1,721,160 research outputs found
Comprehensive Analysis of the Use of Web-GIS for Natural Hazard Management: A Systematic Review
Full text linkThis systematic review aims to synthesise Web-GIS evidence for managing natural hazards to share state-of-the-art practices and policies. A comprehensive search in SCOPUS, among other databases, identified 1775 articles published between 2014 and 2023. Following a selection process based on the PRISMA model, 65 articles met the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed a growing trend over the past decade, with most research concentrated in the last three years. Eight crucial subtopics within the Web-GIS domain have emerged: Integrated Spatial Analysis and Modelling, Technologies and Infrastructure, Visualisation and User Interface Design, Decision Support Systems, Real-time Monitoring and Early Warning, Disaster Recovery and Resilience, Citizen and Social Media Integration, and Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration. A substantial contribution of the literature has been identified in Decision Support Systems and Integrated Spatial Analysis, reflecting their vital role in strategising and predicting hazard impacts. Furthermore, a geographical distribution analysis revealed significant Web-GIS applications in countries like Italy and China, alongside a deficit in low- and middle-income countries. It also highlights potential gaps in hazard studies, including the need to prioritise heatwave management in the face of climate change. This research calls for policymakers and practitioners to leverage evidence-informed decision making and foster community collaboration for enhanced natural disaster resilience
Spatial Insights for Building Resilience: The TErritorial RIsk Management & Analysis Across Scale Framework for Bridging Scales in Multi-Hazard Assessment
Full text linkIn an era of increasingly abundant and granular spatial and temporal data, the traditional divide between environmental GIS and building-centric BIM scales is diminishing, offering an opportunity to enhance natural hazard assessment by bridging the gap between territorial impacts and the effects on individual structures. This study addresses the challenge of integrating disparate data formats by establishing a centralised database as the foundation for a comprehensive risk assessment approach. A use case focusing on flood risk assessment for a public building in northwest Italy demonstrates the practical implications of this integrated methodology. The proposed TErritorial RIsk Management & Analysis Across Scale (TERIMAAS) framework utilises this centralised repository to store, process, and dynamically update diverse BIM and GIS datasets, incorporating real-time IoT-derived information. The GIS spatial analysis assesses risk scores for each hazard type, providing insights into vulnerability and potential impacts. BIM data further refine this assessment by incorporating building and functional characteristics, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of resilience and risk mitigation strategies tailored to dynamic environmental conditions across scales. The results of the proposed scalable approach could provide a valuable understanding of the territory for policymakers, urban planners, and any stakeholder involved in disaster risk management and infrastructure resilience planning
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak dalam Proses Peradilan Pidana Sesuai dengan Undang-Undang No. 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Pengadilan Anak (Studi Kasus di Wilayah Pengadilan Negeri Tebing Tinggi Deli)
No full textKonsideran UU No. 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Peradilan Anak menyebutkan bahwa anak adalah bagian dari generasi muda, sebagai salah satu sumber daya manusia, merupakan potensi dan penerus cita-cita perjuangan bangsa. Oleh karena itu anak memerlukan perlindungan dalam rangka menjamin pertumbuhan dan perkembangan fisik, mental dan sosial secara utuh, serasi dan selaras dan seimbang. Pelaksanaan pembinaan dan perlindungan anak diperlukan dukungan, baik menyangkut kelembagaan maupun perangkat hukum yang memadai, oleh karena itu lahirlah UU No.3 Tahun 1997 yang diundangkanlah pada tanggal3 Juni tahun 1997. Menurut Undang-Undang Peradilan Anak yang dikatagorikan anak adalah orang dalam perkara anak nakal yang telah mencapai umur 8 (delapan) tahun tetapi belum mencapai usia 18 (delapan belas) tahun dan belum pernah menikah. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari ternyata ada seorang anak yang harus diadili karena melakukan tindakan pidana atau tindakan kriminal yang harus diadili di pengadilan untuk mempertanggungjawabakan perbuatan yang dilakukannya. Dalam ketentuan Pasal 22, 23 dan Undang-Undang No.3 Tahun 1997 di dalam menjatuhkan pidana terhadap anak nakal memiliki cara dan ciri sebagai syarat-syarat khusus. Hukuman terhadap anak dibagi dalam dua katagori, yaitu hukuman pidana dan hukuman tindakan. Hukuman pidana berupa pidana pokok yang dapat dijatuhkan kepada seseorang anak nakal ialah “pidana penjara, pidana kurungan, pidana denda, dan pidana pengawasan. Sedangkan hukuman tindakan kepada anak nakal ialah : mengembalikan kepada orang tua, wali atau orang tua, menyerahkan kepada Negara untuk