7,853 research outputs found
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
No full textThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
The Complete Muhammad Ali
No full textIncluding material and photographs not included in most of the 100 other books about the champion, Ishmael Reed's The Complete Muhammad Ali is more than just a biography-it is a fascinating portrait of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st. An honest, balanced portrayal of Ali, the book includes voices that have been omitted from other books. It charts Ali's evolution from Black Nationalism to a universalism, but does not discount the Nation of Islam and Black Nationalism's important influence on his intellectual development. Filipino American author Emil Guillermo speaks about how "The Thrilla' In Manila" brought the Philippines into the 20th century. Fans of Muhammad Ali, boxing fans, and those interested in modern African American history and the Nation of Islam will be fascinated by this biography by an accomplished American author.Intro -- DEDICATION -- INTRODUCTION -- The Curious History of an Icon -- CHAPTER 1 -- CHAPTER 2 -- CHAPTER 3 -- CHAPTER 4 -- CHAPTER 5 -- CHAPTER 6 -- CHAPTER 7 -- Did the Secret Government Fear a U.S. Muslim/Overseas Muslim Alliance? -- CHAPTER 8 -- CHAPTER 9 -- The Break Between the Prophet and his Disciple -- CHAPTER 10 -- CHAPTER 11 -- CHAPTER 12 -- The GOAT (Greatest Of All Time): Ali or Louis? -- CHAPTER 13 -- The Nation of Islam, the Mob, Showdowns in Canada and Sonny Liston -- CHAPTER 14 -- CHAPTER 15 -- The Taunts: Marketing or Racism? -- CHAPTER 16 -- CHAPTER 17 -- CHAPTER 18 -- CHAPTER 19 -- Boxing and the Brain -- CHAPTER 20 -- Ali's Feet -- CHAPTER 21 -- Mr. Dick -- CHAPTER 22 -- CHAPTER 23 -- The Opening Ceremonies, November 2005 -- CHAPTER 24 -- December 2005, Las Vegas -- CHAPTER 25 -- CHAPTER 26 -- June 16, 2004 -- CHAPTER 27 -- CHAPTER 28 -- CHAPTER 29 -- Aix-en-Provence -- CHAPTER 30 -- Ali as a Black Nationalist -- San Francisco, January 2004 Black Liberation Book Fair -- CHAPTER 31 -- January 31, 2004 -- CHAPTER 32 -- October 2005, Chicago -- CHAPTER 33 -- Why Ali remained with Elijah instead of following Malcolm -- CHAPTER 34 -- CHAPTER 35 -- February 4, 2006, Oakland, California -- CHAPTER 36 -- Like Zeus Descending from Mount Olympus -- CHAPTER 37 -- CHAPTER 38 -- Tuesday, February 28, 2006, New York -- CHAPTER 39 -- Bigger Than Boxing -- CHAPTER 40 -- Tribes Gallery, New York, April 2006 -- CHAPTER 41 -- June 2006, Louisville, Kentucky -- CHAPTER 42 -- CHAPTER 43 -- CHAPTER 45 -- Bad Company -- CHAPTER 46 -- Coxson, A Very Charming Rogue -- CHAPTER 47 -- Ali and the largest embezzlement scheme in Wells Fargo history -- CHAPTER 48 -- CHAPTER 49 -- "Lonnie is a stabilizing force."-Harry Belafonte -- October 29, 2006 -- CHAPTER 50 -- Abdul Rahman -- CHAPTER 51 -- CHAPTER 52 -- CHAPTER 53How Will Ali Be Remembered? New York, January 8, 2005 -- CHAPTER 54 -- CONCLUSION -- AFTERWORD -- Boxers' Rights? -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- MUHAMMAD ALI -- ISLAM AND NATION OF ISLAM -- BOXING -- RELATED SUBJECTS -- ALSO AVAILABLE FROM BARAKA BOOKSIncluding material and photographs not included in most of the 100 other books about the champion, Ishmael Reed's The Complete Muhammad Ali is more than just a biography-it is a fascinating portrait of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st. An honest, balanced portrayal of Ali, the book includes voices that have been omitted from other books. It charts Ali's evolution from Black Nationalism to a universalism, but does not discount the Nation of Islam and Black Nationalism's important influence on his intellectual development. Filipino American author Emil Guillermo speaks about how "The Thrilla' In Manila" brought the Philippines into the 20th century. Fans of Muhammad Ali, boxing fans, and those interested in modern African American history and the Nation of Islam will be fascinated by this biography by an accomplished American author.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Soil fertility controls soil–atmosphere carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a tropical landscape converted from lowland forest to rubber and oil palm plantations
No full textExpansion of palm oil and rubber production, for which global demand is
increasing, causes rapid deforestation in Sumatra, Indonesia, and is expected
to continue in the next decades. Our study aimed to (1) quantify changes in
soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes with land-use change and (2) determine
their controlling factors. In Jambi Province, Sumatra, we selected two
landscapes on heavily weathered soils that differ mainly in texture: loam and
clay Acrisol soils. In each landscape, we investigated the reference land-use
types (forest and secondary forest with regenerating rubber) and the
converted land-use types (rubber, 7–17 years old, and oil palm plantations,
9–16 years old). We measured soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes monthly from
December 2012 to December 2013. Annual soil CO2 fluxes from the
reference land-use types were correlated with soil fertility: low extractable
phosphorus (P) coincided with high annual CO2 fluxes from the loam
Acrisol soil that had lower fertility than the clay Acrisol soil (P < 0.05).
