Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc on Wheat Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Quality and Post Harvest Soil Fertility Status
No full textA field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar. To evaluate the phosphorus and zinc on wheat yield, nutrient uptake, quality and post harvest soil fertility status. The experiment comprised of two factors each having four levels each of phosphorus (P0–0 kg P2O5 ha-1, P1–30 kg P2O5 ha-1, P2–60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and P3–90 kg P2O5 ha-1) and zinc (Zn0–0 kg Zn ha-1, Zn1–2.5 kg Zn ha-1, Zn2–5.0 kg Zn ha-1 and Zn3–7.5 kg Zn ha-1). Total sixteen treatment combinations were laid out factorial randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that application of 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 (P3) and 7.5 kg Zn ha-1 recorded significantly the higher grain and straw yields; which was found at par with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 5.0 kg Zn ha-1. Values revealed that phosphorus content in grain and straw was significantly increased with the application of 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 (P3) over rest of the treatments; which was found at par with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 (P2). Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by grain and straw was significantly higher with the application of 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 and Zn @ 7.5 kg ha-1; which was remained at par with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 5.0 kg Zn ha-1. Available P2O5 content in soil was significantly increased with the application of 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 and; which was remained at par with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1. Results obtained that different levels of phosphorus and zinc did not show any significant change in soil pH, EC, OC, available K2O as well as quality parameters like gluten and protein contents. On the basis of results, it can be concluded that application of 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 and Zn @ 7.5 kg ha-1 significantly higher the grain and straw yields, nutrient uptake like N, P and K and available P2O5 status in soil after harvest of crop
Comparative Analysis of Termite Mound Soils and their Adjacent Soils under Horticulture, Bamboo and Forest Land Uses in Acid Soils of Assam, India
No full textThe aim of this study was to compare the soil physico chemical and microbiological properties between the termite mounds and their adjacent soils using standard procedures. A one way ANOVA was performed to compare the soil properties between the termite mound and their adjacent soils. It was observed that the termite mound soil had properties different than their adjacent soils. The clay content varied from 31.02% to 33.68% in the termite mounds which was significantly higher than the adjacent soils where it ranged from 24.92% to 26.28%. The Nitrogen, P2O5 and K2O content ranged from 143 kgha-1 to 182.58 kgha-1,41.22 kgha-1 to 65.46 kgha-1 and from 116.26 kgha-1 to 132.76 kgha-1 respectively in the termite mounds while they ranged from 112.89% to 135.75%, 37.25% to 58.69% and from 78.90% to 82.50% in the adjacent soils. The activity of dehydrogenase was 86.38 µg TPF/g soil/24hr in the termite mounds under horticulture land use which was the highest while the highest dehydrogenase activity in the adjacent soils was 85.17 µg TPF/g soil/24hr. The Soil Quality Index was found to be maximum in case of Horticulture (12.35%) followed by Bamboo (10.40%) and Forest (9.80%). The termite mound soil was found to be higher in bulk density and water holding capacity compared to surrounding soil. They were also richer in clay, organic carbon, and concentrations of N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg and enzymatic activities than their adjacent soils. Total acidity, Potential acidity and Exchangeable Al+ were found to be lower in the mounds as compared to the adjacent soils under all the land uses
Effect of Phosphorus Management on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]
No full textAims: The study aims to evaluate the Phosphorus Management in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] in Loamy Sand.
Background: Phosphorus is one of the important and major nutrients required by the crops and the soil conditions affect the availability of phosphorus. Inadequate and imbalanced application of phosphatic fertilizers by farmers is one of the most important limiting factors in pulse crop production. The most obvious effect of phosphorus is on the root system of plants. Cowpea is highly responsive to fertilizer application.
Methodology: The field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2019 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, India. The experiment consisting of nine treatment combinations was evaluated in a Randomized Block Design with four replications.
