31 research outputs found
High gain switched-inductor-double-leg converter with wide duty range for dc microgrid
No full textIn a dc microgrid, efficient high gain converters are needed to raise the voltage level of low voltage power sources such as photovoltaic, fuel cells, etc. In this article, a high-gain switched-inductor-double-leg converter for dc microgrid is proposed. The proposed converter is capable of providing higher gain devoid of using any transformer, coupled inductor, and multiple voltage lifting techniques, e.g., triple lift, quadruple lift, super lift, etc. The operating modes of the converter are controlled using three switches in double duty mode. Compared to single duty converter, the double duty converter provides a flexibility in selection of duty cycle for switch to achieve desired output voltage and controlling inductor current ripple magnitude by selecting appropriate duty cycles. Moreover, two duty cycles make the converter capable of achieving high gain with wide duty range and an individual switch does not need to operate at very large duty cycle to achieve high voltage gain. The topological description, operating principles, steady-state voltage gain analysis during continuous conduction mode and discontinuous continuous mode, boundary condition, and voltage and current analysis, efficiency analysis, comparison and design of the proposed are presented. The proposed converter is tested in laboratory to validate its feasibility and performance.Manuscript received May 18, 2020; revised September 2, 2020; accepted September 14, 2020. Date of publication October 9, 2020; date of current version June 28, 2021. This work is financially supported by the Qatar University-Marubeni concept of prototype Development Research under Grant M-CTP-CENG-2020-2 from the Qatar University. (Corresponding author: Md Samiullah.) Md Samiullah and Imtiaz Ashraf are with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]).Scopu
مولوی ذکاء اللہ بہ حیثیت مورخ
No full textMaulvi Zakaullah was one of those companions of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan who tried his level best to accomplish the goals of Aligarh Movement. He also offered services to resolve the difficulties faced regarding the books on Geography, Ethics, Literature, Biography, Linguists and History.
He gave special attention to History. His books entitled “Tarikh-e-Hindustan (10 Volume), Sultan-e-Hindustan (Volume 1 amp; 2), Tarikh-e-Englasia, Aain-eQasri, Sawan-e-Samiullah, Tarikh-e-Islam, Farhang-e-Farhang etc carry great importance
اے۔جے وینسنک کا سوانحی خاکہ اور اس کے افکارکاتجزیاتی و تنقیدی مطالعہ
No full textArent Jan Wensinck (1882–1939), a prominent Dutch scholar, made significant contributions to Islamic and Christian mystical theology, Semitic languages, and oriental history. His academic journey spanned universities in Utrecht, Leiden, Berlin, and Heidelberg, where he developed expertise in Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac, and Aramaic. Wensinck is renowned for his monumental work on Hadith indexing, al-Muʿjam al-Mufahras li Alfāẓ al-Ḥadīth al-Nabawī, which remains a critical resource for Islamic studies. However, his research on Islamic creeds, notably in The Muslim Creed: Its Genesis and Historical Development, introduced controversial ideas, such as the historical evolution of Islamic beliefs. Wensinck argued that Islamic creed was not fully formed during the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) lifetime and developed over three centuries. His analysis of the Qur'an and Hadith also raised criticisms, particularly his interpretation of repetitive verses and varied narrations as contradictions. This paper critically examines Wensinck's methodology, highlighting his intellectual gaps, such as his misunderstanding of Qur'anic repetition and Hadith variations. It further explores how Wensinck’s Western lens influenced his conclusions about Islamic theology, failing to appreciate the contextual and situational delivery of Islamic creeds. Despite these shortcomings, Wensinck's contributions, especially in Hadith scholarship, remain invaluable, and his work continues to be a subject of both admiration and critique in contemporary Islamic studies
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF MUSLIM INSURGENCIES IN INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: CASE STUDY OF DEOBAND MOVEMENT
No full textIt is fact that the Muslims have had always responded to the foreign challenges either in shape of colonial and political domination, military intervention, missionary activities or in the sphere of Western idealism or intellectual modernism. It is said that the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were the periods of decline the Muslim world, but in that period the purificationist and revivalist movements were quite active against the colonial ascendancy. These movements whether raised in the Middle East or in India, adopted an approach of relegio-political positivism and germinated Islāmic dynamism. There is a striking parallelism between the movements launched either in India or in the Middle East. A critical anylsis is given on the association of Syed Ahmad Shahid’s jihad movement with the Wahhabi movement of Arabia as well as the effects of Muslim rebel to the colonial and their allies. This paper presents a historical sketch of insurgence in subcontinent from Shah Waliullah to later established school of thoughts. This paper will help to understand the historical roots of Muslim uprising history in the region.