Soil CO2 fluxes from the oil palm (107.2 to 115.7 mg
C m−2 h−1) decreased compared to the other land-use types
(between 178.7 and 195.9 mg C m−2 h−1; P < 0.01). Across
land-use types, annual CO2 fluxes were positively correlated with soil
organic carbon (C) and negatively correlated with 15N signatures,
extractable P and base saturation. This suggests that the reduced soil
CO2 fluxes from oil palm were the result of strongly decomposed soil
organic matter and reduced soil C stocks due to reduced litter input as well
as being due to a possible reduction in C allocation to roots due to improved
soil fertility from liming and P fertilization in these plantations. Soil
CH4 uptake in the reference land-use types was negatively correlated
with net nitrogen (N) mineralization and soil mineral N, suggesting N
limitation of CH4 uptake, and positively correlated with exchangeable
aluminum (Al), indicating a decrease in methanotrophic activity at high Al
saturation. Reduction in soil CH4 uptake in the converted land-use types
(ranging from −3.0 to −14.9 μg C m−2 h−1) compared
to the reference land-use types (ranging from −20.8 to −40.3 μg
C m−2 h−1; P < 0.01) was due to a decrease in soil N
availability in the converted land-use types. Our study shows for the first
time that differences in soil fertility control the soil–atmosphere exchange
of CO2 and CH4 in a tropical landscape, a mechanism that we were
able to detect by conducting this study on the landscape scale
Mulching with pruned fronds promotes the internal soil N cycling and soil fertility in a large-scale oil palm plantation
No full textIntensive management practices in large-scale oil palm plantations can slow down nutrient cycling and alter other soil functions. Thus, there is a need to reduce management intensity without sacrificing productivity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of management practices on gross rates of soil N cycling and soil fertility. In Jambi province, Indonesia, we established a management experiment in a large-scale oil palm plantation to compare conventional practices (i.e. high fertilization rates and herbicide weeding) with reduced management intensity (i.e. reduced fertilization rates and mechanical weeding). Also, we compared the typical management zones characterizing large-scale plantations: palm circle, inter-row and frond-stacked area. After 1.5 years of this experiment, reduced and conventional management showed comparable gross soil N cycling rates; however, there were stark differences among management zones. The frond-stacked area had higher soil N cycling rates and soil fertility (high microbial biomass, extractable C, soil organic C, extractable organic N, total N and low bulk density) than inter-row and palm circle (all p ≤ 0.05). Microbial biomass was the main driver of the soil N cycle, attested by its high correlation with gross N-cycling rates (r = 0.93–0.95, p &lt; 0.01). The correlations of microbial N with extractable C, extractable organic N, soil organic C and total N (r = 0.76–0.89, p &lt; 0.01) suggest that microbial biomass was mainly regulated by the availability of organic matter. Mulching with senesced fronds enhanced soil microbial biomass, which promoted nutrient recycling and thereby can decrease dependency on chemical fertilizers
Soil degradation in oil palm and rubber plantations under land resource scarcity
No full textTropical regions, such as Sumatra, experiencing extensive transformation of natural ecosystems, are close to complete exhaustion of available land. Agroecosystems strongly modify water and nutrient cycles, leading to losses of soil fertility, C sequestration and biodiversity. Although large companies are the main drivers of deforestation and plantation establishment, smallholders account for 40% of the oil palm and the majority of the rubber production in Indonesia. Here, we assess the extent and mechanisms of soil degradation under smallholder oil palm and rubber plantations in a context of land scarcity. The topsoil properties (C and N contents, C stocks, C/N ratio, bulk density) in 207 oil palm and rubber plantations in the Jambi province of Sumatra were determined beside trees, inside rows and interrows. Soils under oil palms were on average more degraded than under rubber, showing lower C content and stocks, lower N and higher bulk density. While soil properties were homogenous under rubber, two opposite trends were observed under oil palm plantations: the majority of soils had C content 9% C. This resulted from the establishment of oil palms under conditions of land scarcity. Because the oil palm boom started when rubber was already well-established, oil palms were frequently planted in marginal areas, such as peatlands or riparian areas (high C) or soils degraded by previous use (low C). The management of oil palms led to subsequent soil degradation, especially in interrows: C content decreased and bulk density increased in older oil palm plantations. This was not observed in rubber plantations because of a C input from leaf litter spread homogeneously all over the plantation, higher ground cover and a limited use of motorized vehicles. Considering that 10% of soils under oil palms had very low C content (<1%), we conclude that intensive cultivation can lead to intensive soil degradation and expect future degradation of soils under young oil palms. This challenges the sustainability of agricultural intensification in Sumatra. Because Sumatra is a pioneer of tropical land-use change, this should be regarded as potential threats that other tropical regions may face in future
