivation and soil quality improvement. The maximum yield regarding, gave the best results with respect to plant height 45.34 cm, number of pod plant-1 28.16, and number of seed pod-1 8.45. It gave highest yield 1.96 t ha-1. It was also revealed that the application with organic manures was excellent source for fertilization than fertilizers
Effect of Different Level of NPK Fertilizers, FYM and Vermicompost on Yield Attributes of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) var. Devika
No full textThe field experiment was carried out at soil science research farm of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during kharif season 2022. The soil experimental area was sandy loam in texture. The design was laid out in randomized block design with three levels of NPK (0%,50%, & 100%), three levels of FYM and three levels of Vermicompost (0%, 50%, & 100%) respectively. The results obtained with treatment T9-[120:60:50 Kg NPK + 25 t FYM + 6 t Vermicompost] showed highest plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of leaves plants-1, number of fruits plant-1, total fruit yield. No significant was observed in yield and growth of okra under control. Application of Organic manures well as its mixture with full NPK considerably increase in growth and total yield attributes of okra. In contrast to all other treatments, use of 100% NPK, 100% FYM and 100% Vermicompost shows the most significant impact with effective on okra growth
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