 
رینالڈ نکلسن کے افکار کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ: EXPLORING THE INTELLECTUAL LEGACY OF REYNOLD NICHOLSON: A CRITICAL STUDY
No full textReynold Alleyne Nicholson (1868-1945) is a prominent figure in the world of Orientalism, often regarded as a moderate and impartial British Orientalist. However, a deeper analysis of his thoughts and theories reveals a complex picture. While Nicholson is commonly associated with scholars like Goldziher, Danté, Suroosh, More, Hamilton Gibb, Michael Hart, Edward Gibbon, Montgomery Watt, George Sale, Joseph Schacht, and Biddle, who held prejudiced and anti-Islamic views, it becomes evident that he was in no way less influenced by their biased perspectives. Nicholson holds a significant place in the academic world of the West, with a profound interest in religion and various aspects related to it, including philosophy, poetry, and history. However, his central focus remains Sufism. He was a close associate of renowned Orientalist T.W. Arnold and had students like E.G. Brown and J.A. Arberry, along with being a mentor to the famous Eastern poet and philosopher Allama Iqbal. This study explores how Nicholson, by maintaining a balance between critique and inquiry, contributed to the scrutiny of Islamic thought, philosophy, history, and jurisprudence. It specifically sheds light on his unscientific and biased expressions regarding the prophethood, mission, and miracles of the Prophet of Islam, especially the miraculous Ascension
معاجمِ عربیہ : مفاہیم ، اصول اور اقسام۔۔۔ تاریخی مطالعہ: ARABIC LEXICOGRAPHY: TERMINOLOGIES, PRINCIPLES, AND CATEGORIES: HISTORICAL STUDY
No full textSoon after the promulgation of Islam and the mass conversion of non-Arabs to the new religion, the need was felt for a systematic study of the Arabic language to maintain a correct reading and interpretation of the Qur’an by both Arab and non-Arab Muslims, and to make it easy for non-Arab Muslims to learn Arabic. That need was immediately satisfied by the appearance of scholars devoted to the systematic observation, collection and registration of the linguistic phenomena in Arabic on their various levels. The history of lexicography is one of trial and error, but lexicon is as old as writing itself. The Sumerians’ signs on clay tablets constitute, perhaps, the world’s first classified vocabularies. The Assyrians’ coming to Babylon stimulated lexicography there. Ta’lif al-Mu‘ajim al-‘Arabiyyah, the equivalent of which in English is Arabic lexicography takes its root from a’jama which means to make clear. It is defined as the art or practice of writing or compilation of Arabic lexicons or dictionaries. This paper presents a historical study of Terminology of Arabic lexicography and its various types as well as discussion regarding the principles of Lexicography. This reading would help the scholars of Linguistics and Literature to be acquainted with the fundamentals of Arabic lexicography and its historical evaluatio
حدودو قصاص ، مالی اور غیر مالی معاملات میں عورت کی شہادت کے حوالے سے فقہاء کے اقوال و دلائل کا تجزیاتی جائزہ: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE SAYINGS AND ARGUMENTS OF JURISTS REGARDING THE TESTIMONY OF WOMAN IN HUDOOD O QISAS, FINANCIAL AND NON-FINANCIAL MATTERS
No full textTestimony has an important place in every religion and society because of which a claimant gets or deprived of his right. In view of the importance of testimony, Islam has given detailed injunctions for it and has also obliged its followers to always bear true witness. There are different types of human affairs in which men and women testify. Quran has mentioned specific rules regarding the testimony of a woman in financial matters. There is a difference of opinion among the jurists regarding the testimony of a woman in matters other than financial issues such as hudud o qisas, marriage, divorce, remarriage, and women-specific matters (for instance menstruation cycle, virginity, physical defects and birth of a dead or alive child etc.). This study aims to evaluate the views of Islamic jurists regarding the testimony of women in different affairs and the prevailing position (Rajeh Qaol)
