1,720,969 research outputs found
The Beneficial Effects of Bariatric-Surgery-Induced Weight Loss on Renal Function.
No full textObesity represents an independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to specific histopathological alterations, known as obesity-related glomerulopathy. Bariatric surgery is the most effective means of inducing and maintaining sustained weight loss. Furthermore, in the context of bariatric-surgery-induced weight loss, a reduction in the proinflammatory state and an improvement in the adipokine profile occur, which may also contribute to the improvement of renal function following bariatric surgery. However, the assessment of renal function in the context of obesity and following marked weight loss is difficult, since the formulas adopted to estimate glomerular function use biomarkers whose production is dependent on muscle mass (creatinine) or adipose tissue mass and inflammation (cystatin-c). Thus, following bariatric surgery, the extent to which reductions in plasma concentrations reflect the actual improvement in renal function is not clear. Despite this limitation, the available literature suggests that in patients with hyperfiltration at baseline, GFR is reduced following bariatric surgery, whereas GFR is increased in patients with decreased GFR at baseline. These findings are also confirmed in the few studies that have used measured rather than estimated GFR. Albuminuria is also decreased following bariatric surgery. Moreover, bariatric surgery seems superior in achieving the remission of albuminuria and early CKD than the best medical treatment. In this article, we discuss the pathophysiology of renal complications in obesity, review the mechanisms through which weight loss induces improvements in renal function, and provide an overview of the renal outcomes following bariatric surgery
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Adipose Tissue Energy Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes
Get PDFObesity-related metabolic disturbances typically occur when the available energy exceeds the storage capacity of white adipose tissue (WAT), which can lead to ectopic lipid deposition, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The re-discovery of the existence of energy consuming brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans has ignited interest in finding novel approaches for BAT activation to be used for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. Currently, bariatric surgery procedures provide marked and sustained weight loss, and remission of diabetes in some severely obese patients. Energy metabolism in adipose tissue in the presence of obesity and diabetes, and the changes that occur after weight loss induced by surgery are largely understudied. The present work hypothesized that the WAT and BAT energy metab-olism are different between obese and non-obese subjects, and also between obese with and without diabetes subgroups. Bariatric surgery improves adipose energy metabolism in severely obese patients independent of diabetes status.
Here, severely obese patients, with a mean BMI of 40 kg/m², roughly half with diabetes, and age-matched lean metabolically healthy controls, were studied with PET-CT and MRI to measure adipose tissue energy (glucose and fatty acid) metabolism, and blood flow distribution. The regional distribution of WAT; and the browning of supraclavicular BAT were also studied. White adipocyte size and numbers in biopsies were measured. Obese patients were studied before and at 6 months after surgery, and normal weight healthy controls studied once.
When the obese patients were treated as a combined group, their blood flow distribution, glucose and fatty acid metabolism rates in WAT were significantly impaired compared to nonobese healthy control subjects. Blood flow, fatty acid or glucose uptake rates when expressed per expanded depot mass were higher in the obese group compared to controls. Fatty acid uptake per adipocyte was higher only for diabetic patients of the obese group compared to the controls. Excessive accumulation of WAT was a limiting factor with regards BAT fatty acid metabolism, or then the browning of adipose tissue in the supraclavicular depot. After surgery, adipose glucose uptake rates increased independent of diabetes status. Fatty acid and blood flow rates decreased significantly when expressed per depot size, and per adipocyte. However, the postsurgery depot glucose uptake rates were similar to values in the presurgery state. BAT lipid metabolism increased significantly with weight loss, and values were associated with decreased adiposity along with improved whole body insulin sensitivity.
The current study highlights the negative impact of severe obesity and diabetes on adipose tissue energy metabolism, which appears to be partly due to expanded fat mass mediated by adipocyte hypertrophy or hyperplasia. Weight reduction with bariatric surgery improves adipose energy metabolism, and conse-quently the overall metabolic health in obese individuals regardless of the presence of diabetes.ei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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