mengikuti pendidikan, pembinaan dan latihan kerja, atau menyerahkan kepada Departemen Sosial dan Organisasi Sosial Kemasyarakatan yang bergerak di bidang pendidikan, pembinaan dan latihan kerja. Penanganan terhadap tahanan anak maupun narapidana anak adalah diwajibkan adanya pembimbing kemasyarakatan yang mendampingi seorang anak dalam masa penyidikan, penuntutan, maupun selama dalam persidangan dan selama menjalani pidana di rumah tahanan negara atau lembaga pemasyarakatan. Proses peradilan pidana anak di wilayah Pengadilan Negeri Tebing Tinggi masih sering ditemukan kelalaian yang kurang memperhatikan kepentingan subjek anak, dalam penanganan perkara anak selaku pelaku kejahatan, dalam setiap tingkat pemeriksaan (penyidikan, penuntutan umum, hakim) sebagai contoh kasus pidana anak yang semestinya diterapkan sesuai dengan ketentuan peradilan anak ternyata hal ini terabaikan karena kelalaian dari Penyidik, Penuntut Umum, maupun Ketua Pengadilan/Hakim dalam hal prosedur penanganannya seperti Penyidik yang lama melimpahkan berkas perkara kepada Penuntut Umum, Penuntut Umurn yang lama melimpahkan berkas perkara ke Pengadilan Negeri, dan Pengadilan Negeri yang terlanjur menetapkan yang memeriksa dan mengadili adalah Hakim Majelis yang semestinya Hakim Tunggal. Demikian pula pada waktu melakukan tindakan kejahatan masih dikatagorikan anak (belum cukup berumur 18 tahun) dan setelah dilakukan penyidikan, penuntutan, maupun proses persidangan di pengadilan negeri ternyata anak yang melakukan tindak kejahatan telah lewat umur 18 (delapan belas) tahun atau dikatagorikan bukan anak lagi, sehingga sering ditemui proses peradilan yang demikian dapat mengabaikan terjadi dengan proses peradilan pidana layaknya bagi pelaku kejahatan orang telah dewasa. Anak yang tersangkut dalam suatu perkara pidana dalam proses penyidikan, penuntutan, harus segera mendapatkan bantuan hukum secara wajib dan cuma-Cuma dari seorang Advokat yang kelak akan menjadi Penasehat Hukum dalam persidangan di Pengadilan, tidak pernah terjadi di wilayah Pengadilan Negeri Tinggi Deli seorang anak yang menjalani proses penyidikan, penuntutan dan persidangan pengadilan menyediakan atau mendapatkan bantuan hukum secara cuma-cuma dari seorang Advokat.The preamble of Law No. 3/1997 on Juvenile Court says that child is a part of young generation, as one of the human resources, and a potential and the one who carries on the aspirations of struggle for nation. For this purpose, a child needs protection to guarantee the harmony of his physical, mental, and social growth and development The implementation of child development and protection needs either institutional or legal supports that initiated the establishment of Law No. 3/1997 legislated on June 3, 1997. According to the Law on Juvenile Court, a child is a single person of 8 to 18 years old involving in a juvenile case. Articles, 22, 23 of Law No. 3/1997 state that the sentence give to a child doing a crime can be in the forms of imprisonment, fine, or control, or the child is returned to his parents or guidance, or submitted to the government, Department of Social Affairs or the other social organizations for education, development, and job training. The handling of child in custody during the period of investigation, prosecution, trial, and imprisonment should be accompanied by a social counselor. The finding of this study reveals that the interest of a child in custody is frequently inadequately paid attention in the process of juvenile trail in the work area of the State Court of Tebing Tinggi Deli. For example, the former investigator delegated the case file to the prosecutor. The former prosecutor delegated the case file to the State Court. The child in custody. It is also frequently found that when the child did crime he was under 18 years old and when he was investigated, prosecuted, and tried in the State Court, he was above 18 years old and he was not categorized as a child anymore that he was processed like an adult criminal In the process of investigation and prosecution, the child involving in a criminal case must immediately receive a free legal aid from an advocate who later will act as his legal advisor in the court. But it rarely happens in the work area of the State Court of Tebing Tinggi Deli that a child in custody undergoing the process of investigation, prosecution, and trial is provide with or receives a free legal aid from an advocate.127 HalamanTesis Magiste
Falsafah pentadbiran keadilan jenayah syariah: satu penghayatan semula
No full textMakalah ini dinukilkan untuk meletakkan asas kepada penilaian terhadap pentadbiran keadilan jenayah syariah. Pentadbiran keadilan jenayah syariah perlu berpaksi kepada al-Quran dan Sunnah dan bertujuan mencapai kebahagiaan di dunia dan akhirat. Asas ini dapat dikenal pasti dengan melihat kepada matlamat utama syariah yang juga disebut sebagai maqasid al-syariah. Menegakkan keadilan ialah matlamat asas syariah yang memerlukan pelantikan hakim yang bertakwa di samping arif dalam syariah. Makalah ini merumuskan bahawa kebenaran dan keadilan yang pasti adalah berdasarkan acuan Islam dan perlu dipastikan pentadbiran keadilan jenayah syariah mengikut acuan ini
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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