1,720,959 research outputs found
Mammella: è possibile la chemioprevenzione?
No full textLa prevenzione delle malattie oncologiche riveste un grande interesse e rappresenta uno dei principali obiettivi di politica sanitaria. La prevenzione primaria, ovvero I' abolizione delle cause cancerogene, rimane I'obiettivo principale. Questo obiettivo e oggi pili vicino gra- =ie alla maggiore consapevolezza della popola- none dei rischi causati dai diversi cancerogeni :!IDbientali, dalle errate abitudini alimentari e
:oluttuarie. :..a farmaco-prevenzione e una disciplina relati-
ente nuova che si propone di agire sulle ::!ppe intermedie che portano alla manifestazio- ;;,~c1inica della neoplasia. ::"'erecenti conoscenze dei meccanisrni della can- _"fogenesi e l' acquisizione di nuove sostanze _~n attivita preventive ne hanno ampliato Ie -=-,plicazioni.
- termini di prevenzione oncologic a e utile pun- ::!3lizzare la differenza tra "prevenzione prima- ~"e "prevenzione secondaria". Infatti, se si :sdude il tentativo di ridurre l' esposizione della -<Jpolazione a fattori di rischio noti, l'approc-
pili frequente in oncologia e quello della
Copyright 2002, ere Edizioni lnternazionali, Roma
prevenzione secondaria, cioe una diagnosi pm precoce possibile per condizionare favorevol- mente la prognosi dei soggetti affetti. La farmaco-prevenzione si prop one di interve- nire a livello della sequenza di eventi che costi- tuiscono il processo di cancerogenesi al fine di prevenire la progressione neoplastica prima del- l'evento clinico terminale, cioe la formazione del tumore.
Negli ultirni anni l'interesse per la farmaco-pre- venzione e progressivamente aumentato, poiche la prospettiva di una riduzione del rischio di tumore trarnite l'uso di farmaci e diventata plau- sibile grazie ai risultati di numerosi studi pre- clinici, epidemiologici e clinici
Monitoring of pregnancy complicated by maternal-fetal isoimmunization. A comparison between two clinical protocols
No full textAIM:
Invasive techniques such as amniocentesis and cordocentesis are used for the diagnosis and treatment of fetus at risk for anemia due to maternal red-cell alloimmunization. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of non invasive measurements of the peak velocity middle cerebral artery in the fetus (PVMCA) for the diagnosis of fetal anemia.
METHODS:
From 1996 to September 2002, we studied 23 pregnancies with anti D title >1:32. In the 1(st) group of 11 women (from 1996 to 1999) fetal anemia was detected by invasive techniques (amniocentesis and cordocentesis). In the 2(nd) group of 12 women (from 1999 to 2002) fetal anemia was suspected on the basis of PVMCA. When PVMCA was significantly increased, cordocentesis was performed in order to rule out fetal anemia and to provide in utero transfusions.
RESULTS:
In the 1(st) period we performed 23 invasive techniques (7 amniocentesis and 16 cordocentesis) in 11 women, but we identified fetal anemia only in 4 cases. In the 2(nd) period we performed only 2 cordocentesis in women in which PVMCA was increased; the blood sampling confirmed fetal anemia in both cases.
CONCLUSION:
PVMCA and fetal hematocrit are highly significantly correlated: high values of PVMCA are associated with fetal anemia. Doppler velocity of PVMCA is related to fetal anemia with positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 100%. The middle cerebral artery blood velocity is a non invasive technique for detecting anemia in pregnancies complicated by alloimmunization
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Labor course and delivery in epidural analgesia: a case-control study
No full textBACKGROUND:
We aimed to establish if epidural analgesia is associated with a higher incidence of operative vaginal delivery, longer duration of labor and more frequent use of oxytocin than labor without analgesia.
METHODS:
We analyzed a cohort of 207 women with no risk factors who delivered with epidural analgesia in the labor unit of Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy, during 2001. Length of the first and second stage of labor, mode of delivery, neonatal cord blood pH, neonatal Apgar score and neonatal outcomes were evaluated.
RESULTS:
Epidural analgesia was performed on request in 6%: in this group (group A) there were 141 (68%) nulliparae and 66 (32%) pluriparae; mean ( +/- standard deviation) gestational age at delivery was 39.4 +/- 1.3 weeks (range: 34.1-41.5 weeks). In this group, 184 (89%) had vaginal delivery and 23 (11%) delivered by Cesarean section. Among controls (group B), 368 (89%) had a vaginal delivery and 46 (11%) delivered by Cesarean section; vacuum extraction was used in 18 deliveries (9%) in group A and in 13 deliveries (3%) in group B. The duration of the second stage of spontaneous labor in the nulliparae of group A was significantly longer than in group B. No statistically significant differences were found between mean umbilical artery pH values of groups A and B.
CONCLUSION:
Our results confirm that epidural analgesia does not affect the rate of Cesarean delivery, while increasing the use of oxytocin augmentation, the duration of the second stage of labor and the rate of instrumental vaginal delivery
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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