1,721,077 research outputs found
Data from Analytical pyrolysis of fir sawdust, olive stone and sewage sludge in molten carbonate salts
No full textThis dataset contains Py-GC-MS data obtained from the pyrolysis of three different biomass in different experimental conditions. Specifically, Py-GC-MS was used to investigate the chemical composition of semivolatile pyrolysates from firwood sawdust, olive stone, and sewage sludge in the presence of molten Li₂CO₃-Na₂CO₃-K₂CO₃ salts. The effects of pyrolysis temperature (400-800 °C) and biomass-to-salt ratios (1:0, 1:2.5, 1:5, and 1:10) were assessed. Pyrolysis products from each biomass under all experimental conditions were identified, and their peak areas were integrated by extracting chromatograms at selected m/z ions. Integrated areas were normalized to the weight of the pyrolyzed biomass to evaluate the effects of temperature and salt on product distribution. Fisher tests were performed to assess the statistical significance of salt effects on pyrolysis product formation for each biomass
The causal effect of education on body mass : evidence from Europe
Full text linkWe adopt a multi-country setup to show that years of schooling have a causal protective effect on the body mass index of females living in nine European countries. No such effect is found for males. The protective effect for European females is not negligible but is smaller than one recently found for the United States and stronger among overweight females. We discuss possible mechanisms justifying both the protective role of education and the gender difference in this role. We argue that the effects of additional schooling on income, the probability of employment, and the frequency of vigorous physical activities, both on and off the job, may help explain our results
Thermal degradation of DNA-treated cotton fabrics under different heating conditions
Full text linkOur recent work has demonstrated that deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) can act as an effective flame retardant when applied to cotton fabrics as a thin coating. DNA acts as a Lewis acid and promotes the dehydration of cotton cellulose to form char, limiting the production of volatile species. Here, the effect of heating rates on thermal degradation behaviour has been studied in order to understand the thermo-oxidation behaviour under slow heating and fast (flash) pyrolysis. The low heating rate effect has been studied using thermogravimetry coupled with infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis-combustion flow calorimetry, whereas high heating rate effect was obtained by performing thermogravimetry at 200-500 °C/min and flash-pyrolysis tests coupled with infrared spectroscopy. The information obtained by the latter has been successfully employed in order to (i) better explain the results collected from combustion tests and (ii) demonstrate that the type of the gaseous species and their evolution, as well as the char formation, as a consequence of the fabric thermo-oxidation, are independent of the adopted heating rate
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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