97 research outputs found
Architectural illustrations... 1899
No full textArchitectural illustrations / A.W. Leh. [s.l.] : The author, 1899. 1 leaf, 23 plates ; 21 x 29 cm
Superior Microvascular Perfusion of Infused Liposome-Encapsulated Hemoglobin Prior to Reductions in Infarctions after Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia
No full textBackground: The development of cerebral infarction after transient ischemia is attributed to postischemic delayed hypoperfusion in the microvascular region. In the present study, we assessed the microvascular perfusion capacity of infused liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) in a therapeutic approach for transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Methods: Two-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion rats were immediately subjected to intra-arterial infusion of LEH (LEH group) or saline (vehicle group) or no treatment (control group), and then to recanalization. Neurological findings, infarct and edema progression, microvascular endothelial dysfunction, and inflammatory reactions were compared between the 3 groups after 24 hours of reperfusion. Microvascular perfusion in the early phase of reperfusion was evaluated by hemoglobin immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Results: The LEH group achieved significantly better results in all items evaluated than the other groups. Hemoglobin immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of hemoglobin-positive microvessels was significantly greater in the LEH group than in the other groups (P < .01), with microvascular perfusion being more likely in narrow microvessels (≤ 5 µm in diameter). An electron microscopic examination revealed that microvessels in the control group were compressed and narrowed by swollen astrocyte end-feet, whereas those in the LEH group had a less deformed appearance and contained LEH particles and erythrocytes. Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrated that the infusion of LEH reduced infarctions after tMCAO with more hemoglobin-positive and less deformed microvessels at the early phase of reperfusion, suggesting that the superiority of the microvascular perfusion of LEH mediates its neuroprotective effects
Post-ischemic intra-arterial infusion of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin can reduce ischemia reperfusion injury
No full textDespite successful revascularization, reperfusion after prolonged ischemia causes ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Recruitment and activation of neutrophils is thought to be a key event causing I/R injury. We examined whether post-ischemic intra-arterial infusion of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH), an artificial oxygen carrier without neutrophils, could reduce I/R injury in a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 2-h MCAO and then were divided into three groups: (1) LEH group (n=7) infused with LEH (Hb concentration of 6 g/dl, 10 ml/kg/h) through the recanalized internal carotid artery for 2 h, (2) vehicle group (n=8) infused with saline (10 ml/kg/h) in the same manner as the LEH group, and (3) control group (n=9) subjected to recanalization only. After 24-h reperfusion, all rats were tested for neurological score and then sacrificed to examine infarct and edema volumes, myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Compared with the control group and the vehicle group, the LEH group showed a significantly better neurological score and significantly smaller infarct and edema volumes. MPO expression, MMP-9 expression and activity, and ROS production in the LEH group were also significantly lower than those in the control and vehicle groups. The results in the present study suggest that post-ischemic intra-arterial infusion of LEH can reduce I/R injury through reducing the effect of MMP-9, most likely produced by neutrophils. This therapeutic strategy may be a promising candidate to prevent I/R injury after thrombolysis and/or thromboectomy. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Concentrations, loads, and yields of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor watershed, New Jersey, 1989–2011, at multiple spatial scales
No full textConcentrations, loads, and yields of nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) were calculated for the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor (BB-LEH) watershed for 1989–2011 at annual and seasonal (growing and nongrowing) time scales. Concentrations, loads, and yields were calculated at three spatial scales: for each of the 81 subbasins specified by 14-digit hydrologic unit codes (HUC-14s); for each of the three BB-LEH watershed segments, which coincide with segmentation of the BB-LEH estuary; and for the entire BB-LEH watershed. Base-flow and runoff values were calculated separately and were combined to provide total values.
Available surface-water-quality data for all streams in the BB-LEH watershed for 1980–2011 were compiled from existing datasets and quality assured. Precipitation and streamflow data were used to distinguish between water-quality samples that were collected during base-flow conditions and those that were collected during runoff conditions. Base-flow separation of hydrographs of six streams in the BB-LEH watershed indicated that base flow accounts for about 72 to 94 percent of total flow in streams in the watershed.