Results: The results revealed that significantly higher plant height at 30 DAS, plant height at harvest, number of branches, number of nodules, fresh weight, dry weight of nodules and number of pods per plant were recorded under the treatment 30 kgP2O5 ha-1 + enriched compost (1t ha -1) + Mycorrhiza application(T9) as compared to rest of the treatments. Significantly higher values of all the above parameters were recorded which ultimately reflected in higher seed (1497 kg ha-1) and stover (2257 kg ha-1) yields, but it remained at par with all the other treatments except T1, T2 and T3.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the combined application of enriched compost (1 t/ha), mycorrhiza (100 g/kg seed), and 30 kg/ha P2O5 (DAP) in loamy sand significantly improves growth and yield attributes of cowpea, resulting in higher seed and stover yield
Variability and Genetic Parameters for Nutritional Quality Traits of Macaroni Wheat (Triticum durum L.) Genotypes
No full textThe present investigation was carried out to study genetic variability and genetic parameters for nutritional quality traits in sixteen macaroni wheat genotypes along with the five checks i.e. Panchavati, Godavari, MACS-3949, NIDW-1149, AKDW-2997-16. Nine quality characters were studied to estimate variability and genetic parameters. Statistical analysis revealed that significant differences for all the characters studied, indicating presence of considerable amount of variations among genotypes. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was found to be higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters. This confirms a wider genetic variability observed among the sixteen durum wheat. Heritability in broad sense ranged from 82.12% to 99.96%. Highest estimate of heritability was recorded for calcium content (99.96%) followed by sodium content (99.81%), Estimates of genetic advance ranged from 0.19 to 7.45. The highest estimate for genetic advance were recorded for Mg content (7.45) followed by Ca content (5.03). The significant positive correlation was found between protein content (%) with fiber content (%) and all minerals except Na content (mg/100 g) at both genotypic and phenotypic level. The performance of macaroni wheat genotypes for nutritional traits viz., NIDW-1582, NIDW-1556, NIDW-1555 have high protein content, NIDW-1582, NIDW-1556 for Iron content, NIDW-1582, NIDW-1556, NIDW-1555 for zinc content, NIDW-1569 calcium content and NIDW-1556 for magnesium content could be utilized in further breeding programme to develop a new biofortified varieties in macaroni wheat
Changes in Soil Physiochemical Properties as a Result of Different land Application Methods of Compost and Fresh Pig Manure
No full textAims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of composted and fresh pig manure application via surface and subsurface methods on soil physiochemical properties.
Study Design: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to assess the impact of five different treatments on soil quality parameters.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in Buea, Cameroon. The duration of the study spanned a single cropping season (April-June, 2024).
Methodology: Five treatments were evaluated: compose manual surface application (CMSA), compose manure subsurface application (CMSSA), fresh manure surface application (FMSA), fresh manure subsurface application (FMSSA), and the control (CNT) were tested for impact on soil pH, organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, bulk density and moisture content.
Results: The CMSA treatment significantly improved soil fertility indicators, yielding the highest values for soil pH (6.50), organic carbon (2.25%), phosphorus (68.05 mg/kg) and potassium (1.86 meq/100g). Conversely, CMSSA recorded the lowest values for several nutrients. Surface applied compost outperformed other methods likely due to better nutrient retention in the upper soil layers, enhanced aeration and increased microbial activity. Subsurface application by contrast reduced oxygen exposure and promoted nutrient leaching.
Conclusion: Surface application of composted pig manure is more effective in enhancing soil health and fertility in tropical agroecosystems than subsurface or fresh manure application methods. The study recommends adopting this method for sustainable soil management in similar environments
Optimizing Productivity and Profitability of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) with Strategic Foliar Application of Nutrients under Hot Arid Condition of Rajasthan
No full textA field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Sub-Station, Nagaur, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during (kharif) for two consecutive years (2021-2022) to evaluate the impact of foliar nutrient application on the growth, yield, productivity and also combating the dry spell effect during flower initiation and pod formation stage in mung bean. The elven treatments, viz, absolute control (without foliar application); foliar spray of nitrogen urea @ 1% at flowering initiation stage (FI); foliar spray of nitrogen urea @ 1% at FI and Pod formation (PF) stage; foliar spray soluble NPK (19:19:19) @ 1% at FI stage; FS soluble NPK (19:19:19) @ 1% at FI and (PF) stage; foliar spray of soluble KNO3 @ 0.5% at FI stage; foliar spray of soluble KNO3 @ 0.5% at FI and PF stage; foliar spray of borate @ 0.5 % at FI stage; foliar spray of borate @ 0.5 % at FI and PF stage; foliar spray of micronutrient 6’S element (Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu,Mo,B) @ 0.5 % at FI stage and foliar spray of micronutrient 6’S element (Fe,Zn, Mn, and Cu, Mo, B) @ 0.5 % at FI and PF stage was laid out in randomized block design with replicated thrice. Results revealed that foliar application of micronutrient 6’s element (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, B) at 0.5 % concentration at flower initiation and pod formation stage exhibited the highest growth and yield attributes of mungbean viz., plant height at maturity (78.4 cm), number of branches per plant (8.3), number of active nodules at flowering (24.1), number of pods per plants (61.1), number of seeds per pods (13.6) and 1000-grain weight (43.2 gm) mean grain yield (13.9 q/ha). This treatment also resulted in significant improvement in net returns (₹72,359/ha), B:C ratio (2.25), production efficiency (20.4 kg/ha/day) and monetary efficiency (₹1064/ha/day). However, the lowest value was observed without foliar application. It was concluded that foliar application of micronutrient 6’S element (Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu, Mo, B) @ 0.5% at flower initiation and pod formation stages exhibited superior growth, yields and returns under the hot arid conditions of Rajasthan (India)