Large contribution of soil N2O emission to the global warming potential of a large-scale oil palm plantation despite changing from conventional to reduced management practices
No full text<jats:p>Abstract. Conventional management of oil palm plantations, involving high fertilization rate and herbicide application, results in high yield but with large soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aimed to assess a practical alternative to conventional management, namely reduced fertilization with mechanical weeding, to decrease soil GHG emissions without sacrificing production. We established a full factorial experiment with two fertilization rates (conventional and reduced fertilization, equal to nutrients exported via fruit harvest) and two weeding methods (herbicide and mechanical), each with four replicate plots, since 2016 in a ≥ 15-year-old, large-scale oil palm plantation in Indonesia. Soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes were measured during 2019–2020, and yield was measured during 2017–2020. Fresh fruit yield (30 ± 1 Mgha-1yr-1) and soil GHG fluxes did not differ among treatments (P≥ 0.11), implying legacy effects of over a decade of conventional management prior to the start of the experiment. Annual soil GHG fluxes were 5.5 ± 0.2 Mg CO2-C ha−1 yr−1, 3.6 ± 0.7 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1, and −1.5 ± 0.1 kg CH4-C ha−1 yr−1 across treatments. The palm circle, where fertilizers are commonly applied, covered 18 % of the plantation area but accounted for 79 % of soil N2O emission. The net primary production of this oil palm plantation was 17 150 ± 260 kgCha-1yr-1, but 62 % of this was removed by fruit harvest. The global warming potential of this planation was 3010 ± 750 kgCO2eqha-1yr-1, of which 55 % was contributed by soil N2O emission and only &lt; 2 % offset by the soil CH4 sink.
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Riparian wetland properties counter the effect of land-use change on soil carbon stocks after rainforest conversion to plantations
No full textNilai Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Kitab Washaya Al-Aba’ Li Al-Abna Karya Muhammad Syakir Al-Iskandari
No full textThis research aims to identify the character education values contained in the book Washaya al-Aba' li al-Abna Muhammad Syakir and the role of his opinion on the richness of character education values. It is hoped that this research can be used as a source or reference in efforts to develop education and character as a whole, especially character education according to Islam. It can also be used as a reference to facilitate understanding of character education and as a reference for relevant research in the future. This research method is qualitative and uses a narrative biography method. By using a descriptive presentation approach, this autobiography of the character's thoughts combines the ideas of character education from his work. Library research, or library research, is a research method that involves books, articles, notes and electronic media. with primary sources from the book Washaya al Aba Li al-Abna and secondary sources from study books. In this research, data collection was carried out through the documentation method, which includes searching for data through variables such as notes, books, and articles, among others. The author used a content analysis study to analyze the data; they analyzed the data textually based on the contents of the book. The research results show that the book Washaya al Aba Li al-Abna contains 17 educational character values, divided into two categories: 10 character values fall into the moral category and 7 character values fall into the performance category. Faith and piety, love and obedience to the Messenger of Allah, respect for parents, respect for teachers, truth or honesty, nobility or self-respect, patience, sincerity and a simple life are moral characters. Performance characteristics also include trust, discipline, hard work, never giving up, love of the country, interest in reading or literacy knowledge, and concern for the environment
Biography of Muhammad Baba
No full textCe manuscrit est une biographie du savant islamique Muhammad Baba du village de Doumga, au Sénégal. Elle fait partie d'une série de biographies que l'auteur a écrites sur les dirigeants islamiques en Afrique de l'Ouest.This manuscript is a biography of Islamic scholarMuhammad Baba of the village of Doumga, in Senegal. It is one of a series of biographies that the author has written about Islamic leaders in West Africa
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