Base-flow mean concentrations (BMCs) of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) for each HUC-14 subbasin were calculated from relations between land use and measured base-flow concentrations. These relations were developed from multiple linear regression models determined from water-quality data collected at sampling stations in the BB-LEH watershed under base-flow conditions and land-use percentages in the contributing drainage basins. The total watershed base-flow volume was estimated for each year and season from continuous streamflow records for 1989–2011 and relations between precipitation and streamflow during base-flow conditions. For each year and season, the base-flow load and yield were then calculated for each HUC-14 subbasin from the BMCs, total base-flow volume, and drainage area.
The watershed-loading application PLOAD was used to calculate runoff concentrations, loads, and yields of TN and TP at the HUC-14 scale. Flow-weighted event-mean concentrations (EMCs) for runoff were developed for each major land-use type in the watershed using storm sampling data from four streams in the BB-LEH watershed and three streams outside the watershed. The EMCs were developed separately for the growing and nongrowing seasons, and were typically greater during the growing season. The EMCs, along with annual and seasonal precipitation amounts and percent imperviousness associated with land-use types, were used as inputs to PLOAD to calculate annual and seasonal runoff concentrations, loads, and yields at the HUC-14 scale.
Over the period of study (1989–2011), total surface-water loads (base flow plus runoff) for the entire BB-LEH watershed for TN ranged from about 455,000 kilograms (kg) as N (1995) to 857,000 kg as N (2010). For TP, total loads for the watershed ranged from about 17,000 (1995) to 32,000 kg as P (2010). On average, the north segment accounted for about 66 percent of the annual TN load and 63 percent of the annual TP load, and the central and south segments each accounted for less than 20 percent of the nutrient loads. Loads and yields were strongly associated with precipitation patterns, ensuing hydrologic conditions, and land use. HUC-14 subbasins with the highest yields of nutrients are concentrated in the northern part of the watershed, and have the highest percentages of urban or agricultural land use. Subbasins with the lowest TN and TP yields are dominated by forest cover.
Percentages of turf (lawn) cover and nonturf cover were estimated for the watershed. Of the developed land in the watershed, nearly one quarter (24.9 percent) was mapped as turf cover. Because there is a strong relation between percent turf and percent developed land, percent turf in the watershed typically increases with percent development, and the amount of development can be considered a reasonable predictor of the amount of turf cover in the watershed. In the BB-LEH watershed, calculated concentrations of TN and TP were greater for developed–turf areas than for developed–nonturf areas, which, in turn, were greater than those for undeveloped areas.U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014–507
Benthic-pelagic coupling: hard clams as indicators of suspended particulates in the Barnegat Bay – Little Egg Harbor estuary
No full textThe goal of this study was to characterize the seasonal quality and quantity of suspended particulate matter (seston) for bivalve suspension-feeders in the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor (BB-LEH) estuary using the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, a shellfish species that once supported major commercial and recreational fisheries in this ecosystem, as a biosensor. Specific objectives of the present study were a) to the assess temporal (weekly) and spatial variability in growth of juvenile hard clams over a range of environmental conditions at 4 contrasting field sites in LEH-BB, and b) to attempt to relate the clams’ in situ growth rates to key environmental conditions, temperature, salinity and key characteristics of the seston/food supply. The latter included Chlorophyll a, a measure of phytoplankton biomass, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC, PON), total suspended solids, particulate organic matter (POM) and inorganic matter (PIM), and particulate organic and inorganic matter (POM, PIM)
The FIREBIRD-II CubeSat mission: Focused investigations of relativistic electron burst intensity, range, and dynamics
No full textThis article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in [Johnson, A.T., Shumko, M., Griffith, B., Klumpar, D.M., Sample, J., Springer, L., Leh, N., Spence, H.E., Smith, S., Crew, A., et al. (2020). The FIREBIRD-II CubeSat mission: Focused investigations of relativistic electron burst intensity, range, and dynamics. Review of Scientific Instruments 91, 034503.] and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5137905. Deposited by shareyourpaper.org and openaccessbutton.org. We've taken reasonable steps to ensure this content doesn't violate copyright. However, if you think it does you can request a takedown by emailing [email protected]