Response of Chickpea to Potassium Fertilization in Vertisols under Rainfed Agro-ecosystems
No full textA field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2024–25 at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, to study the effect of different potassium levels and sources on the growth, yield, nutrient uptake and soil fertility in chickpea grown on Vertisols under rainfed conditions. The experiment included eight treatments involving combinations of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), soil-applied potassium at varying levels (20, 30, and 40 kg K/ha), foliar application of potassium nitrate (KNO₃ at 1%), and potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB). The results indicated that the combined application of 30 kg K/ha with 1% KNO₃ foliar spray (T7) recorded the highest seed yield (2133 kg ha-1), 100-seed weight (29.7 g), and plant potassium content (1.51% at 45 DAS and 1.29% at harvest). This treatment also maintained higher residual soil potassium levels. Although individual potassium treatments improved plant and soil K content over the control, the integrated soil and foliar application significantly enhanced potassium uptake and yield performance. The study highlights the importance of potassium nutrition, often overlooked in pulse production, for sustainable chickpea cultivation under rainfed conditions
Integrated Nutrient Management through Biofertilizers, Farmyard Manure and Nitrogen Doses for Enhancing Growth and Physiological Development of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
No full textThe Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine use the roots of Ashwagandha, as well as occasionally its leaves and seeds. It has hypotensive, diuretic, and laxative effects. Less work has been conducted to enhance the root and biological productivity of crops using inorganic fertilisers, and there is inadequate work reported so far on the use of biofertilisers to enhance productivity and active ingredients of crops. Therefore, the present study was planned to find out the effect of the combined applications of biofertilizers, farmyard manure and nitrogen doses combination on the physiological efficiency and growth dynamics of Ashwagandha. The investigation was conducted at the Herbal Garden, Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, JNKVV Jabalpur (M.P.) during the Rabi season 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomised Block Design with three replications and eight treatments, viz., control (T1), (T2), (T3), (T4), (T5), (T6), (T7), and (T8). The results revealed that the maximum plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, and number of tertiary branches were. number of leaves, root diameter, and root length were found with the combined application of Azotobacter @ 5 kg + PSB @ 5 Kg + FYM @ 10,000 Kg ha-1. The maximum RWC (%), proline content and chlorophyll content were recorded under the application of Azotobacter @ 5 kg + PSB @ 5 Kg + FYM @ 10,000 Kg ha-1. The maximum WSD (%) was found in Withania grown without biofertilizer, FYM or nitrogen, i.e. control. The application of Nano urea @ 2L ha-1 was most effective in increasing membrane stability (MSI). The study revealed that the growth parameters and physiological efficiency were favourably increased by the combined application of biofertilizers, FYM and nitrogen
Rhizosphere Microorganisms and Their Role in Sustenance of Soil and Nutrient Uptake in Soil
No full textThe rhizosphere, the skin of soil that has plant roots, is a dynamic habitat that is rich in various microorganisms that are critical in the health of the soil, recycling of nutrients and the yield of the plants. These symbiotically-interacting rhizosphere microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and mycorrhizae, assist root plant transformation and mobilization of important nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients. Useful microbes like Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, and plant growth-promoting substances increase the efficiency of nutrient uptake by mechanisms like nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and production of plant growth promoting substances. The mycorrhizal fungi especially the arbuscular mycorrhizae which is a type of mycorrhizal fungus enhances the nutrient and water uptake area of the root, as well as the plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. More so, rhizosphere microorganisms help to aggregate soil, decompose organic matter and to inhibit soil-borne pathogens thereby enhancing sustainable soil fertility. The rhizosphere microbiome is important to comprehend and control in order to develop agricultural practices that are environmentally friendly and that do not depend on chemical fertilizers but that ensure the sustainability of the soil in the long term. Therefore, the utilization of the power of rhizosphere microorganisms is one of the cornerstone solutions of sustainable agriculture and environmental sustainability
AI-Optimized, Organic and Microbial Nutrient Formulations for Higher Efficiency and Sustainability in Hydroponics: A Review
No full textHydroponics presents an alternative to soil-based farming for efficient use of resources, to attain high yield and minimizing environmental impact. Nonetheless, its success depends on the accurate nutrient management, which balance the nutrition of the plants. The new possibilities are associated with artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and microbial biotechnology which arerecent developments that can be optimized to improve hydroponic nutrient management. This is a literature review on the use of integrated AI-optimized and microbial nutrient formulations to enhance the hydroponic sustainability. Machine learning and hybrid optimization algorithms, allow real-time monitoring and adaptive nutrient dosing with the use of IoT. Compost extracts, fish emulsions are also organic sources of nutrients that increase the plant growth by enhancing the release of nutrients, increase the phytochemical content and improve the quality of the produce. Integrally, Bacillus, and mycorrhizal fungi are growth-promoting microorganisms that enhance solubilization of nutrients and synergistic inoculant-organic systems lead to stable nutrient cycling and an improved root architecture. With the integration of AI-based decision support hydroponics will be able to move towards closed-loop resource-efficient systems that impact the environment less, as well as satisfy global needs of high-quality foods