1,721,005 research outputs found
Contemporary Management of Intracranial Metastatic Disease
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Identifying Novel Targets in Chemo-resistant Cell Populations in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Full text linkGlioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive brain tumour characterized by poor prognosis, with overall patient survival rates averaging less than 15 months. Current treatment methods display immediate control of the disease, however treatment-resistant cell populations persevere, and disease recurrence is inevitable. As a result, all patients eventually succumb to the effects of their disease. Therefore, there is a need for therapeutic approaches that are capable of targeting the treatment-resistant cell populations in glioblastoma in order to provide patients their most meaningful period of remission. In this study, we propose that FDA-approved agents capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier can be repurposed for use in glioblastoma. In particular, the lipid-lowering agent lomitapide shows promising therapeutic potential in glioblastoma due to its ability to alter exogenous cholesterol levels, which Villa et al. have shown GBM cells rely on for survival.M.Sc
ID1 Expression in Glioblastoma Cells Correlates with One-carbon Mediated Purine Synthesis
Full text linkGlioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumour in adults. Inhibitor of DNA-binding-1 (ID1) is a transcriptional regulatory protein and a regulator of tumourigenesis in glioblastoma. While ID1 was shown to regulate metabolism in other cancer types, the role of ID1 in metabolic reprogramming of glioblastoma is not clear. In this thesis, we identify a correlation between ID1 expression and 1-C-mediated de novo purine synthesis in glioblastoma, and present data in support of a hypothesizes that this metabolic phenotype underlies proliferative capacity and TMZ-resistance of ID1-high glioblastoma cells. The expression of one-carbon (1-C) metabolism and purine synthesis enzymes are significantly reduced with ID1 knockout. Exogenous purine supplementation restores proliferation in ID1-deficient cells. Treatment of temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells (U251-TR) with AICAR sensitizes these cells to chemotherapy. Our data suggest that the metabolic phenotype observed in ID1-high treatment-resistant glioma cells is a potential therapeutic target for this cell population.M.Sc
Characterizing Survival and Treatment in Synchronous Intracranial Metastases: The Influence of Extracranial Disease
Full text linkCancer patients with synchronous intracranial metastatic disease (IMD) represent a heterogeneous population with varied outcomes. We conducted a retrospective, population-based study of 6,069 patients with sIMD in Ontario, Canada, from 2010–2019, to compare clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and overall survival (OS) between those with isolated IMD (i-sIMD) and those with extracranial metastases and sIMD (sIMD+ECM) at cancer diagnosis. I-sIMD occurred in 397 (6.9%) patients and was associated with a higher proportion of breast primary cancers, greater comorbidity, and more frequent systemic anti-cancer therapy use. Surprisingly, these patients were less likely to receive stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or neurosurgical resection. Regardless, i-sIMD was associated with longer OS than sIMD (5.4 vs. 3.0 months; adjusted HR 0.53; p<0.001), particularly among patients treated with SRS or neurosurgery (20.5 vs. 9.2 months; p<0.001) and patients with breast cancer compared to other solid tumours (20.8 vs. 2.3 months; aHR 0.47; p=0.002). Our findings highlight i-sIMD as a distinct subgroup with more favourable outcomes.M.Sc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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