"Lala"da nehir roman izleri
No full textBu çalışmada Polonya edebiyatının çağdaş yazarlarından biri olan, Polonya'da birçok ödüle layık görülen Jacek Dehnel'in Lala başlıklı romanında nehir roman izleri aranmıştır. Sonuç bölümüyle birlikte beş bölümden oluşan çalışmanın ilk bölümünde nehir roman türünün kökeni, gelişimi, özellikleri, Avrupa ve Polonya edebiyatındaki örnekleri irdelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde Polonya edebiyatının özellikle 1989 yılına kadar olan süreçteki gelişimi kısa bir bakışla özetlendikten sonra, asıl olarak 1989 yılından sonraki gelişimi ele alınmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde yazar Jacek Dehnel'in yaşam öyküsüne ve sanatına değinilmiştir. Çalışmanın dördüncü bölümünde ise Jacek Dehnel'in Lala başlıklı romanı nehir roman türü özellikleri doğrultusunda incelenmiş ve motif çalışması yapılmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde, nehir roman özellikleri çerçevesinde irdelenen romanın nehir romanın pek çok özelliğini taşıdığı tespitinden hareketle, Jacek Dehnel'in Lala başlıklı romanının bir nehir roman olduğu vurgulanmıştır.This study searches for traces of the roman-fleuve in "Lala", the novel of Jacek Dehnel, a contemporary author in the Polish literature who received several awards in Poland. The first chapter of the study, which consists of five chapters including the conclusion part, examines the origins, developments, characteristics, and the examples in the European and Polish literature of the roman-fleuve. After briefly summarizing the evolution of Polish Literature especially before 1989, the second chapter mainly focuses on the evolution of Polish literature after 1989. Third chapter mentions the life and art of the author Jacek Dehnel. Forth chapter examines Jacek Dehnel's novel titled Lala according to the characteristics of the roman-fleuve and presents a motif study. In the conclusion, it is emphasized that Jacek Dehnel's novel titled Lala is a roman-fleuve, since it is established that the novel which has been examined according to the characteristics of the roman fleuve has many features of the roman fleuve
[[alternative]]Research on Implementaion of Curriculum Integration in Taiwan's Elementary Schools
No full text[[abstract]]This thesis is to explore the implementation of curriculum integration in Taiwan’s Elementary Schools, aiming for five objectives: (i) Review the past researches of curriculum integration. (ii) Examine the past development of curriculum implementation. (iii) Investigate the experience of integrated curriculum development. (iv) Prospect the implementation of curriculum integration in the future. (v) Propose suggestions for the implementation of curriculum integration.
The thesis contains six chapters. Chapter 1 is the preface. In Chapter 2 the past researches about curriculum integration are reviewed. Chapter 3 analyzes the implementation of curriculum integration from the viewpoints of the curriculum standards and the curriculum experiment. Some real integrated curriculum development experiences carried out in the Leh-Leh Elementary School and by teacher Gee are introduced in Chapter 4. Accordingly, some critique upon the implementation of curriculum integration in the past is made and some prospect about the future is presented in Chapter 5. Finally in Chapter 6, ten conclusions and nine suggestions for the implementation of curriculum integration in Taiwan’s elementary schools are proposed.
Novel spherical hohlraum with cylindrical laser entrance holes and shields
No full textOur recent works [K. Lan et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 010704 (2014); K. Lan et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 052704 (2014)] have shown that the octahedral spherical hohlraums are superior to the cylindrical hohlraums in both higher symmetry during the capsule implosion and lower backscatter without supplementary technology. However, both the coupling efficiency from the drive laser energy to the capsule and the capsule symmetry decrease remarkably when larger laser entrance holes (LEHs) are used. In addition, the laser beams injected at angles >45 degrees transport close to the hohlraum wall, thus the wall blowoff causes the LEH to close faster and results in strong laser plasma interactions inside the spherical hohlraums. In this letter, we propose a novel octahedral hohlraum with LEH shields and cylindrical LEHs to alleviate these problems. From our theoretical study, with the LEH shields, the laser coupling efficiency is significantly increased and the capsule symmetry is remarkably improved in the spherical hohlraums. The cylindrical LEHs take advantage of the cylindrical hohlraum near the LEH and mitigate the influence of the blowoff on laser transport inside a spherical hohlraum. The cylindrical LEHs can also be applied to the rugby and elliptical hohlraums. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.Physics, Fluids & PlasmasSCI(E)EI1ARTICLE9null2
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