Prophetic Standards of Acceptance of Government Gifts: حکومتی تحائف کے رد و قبول کے نبوی معیارات
No full textThis research delves into the standards established by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) concerning the acceptance of gifts from governmental entities. It explores the Prophet's guidance, recorded in Hadith literature, regarding ethical considerations, limits, and conditions surrounding the acceptance of offerings from governing authorities. Analyzing these standards within the context of contemporary governance and ethical frameworks, the study examines their applicability and relevance in navigating ethical dilemmas pertaining to government gifts
URDU-SIGNIFICANCE OF CORANICA AMONG THE WESTERN QURANIC PROJECTS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
No full textTo date, knowledge of the textual history of the Qur'an has relied primarily on the Arabo-Islamic tradition. The study of material evidence, which should contribute to understanding the historical development of the canonization of the text, form the first part of the Coranica project. The Coranica project gives priority to an empirical approach, contributing to the history of the Qur'anic text based primarily on material evidence, distributed chronologically, and less on the data of the Arabo-Islamic tradition. As part of its empirical approach, Coranica aims to take into account current developments and the latest discoveries. These include continuing and amplifying the research on older written witnesses of the Qur'an, a field of study that lay dormant until the 1980s and was revived by the discoveries of Sanaa, and other well known collections, such as those of St. Petersburg or Istanbul. Coranica provides a platform for cooperation between those in the fields of antiquity and Islamic studies. The project brings together researchers from various disciplines from Germany, France, England, Austria and Italy. Coranica began in 2011, and is directed by Christian Robin and François Deroche (AIBL, Paris) and Michael Marx and Angelika Neuwirth (BBAW, Berlin). In this paper, the introduction and the details of the project are given for the urdu-natives with critical analysis of the project components theoretically.
قرآنی مخطوطات کی رسم شناسی: قدیم حجازی اور کوفی رسم الخط کاتجزیاتی مطالعہ: Script Typology in Qur’anic Manuscripts: An Analytical Study of Early Hijazi and Kufic Scripts
No full textThis study investigates the script typology of early Qur’anic manuscripts, focusing on the analytical examination of Hijazi and Kufic scripts within the framework of Islamic palaeography. Drawing upon primary manuscript evidence from leading collections, including examples from Ṣanʿāʾ, Tashkent, Topkapi, and the Blue Qurʾān, the research delineates the morphological, structural, and aesthetic characteristics that distinguish these two formative styles of Qur’anic calligraphy. The Hijazi script, with its distinctive slant, angularity, and absence of diacritical marks, is examined in relation to its historical context in the first century AH, particularly in the Hijaz region. In contrast, the Kufic script, characterized by its rectilinear geometry, proportional balance, and ornamental variations such as Floriated, Knotted, and Square Kufic, is situated within the late 1st–3rd century AH Abbasid calligraphic tradition. The study integrates script typology with palaeographic analysis, comparing scribal practices, orthographic conventions, and decorative features, and evaluating their significance for dating and localizing early Qur’anic codices. This research further engages with scholarly debates—both classical and contemporary—on the evolution and classification of early Arabic scripts, referencing the works of François Déroche, Éléonore Cellard, Sheila Blair, and Alain George. The findings underscore the critical role of script typology in reconstructing the textual, artistic, and cultural history of the Qur’an, and highlight the necessity of integrating traditional manuscript studies with digital imaging and database tools for future scholarship.
Keywords: Qur’anic manuscripts, script typology, Hijazi script, Kufic script, palaeography, codicology, Islamic calligraphy
